• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2001

The neurofibromatosis (NF) are a set of genetic disorders which cause tumors to grow along various types of nerves and, in addition, can affect the development of non-nervous tissues such as bones and skin. NF causes tumors to grow anywhere on or in the body. It also leads to developmental abnormalities. For example, individuals with NF have a higher incidence of learning disabilities. Neurofibromatosis(NF) has been classified into two distinct types: NF-I and NF-II. neurofibromatosis 1(NF-I), also known as von Recklinghausen NF or Peripheral NF, occurring in 1:4,000 births, is characterized by multiple cafe-au-lait spots and neurofibromas on or under the skin. Enlargement and deformation of bones and curvature of the spine (scoliosis) may also occur. Occasionally, tumors may develop in the brain, on cranial nerves, or on the spinal cord. About 50% of people with NF also have learning disabilities. Neurofibromatosis 2(NF-II), also known as Bilateral Acoustic NF(BAN), is much rarer occurring in 1:50,000 births. NF-II is characterized by multiple tumors on the cranial and spinal nerves, and by other lesions of the brain and spinal cord. Tumors affecting both of the auditory nerves are the hallmark. Hearing loss beginning in the teens or early twenties is generally the first symptom. We reported a 10-year-old female patient with NF-I, she has pain and edema in left leg, no symptoms of NF.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.328-338
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• 2014

최근 들어 우리나라의 음반시장과 광고시장에서 아이돌이 차지하는 비중은 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 아이돌 팬들이 아이돌을 우상화하는 요인들을 살펴보았고, 이러한 요인들이 10대 팬과 20대팬 간 차이가 있는지를 분석하였다. 그리고 아이돌 우상화의 요인들이 아이돌 우상화를 매개로 하여 아이돌이 광고하는 상품의 구매의도에 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 아이돌 팬들은 아이돌 가수들의 목소리가 좋고 공연무대에 매력을 느낄수록 아이돌을 우상화하는 경향이 있었고, 아이돌에 대한 주위의 평가와 아이돌의 노래, 춤, 화술 등 아이돌의 표현방법이 좋을수록 우상화하는 경향이 높았다. 한편 20대 팬들은 10대 팬들에 비해 아이돌의 표현방법이 좋을수록 아이돌을 우상화하는 경향이 더욱 높았다. 또한 팬들은 아이돌을 허구의 연애상대로 상상할 수 있을 때 더 우상화 하는 것으로 나타났고, 아이돌 우상화의 요인들은 아이돌 광고상품 구매의도에 직, 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.519-532
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of dietary habits, snacks, eating out and fast-food intake between students with a relatively early sexual maturity and others with a relatively late sexual maturity in a bid to grasp the impact of dietary behaviors on sexual maturity. The subjects in this study were 565 boys and girls who resided in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. They included fifth- and sixth-grade school children and seventh-grade middle school students. To classify the selected students according to the level of sexual maturity, the students of the same month age were divided into two groups in consideration of the stage of their sexual maturity and that of the other age groups. The early mature group was significantly taller and weighed more than the late mature group irrespective of gender. According to Tanner stages, the boys of the early mature group reached a 3.03 stage of sexual maturity when the sexual organs were taken into account, and those of the late mature group reached a 1.50 stage of sexual maturity. The girls of the early mature group reached a 3.43 stage of sexual maturity on the basis of breast, and those of the late mature group reached a 2.73 stage of sexual maturity. Concerning eating out, the early mature group ate out more frequently than the late mature group. In regard to snacks, the early mature group had a snack more often. The findings of the study indicated that there were differences in physical development and some dietary behaviors according to sexual maturity. The early mature group had a snack and ate out relatively more often than the late mature group, which showed that some dietary behaviors had an impact on the sexual maturity of the teens who arrived at the age of puberty.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2020

