• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1305-1316
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• 2020

In approximately 10% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), angiography does not reveal an obstructive coronary stenosis. This is known as myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), which has complex and multifactorial causes. However, this term can be confusing and open to dual interpretation, because MINOCA is also used to describe patients with acute myocardial injury caused by ischemia-related myocardial necrosis. Therefore, with regards to this specific context of MINOCA, the generic term for MINOCA should be replaced with troponin-positive with non-obstructive coronary arteries (TpNOCA). The causes of TpNOCA can be subcategorized into epicardial coronary (causes of MINOCA), myocardial, and extracardiac disorders. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can confirm MI and differentiate various myocardial causes, while cardiac computed tomography is useful to diagnose the extracardiac causes.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2014

Despite that porcine spermatogonial stem cells (pSSCs) have been regarded as a practical tool for preserving eternally genetic backgrounds derived from pigs with high performance in the economic traits or phenotypes of specific human diseases, there were no reports about precise definition of niche conditions promoting proliferation and maintenance of pSSCs. Accordingly, we tried to determine niche conditions supporting proliferation and maintenance of undifferentiated pSSCs for short-term. For these, undifferentiated pSSCs were progressively cultured in different composition of culture medium, seeding density of pSSCs, type of feeder cells and concentration of growth factors, and then total number of and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity of pSSCs were investigated at post-6 day culture. As the results, the culture of $4{\times}10^5$ pSSCs on mitotically in activated $2{\times}10^5$ STO cells in the mouse embryonic stem cell culture medium (mESCCM) supplemented with 30 ng/ml glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was identified as the best niche condition supporting effectively the short-term maintenance of undifferentiated pSSCs. Moreover, the optimized short-term culture system will be a basis for developing long-term culture system of pSSCs in the following researches.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.424-433
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• 2009

In order to improve productivity and efficiency of ship production process, production technology converged with Information Technology can be considered. Mid-term scheduling based on long-term schedule of ship building and execution planning based on short-term production schedule have an important role in ship production processes and techniques. However, data used in the scheduling are from the experiences of the past, cognitive, and often inaccurate, moreover the updates of the data by formatted documents are not being performed efficiently. This paper designs the tracking and monitoring system for the curved plates forming process with shop level. At first step to it, we redefine and analyze the curved plates forming process by using SysML. From the definition and analysis of the curved plates forming process, we design the system with respect to operational view considering operational environment and interactions between systems included and scenario about operation, and with respect to system view considering functionalities and interfaces of the system. In order to study the feasibility of the system designed, a prototype of the system has been implemented with 13.56 MHz RHD hardware and application software.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.20-39
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• 1998

정보검색시스템은 문헌을 색인하기 위하여 용어와 용어사이의 관계로 구성돤 시소러스를 사용한다. 색인어가 시소러스로부터 선택된다면, 색인어 사이의 관계유형을 이용하여 정보검색시스템의 검색효율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 최근 시소러스는 정보검색에서뿐만 아니라 언어와 지식공학 분야까지 그 사용범위가 확장되고 있지만, 시소러스의 용어관계는 동등, 계층, 연관관계로 단순하게 표현되며, 특히 연관관계의 경우, 다른 관계유형에 비해 그 정의나 범위가 모호해서 색인, 검색시 용어통제가 잘 되지 않는 것으로 지적되고 있다. 본 고는 기존의 시소러스에서 규정하고 있는 연관관계 유형을 고찰하고, 연관관계의 유형과 범위를 어떻게 규정하고 있는가를 살펴보았으며 이를 통하여 새로운 연관관계 유형을 제시하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2019

In this paper, I introduce the development of a system to register Korean standard technical terms which are corresponded with English electronical terminologies on the Electropedia of the International Electronical Committee(IEC). In 2016, this project was started with the permission of registration at the Technical Committee 1 of the $80^{th}$ IEC General Meeting in Frankfurt, Germany. The work was consisted of 3 parts, the 1st step was gathering Korean vocabularies and building a databse for the translation of English terms of International Electronical Vocabulary(IEV) into Korean terms, the 2nd step was to find correct or proper Korean term which is in accord with each English term of IEV on the Electropedia. In this step, members of Korean TC 1 worked for search proper Korean terms using developed computer programs and databases which were made of Korean electronical dictionaries. After selection of proper terms, they did the cross-checking work for Korean terms each other. The last step was to register all of these Korean terms on the Electropedia. As a result, 20,766 Korean electronical terms were registered on the Electropedia in 2017. In the future, it is needed that the definition of English technical terms are translated into Korean.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Ayurveda is one of the most historic and comprehensive medical system in the world. It was passed down as Buddhist medicine with Buddhism to influence enormously to East Asian medicine. Therefore, researches on Ayurveda is important in studying East Asian medicine as well as in studying Indian traditional medicine and althernative medicine. However, in previous studies, the term, 'Ayurveda', was mistaken and misused frequently. Clarifying the relations between the definition of Ayurveda and Indian traditional medicine is essential in preventing future controversy. Therefore, such relations were studied to draw following conclusions. 1. 'Ayurveda' is the term determining the oldest medicine system in the world that originated in India. Reportedly, the first book about Ayurveda is "Agnivesha samhita", and the oldest existing book is "Charaka Samhita". No records were found on medine books named Ayurveda, and interpreting Ayurveda to be a name of a book is explicitly misunderstanding. 2. There are various divisions of Indian traditional medicine in previous studies. However, divisions in 6 types of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Yoga, Naturopathy and Homoeopathy is the most proper. 3. Ayurveda gained some similarities as it exchanged with other medicine systems. However, since each medicine system has unique characteristics, they must be separately studied. Especially, current Indian traditional medicine system has many divisions. Terms of 'Indian traditional medicine' and 'Ayurveda' must be separately used.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.27-47
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• 2009

