• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.126-129
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• 2022

Background: The problem with current dental hygienist education is that it operates as an education system based on the national examination rather than on a practical basis; thus, graduates have difficulties in practice after obtaining their license. This study aimed to propose a job-oriented curriculum by analyzing the links between the task analysis of Korean dental hygienists and dental hygiene learning goals. Methods: This study performed a relationship analysis based on a second job analysis study of dental hygienists conducted by the Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute and the learning goals of the Korean Dental Hygiene Faculty Association. Results: Based on the links between the task and learning goals of the dental hygienist, they were classified into six types: 1) tasks listed in the license exam and learning goal, 2) tasks not listed in the license exam but listed in learning goals, 3) tasks not listed in learning goals, 4) learning goals not related to tasks, 5) learning goals listed in a few tasks, and 6) tasks related to several learning goals. The results showed that most of them correspond to the 5th classification, followed by the 3rd and 4th categories, which are mostly basic science learning goals. Tasks without learning goals are not included in the curriculum; thus, the curriculum needs to be supplemented. The overlapping learning goals of several subjects for one job skill must be reduced in job-oriented education. Conclusion: We suggest that the dental hygiene curriculum be developed based on task analysis and reflected in the national dental hygienist exam. The clinical practice performance of dental hygienists will take further leap forward through task-oriented education.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.56-60
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• 1997

The study of human erroneous actions has traditionally taken place along two different lines of approach. One has been concerned with finding and explaining the causes of erroneous actions, such as studies in the psychology of "error". The other has been concerned with the qualitative and quantitative prediction of possible erroneous actions, exemplified by the field of human reliability analysis (HRA). Another distinction is also that the former approach has been dominated by an academic point of view, hence emphasising theories, models, and experiments, while the latter has been of a more pragmatic nature, hence putting greater emphasis on data and methods. We have been developing a method to make predictions about error modes. The input to the method is a detailed task description of a set of scenarios for an experiment. This description is then analysed to characterise thd nature of the individual task steps, as well as the conditions under which they must be carried out. The task steps are expressed in terms of a predefined set of cognitive activity types. Following that each task step is examined in terms of a systematic classification of possible error modes and the likely error modes are identified. This effectively constitutes a qualitative analysis of the possibilities for erroneous action in a given task. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions, the data from a large scale experiment were analysed. The experiment used the full-scale nuclear power plant simulator in the Halden Man-Machine Systems Laboratory (HAMMLAB) and used six crews of systematic performance observations by experts using a pre-defined task description, as well as audio and video recordings. The purpose of the analysis was to determine how well the predictions matiched the actually observed performance failures. The results indicated a very acceptable rate of accuracy. The emphasis in this experiment has been to develop a practical method for qualitative performance prediction, i.e., a method that did not require too many resources or specialised human factors knowledge. If such methods are to become practical tools, it is important that they are valid, reliable, and robust.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.127-140
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• 1999

In order to apply three-dimensional images to industries, the possibility of realizing three-dimensional images should be ensured and when operating a task using three-dimensional images, the intention of the observer and the result of operation should be precisely related. The aim of this paper is to investigate the task performance of a human operator during operating a robot manipulator using three-dimensional and two-dimensional image displays. From the result of this research, it was found that the accuracy of robot operation in the case of using three-dimensional displays is much higher than in the case of using two-dimensional displays and the adapting time to the operating task using three-dimensional displays is shorter than that using two-dimensional displays. From such results, we concluded that the application of three-dimensional displays, which can closely reflect real environment, to industries is desirable.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.123-142
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• 2009

The present study used multi-faceted Rasch measurement to explore the characteristics and bias patterns of non-native raters when they scored L2 writing tasks. Three raters scored 254 writing tasks written by Korean university students on two topics adapted from the TOEFL Test of Written English (TWE). The written products were assessed using a five-category rating scale (Content, Organization, Language in Use, Grammar, and Mechanics). The raters only showed a difference in severity with regard to rating categories but not in task types. Overall, the raters scored Grammar most harshly and Organization most leniently. The results also indicated several bias patterns of ratings with regard to the rating categories and task types. In rater-task bias interactions, each rater showed recurring bias patterns in their rating between two writing tasks. Analysis of rater-category bias interaction showed that the three raters revealed biased patterns across all the rating categories though they were relatively consistent in their rating. The study has implications for the importance of rater training and task selection in L2 writing assessment.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.1023-1031
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• 2014

