• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.299-306
• /
• 2016

Body temperature (BT) monitoring in cattle could be used to early detect fever from infectious disease or physiological events. Various ways to measure BT have been applied at different locations on cattle including rectum, reticulum, milk, subcutis and ear canal. In other to evaluate the temperature stability and reliability of subcutaneous temperature (ST) in highly fluctuating field conditions for continuous BT monitoring, long term ST profiles were collected and analyzed from cattle in autumn/winter and summer season by surgically implanted thermo-logger devices. Purposes of this study were to assess ST in the field condition as a reference BT and to determine any location effect of implantation on ST profile. In results, ST profile in cattle showed a clear circadian rhythm with daily lowest at 05:00 to 07:00 AM and highest around midnight and rather stable temperature readings (mean${\pm}$standard deviation [SD], $37.1^{\circ}C$ to $37.36^{\circ}C{\pm}0.91^{\circ}C$ to $1.02^{\circ}C$). STs are $1.39^{\circ}C$ to $1.65^{\circ}C$ lower than the rectal temperature and sometimes showed an irregular temperature drop below the normal physiologic one: 19.4% or 36.4% of 54,192 readings were below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Thus, for BT monitoring purposes in a fever-alarming-system, a correction algorithm is necessary to remove the influences of ambient temperature and animal resting behavior especially in winter time. One way to do this is simply discard outlier readings below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ resulting in a much improved mean${\pm}$SD of $37.6^{\circ}C{\pm}0.64^{\circ}C$ or $37.8^{\circ}C{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$, respectively. For location the upper scapula region seems the most reliable and convenient site for implantation of a thermo-sensor tag in terms of relatively low influence by ambient temperature and easy insertion compared to lower scapula or lateral neck.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 1996.11a
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 1996

The objective of this research is to study on the formations of thermal stratification in a room in case of several furniture fires such as trashcan, chair, carpet, sofa, mattress and wardrobe as a fire starter in a residential room by performing the experimental studies. The uniformly distributed fire in case of carpet showed that the ignition and the initial growth period were relatively short while the fully developed period was considerably long. The concentrated fires such as the mattress and wardrobe showed that the ignitions and the initial growth periods were relatively long. When fire spread to only one direction, like the case for the trashcan with a regular shape, there was one peak of temperature profile, and for the irregular shaped furniture such as chair, sofa, mattress and wardrobe, there were two or more peaks. The interface heights for the furniture fires were around 1(m) mataining constant state. However, at the time of the maximum temperature, the interface height was lowered to 0.25(m)-0.75(m) from the floor

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1997.04a
• /
• pp.330-333
• /
• 1997

The thermal impact of mica/epoxy paper(130${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) is investigated using XRD, DSC and TGL X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis was performed to know the position and structure of mica crystal in insulation materials. A differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) was used to measure glass transition temperature and excess enthalphy of the composite materials that had been subjected to thermal aging. The glass transition temperature(T$_{g}$) measured by DSC is observed at 95.43$^{\circ}C$ and 113.43$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The T$_{g}$ also increases with increased aging time. Measurements performed by TGA(thermogravimetric analysis) have showed that weight loss profile of sound specimens are lower than those aged.ged.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.28 no.12
• /
• pp.116-123
• /
• 2014

In case of power electronics, th power loss and EMI noise of IGBT is different depends on a adopting technology with the same power rating. To reduce the EMI noise, we could increase the resistance of gate. But in this case, the power loss of IGBT is increased, In this paper, we simulated the power loss of IGBT with the speed profile of elevator by the changing IGBT type, the voltage between gate and emitter, the resistance of gate in converter and inverter for elevator. To optimize the power electronics with the satisfied life time, It is necessary that we calculate the power loss and the rise of temperature in IGBT with the adopting technology type, the resistence of gate, the voltage between gate and emitter.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.487-492
• /
• 2000

The combustion characteristics of a mixture of acetaldehyde, oxygen and argon behind a reflected shock wave at temperatures ranging from 1320 to 1897 K at 100 torr were studied. The emission from the OH radical at 306.4 nm and the pressure profile behind the reflected shock were measured to monitor ignition delay time. The ignition delay times were computed from a proposed mechanism of 110 elementary reactions involving 34 species. The simulation and sensitivity analysis confirm that the main channel for oxidation of acetaldehyde at high temperature consists of the Rice-herzfeld mechanism, the decomposition and oxidation of HCO, and the reaction of H with $O_2$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.493-508
• /
• 2023