Concepts of mediation and conciliation as alternative dispute resolutions are often confusingly used. As to what is meant by mediation and conciliation, there is no uniform legal definition. However, there has been a distinction between two methods of dispute settlement under the international law (UN Charter, WTO DSU, NAFTA, EU mediation directive, WIPO Mediation Rules) although there is no clear definition on the terms of mediation and conciliation. And also under the domestic law such as U.K, France, Germany, a clear distinction has been made between two terms. Mediation means a facilitated negotiation between two parties through the intervention of a third party. A third and neutral party (mediator) help the parties in dispute to find their solution by managing a certain mediation protocol and facilitating communication between the parties while in conciliation, a third party evaluative the case and can suggest the parties a legally non-binding solution. Once the parties accept it, it becomes binding between them. However, in the U.S,, it seems that there is no practical use of distinguishing mediation and conciliation. The term of mediation is more commonly used than the term of conciliation and it has two kinds of mediation such as facilitative and evaluative mediation. Korea's conciliation system is close to conciliation or evaluative mediation. In conclusion, what is distinct between mediation and conciliation is the role of third party. If a neutral third party takes a role of advisor or facilitator, then he or she may employ a proper protocol to help the parties to find themselves their solution (mediation) while if a neutral person plays a role of evaluator, then he or she listens to the parties and suggest a solution to them (conciliation).

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.411-437
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• 2000

It is unsafe to attempt a complete definition of the expression 'perils of the seas', because in practice the question 'what is a peril of the seas' is inextricably woven up with the further question, 'was the loss proximately caused by the sea peril ?' Such casualties as stranding, collision and heavy weather appear with monotonous regularity in the daily reports, and are the obvious examples. However, what can be included in the term 'perils of the seas' seems to be inexhaustible, although most circumstances appear to have been covered by the Courts. Two cases heard in 1887 were instrumental in defining perils of the seas. In The Xantho Lord Herschell made the following remarks: "The term ... does not cover every accidents or casualty which may happen to the subject matter of insurance on the sea. It must be a peril 'of' the sea. Not every loss or damage of which the sea is the immediate cause is covered by these words. They do not protect, for example, against that natural and inevitable action of the winds and waves which results in what may be described as wear and tear. There must be some casualty, something which could not be foreseen as one of the necessary incidents of the adventure. The purpose of the policy is to secure an indemnity against accidents which may happen, not against events which must happen. ... If a vessel strikes upon a sunken rock in fair weather and sinks, this is a loss by perils of the sea."

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.904-914
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• 1998

비지니스 프로세스를 근본적으로 개선하는 접근방법으로 BPR이 주목받고 있으며 최근에는 비지니스 프로세스의 속도향상과 기술자의 생산성 향상을 목적으로 작업흐름 관리와 자동화에 특히 관심이 집중되고 있다. 소프트웨어공학 분야에서도 프로세스에 초점을 맞춘 접근방법으로 소프트웨어 프로세스 공학이 주목받기 시작하고 있으며 소프트웨어의 생산성 및 품질 향상과 개발기간의 단축을 위해 소프트웨어 프로세스를 근본적으로 개혁하기 위한 방안으로 SPR에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 프로세스 리엔지니어링 방법론 확립의 일환으로서 소프트웨어 프로세스의 작업흐름 관리 시스템 구축을 위한 작업흐름 분석과 설계방안을 구축하였다. 즉, SPR 프로세스와 소프트웨어 프로세스의 구조를 모델화하는 과정과 소프트웨어 프로세스의 구조를 분석하여 소프트웨어 프로세스의 작업흐름 모델을 구축하는 작업흐름 분석 기법과 작업흐름 소프트웨어의 명세정의 기법에 대한 방안을 강구하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집C
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• pp.386-391
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• 2001

This paper presents a new two-point approximation method based on the exponential intervening variable. To avoid the lack of definition of the conventional exponential intervening variables due to zero- or negative-valued design variables the shifting level into each exponential intervening variable is introduced. Then a new quadratic approximation, whose Hessian matrix has only diagonal elements of different values, is proposed in terms of these intervening variables. These diagonal elements are computed in a closed form, which correct the typical error in the approximate gradient of the TANA series due to the lack of definition of exponential type intervening variables and their incomplete second-order terms. Also, a correction coefficient is multiplied to the pre-determined quadratic term to match the value of approximate function with that of the original function at the previous point. Finally, the authors developed a sequential approximate optimizer, solved several typical design problems used in the literature and compared these optimization results with those of TANA-3. These comparisons show that the proposed method gives more efficient and reliable results than TANA-3.