• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.106-118
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• 2009

This research is about the changes in the images of Bond and Bond Girl in '007' Series. And it examined through the social background of England from 1960s to 2000s and the costume in the film. The results were as follows: As the era of young fashion was opened after 1960, there was a big change, but Bond was expressed as a hero who had strong male chauvinism of the English aristocratic circles. However, after 1990s, he wore comfortable clothes and he underwent all sorts of hardships. On the other hand, Bond Girl had the image of a sexual target. However, after 1990s, she had sharp appearance and smart brain. Besides, she had professional ideas of a given work and she was changed into a healthy image. Second, Bond's job was an English secrete agent, but Bond Girl had no particular job in 1960s. In 1980s, various professional jobs appeared and in 1990s and 2000s, the professional job which was directly related with Bond's duties appeared. Third, Bond's upper class image was expressed by tuxedo, suit, black, gray, navy, beige, brown, and ivory. His hair was 2:8 parting or Dandy all black style produced his dignified and neat image. After 1990s, he often had casual dress, which created a comfortable image. Bond Girl was expressed feminine style by bikini, underwear, long dress, sky-blue, violet, black, simple costume. After 1990s, she wore a suite, one-piece, or a combat uniform, which showed her professionalism. especially Bond Girl's red dress was used as a psychological color to express temptation, enemy, and betray.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 1999

To enhance antibiotic function of plastic containers, many methods have been applied. Most of the methods utilize antibiotic properties of antibiotic substances such as silver containing chemicals. Sometimes antibiotic substances are used without long term stability test as food container additives. Basically, this kind of methods is not safe since it is based on the antibiotic properties of the material itself and hence direct contact between food and container additives is unavoidable to obtain antibiotic effect. In this paper, a new concept of information templation was applied to make food containers with antibiotic function. It has been known recently that water memorize informations and this information could be tempelated to other materials through appropriate methods. One of the participating company developed this method to template informations onto plastic materials. Food containers were produced using this plastic chips and experimental results showed that antibiotic functional information temptation method is effective for practical application. Results and discussions are reported in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.2 s.112
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• pp.207-216
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• 2005

Spawning behaviors of Squalidus gracilis majimae (Cyprinidae) were observed in the laboratory whose environmental factors such as light (D/L = 16 : 8), temperature ($20\;{\sim}\;24\;＾{\circ}C$), and dissolved oxygen (>8 mg $L^{-1}$) were quite regularly controlled. The behavioral patterns were categorized into three stages ofpre-spawning, spawning, and Post-spawning behaviors. In Particular, the pre-spawning stage was specified by 11 specific behavioral patterns of aggressive mating behaviors. During the spawning stage, the male and female performed four distinct spawning behaviors including sexual temptation, stimulation, egg spawning, and the separation, and randomly laid about 200 ${\sim}$ 300 eggs on the bottom substrates through the night. After finishing spawning, two adults separated toward their refuges and showed 3 types of post-spawning behaviors such as the resting, occasional eggs protecting, and the egg eating. The fish was identified as a partial-parental care species after the spawning.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1285-1294
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the predictive value of aspects of the Transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavior change as applied to smoking cessation in a rural population. Method: A convenience sample was recruited from a public health center in a community. A total of 484 participants were recruited, including 319 smokers, 116 ex-smokers and 49 non-smokers. A cross-sectional and descriptive design was used in this study. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency statistics, ANOVA and Logistic regression. Result: The major findings were 1) The participants were assessed at baseline for their current Stage of Change resulting in a distribution with $42.1\%$ in Precontemplation, $24.1\%$ in Contemplation, $9.7\%$ in Preparation, $6.2\%$ in Active, and $17.9\%$ in the Maintenance stage. 2) There were statistically significant differences of processes of change, decisional balance and situational temptation across the stages of change. 3) The main factors that affect smoking cessation were age, number of years smoking, age when began smoking, self-liberation and negative/affective situations, which combined explained $33.2\%$ of the smoking cessation. Conclusion: TTM variables measured prior to a smoking cessation program added little predictive value for cessation outcome beyond that explained by demographic and smoking history variables.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.225-233
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to analyse the factors affecting youth smoking, especially self-efficacy and perceived social norm, based on the stage of change. Methods: A self-reported survey was conducted during the period from the 21 st of April to the 17th of May, 2008. Data were collected from 10,707 students of 12 middle schools in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon. The data were analysed with SPSS/WIN 15.0. Results: The smoking possibility was 2.18 times higher in the male students than in female students, and 1.76 times higher in 8th-grade students and 2.48 times higher in 9th-grade students than in 7th-grade ones. Smoking possibility increased when students had more experience in alcohol, more friends who smoke, or worse relationship with their parents. Also this study showed that high-level self-efficacy and perceived social norm were acting as inhibiting factors of smoking. Conclusion: To reduce the youth's smoking rate, smoking prevention programs should provide educational chances to learn knowledge and skills on how to reject smoking temptation. Also, someone significant like parents should make it clear to the youth that they do not want their children to smoke.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.119
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• pp.1-33
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• 2017