본 연구는 재활용수의 선택적 자동공급이 가능한 플라스틱류 양변기 소비자 선호도에 관한 연구로서 연구분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별, 연령대별 플라스틱류 양변기 디자인 외형에 대한 선호도는 성별에서는 남녀 모드 C 타입을 선호하였고, 카이제곱 검정결과 자유도가 2일 때 유의확률은 .044로 유의성이 P<.05이므로 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 확인 할 수 있었다. 연령에서는 10대, 40대, 50대 이상은 C 타입, 20대, 30대는 B 타입을 선호하는 것으로 분석되었으나 통계적으로 유의하지 못한 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 일반적 특성에 따른 외형디자인 기준에 대한 선호도의 집단 간 차이는 성별, 연령, 지역, 학력, 연봉에서모두 안정성(안정적인 외관)을 선호하였으나, 카이제곱 검증 결과, 통계적으로 유의하지 못한 것으로 나타나 집단 간 차이는 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 플라스틱류 소재의 양변기를 제품화함으로써 주요 생산경비 절감 등 경쟁력 및 생산성 향상을 높이는데 본 연구의 시사점이 있다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and radiographic characteristics of the nuchal ligament ossification on lateral cephalometric radiographs in Koreans. Subjects and Method: I review and interpreted the lateral cephalometric radiographs from 4,558 patients (1,857 males and 2,701 females, age range from 2 to 79 years) who visited the Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital from January 1, 2008 to February 3, 2009. I grouped the shapes of nuchal ligament ossification as round, rod-like, and segmented shape. And localized the ossification as the involvement of anterior cervical vertebral body. The data were analyzed by using chi-squared test with two-tailed and at a 5% significance level. Results: Among those who showed the nuchal ligament ossification, he mean age of the 143 males was 51.1 and that of the 97 females was 48.0 years. It as not observed completely below teens, and was observed 1% in twenties, 6.1% in thirties, 18.6% in forties, and 26.3% over fifties. It was significantly prevalent in older age group (P<0.01) and in males than females among the same age group (P<0.05). The shapes of nuchal ligament ossification were as follows in order of frequency: rod-like (49.2%), round (30.4%), and segmented (20.4%). The highest involvement of ossification as found at the level of C5 (67.9%), C4 (29.2%), C6 (22.9%), C3 (3.3%), C7 (2.9%), C2 (0.8%), and C1 (0.4%). Conclusion: The nuchal ligament ossifications on lateral cephalometric radiographs were showed as round, rod-like, or segmented shape. The nuchal ligament ossification is often observed after the age of 40 and is observed more frequently in males than females. The highest shape of nuchal ligament ossification was rod-like shape and the highest involvement of cervical spine was C5.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2008

Objective : In treatment of lumbar spine herniation of nucleus pulpous, the different result in accordance with difference of sex, age, medical history, part, or type. Methods : After 49 patients who were diagnosed as HNP of L-spine were grouped by sex, age, medical history, part, or type, they were compared and analyzed on the basis of difference between measuring VAS and ODI as they were hospitalized and as they were discharged. Results : 1. In terms of differences by gender, males' average degree of VAS improvement was 63.92 and females' average degree of VAS improvement was 59.8. Also, Males' average ODI improvement index was 12.36 and females' average ODI improvement index was 12.5. 2. In terms of differences by age, Teens recorded highest degree of VAS improvement and ODI improvement index. 3. In terms of differences by medical history, Most acute or acute patients showed higher degree of VAS improvement and ODI improvement index than subacute or chronic patients. 4. There were no significant distinguishing markscomparing between one diseased part and other. 5. As the research that focused on different type, Extrusion type had better improvement by medical treatment than Protrusion type. Conclusion : This research drew the result as above, but recognizable statistical relation could not be found in the result. Therefore there needs much sustainable research to deduce meaningful result.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2006

본 연구는 울산대학교의 상징 동물인 기린의 캐릭터를 디자인하여 대학 홍보와 상품화에 적용하기 위한 새로운 브랜드 제안이다. 현재 10대에서 30대 중반까지의 남성들은 인터넷게임과 애니메이션 등을 통해 캐릭터를 접하며 여기에서 파생된 상품 또한 많이 구매한다. 여성의 경우 초등학생부터 직장인에 이르기까지 문구류에서 옷, 인형 등의 다양한 캐릭터 상품들을 구매하고 있다. 하지만 현재 각 대학의 특성을 살린 캐릭터를 제작하여 홍보에 활용하거나 상품화를 하는 대학은 많지 않다. 이러한 시점에 우수신입생 유치와 재학생의 애교심을 높이기 위해 캐릭터를 활용한 친근감 있는 새로운 브랜드개발은 즐거움을 전달하는 매체가 될 것이다. 울산대학교만의 특색 있는 캐릭터의 개발은 라이선싱을 통해 다양한 상품화에 활용될 수 있다. 또한 캐릭터를 활용한 친근한 브랜드는 재미(fun)와 이야기(story)의 스킨이미지(skin-image)로 제작되어 인터넷 홈페이지를 통해 확산됨으로서, 소비자의 브랜드개성과 일치되어 대학홍보에 크게 기여하게 될 것이다.