Failure analysis is necessary to clarify the root cause of a failure, predict the next time a failure may occur, and improve the performance and reliability of a system. However, it is not an easy task to analyze and interpret failure data, especially for complex systems. Usually, these data are represented using many attributes, and sometimes they are inconsistent and ambiguous. In this paper, we present a scalable approach for the analysis and interpretation of failure data of high-performance computing systems. The approach employs rough sets theory (RST) for this task. The application of RST to a large publicly available set of failure data highlights the main attributes responsible for the root cause of a failure. In addition, it is used to analyze other failure characteristics, such as time between failures, repair times, workload running on a failed node, and failure category. Experimental results show the scalability of the presented approach and its ability to reveal dependencies among different failure characteristics.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.81-100
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• 2013

In this era of cut-throat competition, innovation is a source of competitive advantage, and securing core competency through innovation plays a pivotal role in ensuring the survival and growth of an organization. In an organization, R&D team is a core division driving innovation, and creative tension and conflict among researchers fuels innovative performance. Despite heated debate over the positive and negative effects of conflict, insufficiently-identified process factors have left sophisticated mechanisms between conflicts and effects unaddressed. This study assumes that team learning behaviors can bean important process factor given that conflict propels learning, and that learning is a decisive factor in creating competitive advantage. This study conducted an empirical analysis of the relationship between relationship/task conflict and team innovative performance, and the mediating role of team learning behaviors using data collected from a questionnaire sent out to the heads of 262 R&D teams and second highest-ranking officials thereof. The analysis conducted based on structural equation model indicates that relationship conflict has negatively affected team learning behaviors, whereas task conflict has positively influenced team learning behaviors(full mediation effect), team learning behaviors has positively influenced team innovative performance. Based on these results, the study has suggested implications of intra-team conflict and team learning behaviors for team innovative performance.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.406-414
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of empowerment, task performance and job satisfaction perceived by hospital nurses and the relationship among those variables. Methods: The sample consisted of 261 nurses from a university affiliated hospital. Data were collected with self-administrated questionnaires including empowerment, performance and job satisfaction and analyzed using mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test. Results: The mean scores of variables were as follows. Empowerment was 4.6472, task performance was 3.7814, and job satisfaction was 3.1240. The older, more educated and more experienced nurses showed more empowered and higher job performed than the younger, less educated and less experienced nurses. Empowerment had a positive correlation with task performance and job satisfaction. Conclusions: The results imply that hospital should develop the empowerment program for nurses to be more job performed and satisfied.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2008

This paper deals with a performance analysis of real-time control systems, which engages DMR(dual modular redundancy) to detect transient errors and checkpointing technique to tolerate transient errors. Transient errors are caused by transient faults and the most significant type of errors in reliable computer systems. Transient faults are assumed to occur according to a Poisson process and to be detected by a dual modular redundant structure. In addition, an equidistant checkpointing strategy is considered. The probability of the successful task completion in a real-time control system where periodic checkpointing operations are performed during the execution of a real-time control task is derived. Numerical examples show how checkpoiniting scheme influences the probability of task completion. In addition, the result of the analysis is compared with the simulation result.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify tasks performed by patient safety personnel using importance-performance analysis. Methods: An online survey was conducted during a mandatory educational course. The questionnaire consisted of 43 items categorized into four subscales: management of patient safety accidents, education of healthcare personnel, education of patients and guardians, and patient safety activities. Importance-performance analysis was employed to ascertain the relationship between the importance and performance of tasks conducted by patient safety personnel. Results: A total of 145 patient safety personnel participated in the survey. The perceived importance of tasks by participants averaged 3.67 out of four, while the average performance was 3.40 out of four, indicating a significant difference (t=8.04, p<.001). Activities such as collecting patient safety reports, conducting root-cause analyses, and educating new employees were identified as low-performance tasks compared to their perceived importance. Conclusion: Tasks recognized as having low importance but high performance among patient safety personnel should be addressed through increased awareness and education. Analyzing the causes of tasks with low importance and performance is crucial for recognizing their importance and implementing improvement measures.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.189-201
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop the nursing management core task and competency matrix for hospital unit managers. The perceived level of importance and performance of identified core competencies by unit managers were also investigated. Methods: Literature review and expert survey identified nursing management core task and competencies. Subsequently, the core task and competency matrix was developed and validated by expert panel. A survey of 196 nurse managers from 3 cities identified perceived importance and performance of core competiences. Results: Thirty-eight nursing management core task and thirty-seven nursing management core competencies were identified comprising five categories; Clinical practice knowledge, Evidence-based practice, Employee development, Strategic planning and Initiative. Based on the core task and competencies, the task and competency matrix for unit managers was developed. In the analysis of importance and performance of core competencies, the mean score of importance ($3.50{\pm}0.30$) was higher than the mean score of performance ($3.03{\pm}0.34$). Conclusion: The development of core task and competencies for unit managers in hospitals provides a guide for the development and evaluation of programs designed to increase competence of unit managers.