Round timber materials of 600 mm length, cut from large-cross-section round timber of red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) of 450 mm width and 4.2 m length, were prepared as the target of kiln drying in this study. After treating the target materials through end sealing (ES), end sealing - kerfing (ES-K), lateral sealing - end sealing - boring (LS-ES-B), or lateral sealing - partial end sealing (LS-PES), the effects of the treatment on the incidence of drying defects were determined. The target materials with exposed lateral surface and sealed cross surface were steamed at the initial temperature of 65℃ above the official pest control temperature of 56℃, followed by kiln drying toward the final temperature of 75℃. The target materials with sealed lateral surfaces, on the other hand, were dried at the initial temperature of 90℃ at almost the maximum temperature of conventional kiln drying, as there is no risk of early check formation caused by surface moisture evaporation. The final temperature was set at approximately 100℃. The drying time, taken for the target materials with initial moisture content of 70%-80% to reach the target moisture content of 19%, varied across treatment conditions. The measured drying time was 1,146 hours (approximately 48 days) for the timber with sealed cross surface and 745 hours (approximately 31 days) for the timber with sealed lateral surface, until the moisture content reached the target level. The formation of surface checks could not be prevented in the control and ES groups, but a definite preventive effect was obtained for the LS-ES-B and LS-PES groups.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.82-93
• /
• 2018

Resistivity monitoring data at embankment dams are affected by the seasonal temperature variation. Especially when the seasonal temperature variation is large like Korea, the temperature effects may not be ignored in the longterm resistivity monitoring. Therefore, temperature effects can make it difficult to accurately interpret the resistivity monitoring data. In this study, through analyzing the time series of ground temperature collected at an embankment dam, ground temperature variations are calculated approximately. Then, based on the calculated temperature profile with depth, the inverted resistivity model of the embankment dam is corrected to remove the temperature effects. From these corrections, it was confirmed that the temperature effects are significant in the upper, superficial part of the dam, but can be ignored at depth. However, temperature correction based only on the temperature distribution in the dam body cannot remove the temperature effect thoroughly. To overcome this problem, the effect of temperature variation in the reservoir water seems to be incorporated together with the air temperature variation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 1993

The procedure using equivalent time at reference temperature has been assessed for the estimation of kinetic parameters with experimental data. Kinetic studies of nonenzymatic browning reaction in model and food system were carried out with linearly increasing temperature method. These kinetic parameters, n, $k_{ref}$ and $E_a$ of the systems were evaluated from original data in one step by nonlinear least square regression. The one step procedure yielded efficiently accurate parameter estimation. Computer simulated data with the kinetic models were well consistent with experimental data (average correlation coefficient=0.96).

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.141-164
• /
• 2018

In this paper, the thermal effect on buckling and free vibration characteristics of functionally graded (FG) size-dependent Timoshenko nanobeams subjected to an in-plane thermal loading are investigated by presenting a Navier type solution for the first time. Material properties of FG nanobeam are supposed to vary continuously along the thickness according to the power-law form and the material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent. The small scale effect is taken into consideration based on nonlocal elasticity theory of Eringen. The nonlocal equations of motion are derived based on Timoshenko beam theory through Hamilton's principle and they are solved applying analytical solution. According to the numerical results, it is revealed that the proposed modeling can provide accurate frequency results of the FG nanobeams as compared to some cases in the literature. The detailed mathematical derivations are presented and numerical investigations are performed while the emphasis is placed on investigating the effect of the several parameters such as thermal effect, material distribution profile, small scale effects, aspect ratio and mode number on the critical buckling temperature and normalized natural frequencies of the temperature-dependent FG nanobeams in detail. It is explicitly shown that the thermal buckling and vibration behaviour of a FG nanobeams is significantly influenced by these effects. Numerical results are presented to serve as benchmarks for future analyses of FG nanobeams.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.70-81
• /
• 2010

A mathematical model is formulated to study the effect of wall mass on the thermal performance of four different houses of different construction. This analytical study was motivated by the experimental work of Burch et al. An analytical solution of one -dimensional, linear, partial differential equation for wall temperature profiles and room air temperatures is obtained using the Laplace transform method. Typical Meteorological Year data are processed to yield hourly average monthly values. These discrete data are then converted to a continuous, time dependent form using a Fast Fourier Transform method. This study is conducted using weather data from four different locations in the United States: Albuquerque, New mexico; Miami, Florida; Santa Maria, California; and Washington D.C. for both winter and summer conditions. A computer code is developed to calculate the wall temperature profile, room air temperature, and energy consumption loads. Three sets of results are calculated one for no auxiliary energy and two for different control mechanism -- an on-off controller and a proportional controller. Comparisons are made for the cases of two controllers. Heavy weight houses with insulation in mild weather areas (such as August in Santa Maria, California) show a high comfort level. Houses using proportional control experience a higher comfort level in comparison to houses using on-off control. The result shows that there is an effect of mass on the thermal performance of a heavily constructed house in mild weather conditions.