• 감성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2004

시장의 글로벌화는 시장환경을 급격히 변화시키고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 이에 부응하여 디자인을 통해 글로벌경쟁우위를 차지하려 노력하는 글로벌 기업들을 위해 글로벌 디자인 프로세스를 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구는 글로벌 소비자문화의 의미구조와 이동의 관점에서 글로벌 세분시장을 구성하는 글로벌 소비자문화, 글로벌 디자인 및 글로벌 세분시장을 구성하는 소비자간의 순환적 인과구조를 규명하여 글로벌 디자인을 위한 새로운 연구의 틀을 창조한다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 소비자들이 선호하는 디자인을 위해서 글로벌 소비자문화-기반 글로벌 디자인 프로세스를 제안하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구목적을 위해 먼저 글로벌 세분시장과 글로벌 소비자, 글로벌 소비자문화 및 글로벌 디자인을 고찰한다. 그 다음 이들 간의 인과구조를 규명하기 위해 이론적 고찰로서 McCraken의 제품의 문화적 의미구조와 이동에 관한 이론을 적용하여 그것을 바탕으로 연구의 틀을 구성한다. 그리고 글로벌 소비자문화 중 10대 청소년의 글로벌 문화에 대한 2차 자료를 바탕으로 사례연구를 진행한다 마지막으로 연구의 결과로서 글로벌 소비자문화-기반 글로벌 디자인 전략을 제안하고 미래 연구를 위한 방향을 논의한다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.130-139
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• 2006

This study was conducted to survey and analyze the preference, and acceptance of smart clothing to the consumers with different age. A questionnaire with the objects of 530 consumers from the teens to the forties, in order to utilize the characteristics of consumers as basic materials for the planning of smart clothing, which is reasonably designed to have both of function and fashion, by checking the characteristics of consumers. The results are as follows; 1. The interest degree of fashion was the highest in the 20's and the acceptance degree showed the medial frequency in all age groups. In terms of the analysis result regarding general persons and professionals, professionals showed higher frequency distribution in both interest degree and acceptance degree than general persons. 2. When a comparison for each age, general person, and professional was made, more than the majority of all could not recognize the terms and concept about the smart clothing, but in terms of the favorable impression, more than the majority answered that it interests them. 3. More than the majority of the objects of this survey responded that they have a purchase intention and in terms of the desired purchase price, the price below 500,000 won showed the most frequency. In terms of the reason of wearing the smart clothing, they responded that they can select needed functions, and in terms of an occurring problem, they answered that it is the high cost of economic burdens.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2011

Purpose: The human face is the most exposed part of the body, and in patients with simple or complex trauma from traffic accidents, industrial calamities, sports injuries, human assaults, and daily accidents, facial trauma occupies an important portion. The etiology of facial trauma vary on a society's economic, cultural, and environmental status. Methods: Regarding patients who were admitted from between the years 2000 to 2009 at the Hanyang University hospital, the authors studied how the changes in the economic status in the past 10 years of our country influences the incidence of facial bone fractures. Results: In this study, 1) The unemployment rate showed a strong negative relationship with the total number of inpatients with facial bone fractures, the number of male patients, the number of female patients, the number of patients with facial bone fractures caused by fall down, the number of patients who were admitted for shorter than 7 days, and the number of the facial bone fracture patients with their age in the twenties. 2) The consumer price index showed a strong positive relationship with the number of female patients, the number of patients who were admitted for shorter than 7 days, and the number of the facial bone fracture patients with their age in the teens and fifties. Conclusion: Looking at the results of correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with economic indicators, the unemployment rate showed negative influence to the total number of inpatients with facial bone fractures, and the number of inpatients with facial bone fractures caused by fall down, with statistical significance.