This article explore the relation between meritocracy and democracy in the context of South-Korea's confucian modernity. It starts with the confirmation that South-Korea's confucian-meritocratic tradition has positive influence on democracy, in similar way as in the western countries where meritocracy was as a basis for democracy evaluated. But meritocracy has not always the positive implication for democracy. This article shows that meritocracy is in its essence 'an ideology of the betrayal' which destroy the basis of democracy through producing and justifying extreme socio-economic inequalities between citizens. But the long confucian-meritocratic tradition of East Asia makes meritocracy ideology attractive for the people, so even the temptation of the 'political meritocracy' is strong, as we see in Singapore and China. This article argues that the political meritocracy cannot be the alternative of democracy, seeks the different way to overcome the crisis of democracy than meritocracy indicate. Finally, it discusses shortly which implications this sort of relation between meritocracy and democracy for the future of South-Korean democracy can have.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2018

Southeast Asia witnessed a paradox of political stagnation and economic development in 2017. The 'dual order' of security dependence on America and economic dependence on China was sustained in East Asia. In this regard, Southeast Asia of two faces was quite similar to broader East Asia. On one hand, the old socialist group with totalitarian nostalgia lurked in the buffer zone between totalitarianism and authoritarianism, while the original capitalist group under democratic disguise roamed in the gray zone between authoritarianism and democracy. On the other, the old socialist group with the legacy of the planned economy succumbed to the temptation of the Beijing Consensus on state capitalism, while the original capitalist group with the myth of the market economy was exposed to the pressure of the Washington Consensus on liberal capitalism. The ASEAN Community representing the regional integration of Southeast Asia was caught in the strategic predicament of a looming 'new cold war' between the continental and maritime powers.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.93-103
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• 2022

Purpose: Online shopping festivals have quickly become the newest trend in online shopping worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to marketing distribution channels that traditionally emphasized traditional techniques having turned to electronic commerce platforms. Although the pandemic scenario encourages online purchasing, other factors, such as the influence of participation intention to shop during the Online Shopping Festival, must also be considered. Research design, data and methodology: Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis based on data from 121 respondents who are actively involved with online shopping activities in Klang Valley, Selangor. Results: The results of this study show that promotion categories and the perceived influence of mass participation have a significant influence on participation intention. Meanwhile, the perceived temptation of price promotion and perceived fun promotional activities did not significantly influence participation intention. Conclusions: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Stimulus-Response models to explain the factors that drive participation intention for online shopping. In practice, this study attracts and encourages customers to shop during the festival day because various attractive promotions are offered by sellers in Malaysia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.628-633
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• 2022

John Milton's 17th century epic poem, Paradise Regained, is deconstructed or re-birthed in Panter's new graphic novel, Songy of Paradise in 2017, and the most notable change comes from the main character, Jesus. In the original text, Jesus as an "anointed universal King" achieves his greatness in the progress of lonely journey, and is declared as Son of God. Therefore, Panter's description of Songy as hillbilly is quite stunning. Panter's Punk vagabond, however, shares common aspects with Milton's Jesus in terms of his stubborn resistance against Satan's temptation. Jesus and Songy succeeds in the battle against Satan leading their talk into the "failure of a conversation." This study examines how ironically this punk art embraces the original character of the grand epic while destroying it utterly.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.197-211
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• 2024

Objectives: Recovery from drug addiction often poses challenges for the recovering person. The coping mechanisms employed by these individuals to resist temptations and manage stress play a key role in the healing process. This study was conducted to explore the coping strategies or techniques that individuals with addiction use to handle stress and temptation while undergoing treatment. Methods: A qualitative meta-synthesis approach was utilized to critically evaluate relevant qualitative research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were used for article selection, with these standards applied to 4 academic databases: Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and CINAHL. The present review included studies published between 2014 and 2023, selected based on pre-established inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Studies Checklist. This review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42024497789. Results: The analysis of 13 qualifying qualitative articles revealed 5 major themes illustrating the coping mechanisms employed in the pursuit of recovery by individuals who use drugs. These themes include seeking social support, as well as psychological coping strategies, spiritual experiences, professional interventions, and the enhancement of awareness. Conclusions: Among individuals with drug addiction, coping mechanisms are crucial for resisting stress and temptations throughout the recovery process. Healthcare professionals, as medical specialists, can establish more thorough and effective plans to support these patients on their path to recovery.