• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 2005

The effects on memory and learning ability of the Korean herbal medicine, Xingyo-tang(XGT, 神交湯), which consists of Ginseng Radix(人蔘) 4 g, Liriopis Tuber(麥門冬) 40 g, Morindae Officinalis Radix(巴戟天) 40 g, Biotae Semen(柏子仁) 20 g, Dioscoreae Rhizoma(山藥) 40 g, Euryales Semen(?實) 20 g, Scrophulariae Radix(玄蔘) 40 g, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix(丹蔘) 12 g, Poria(茯神) 12 g, Cuscutae Semen(免絲子) 40 g, was investigated. The effects of XGT on learning and memory performance were examined in normal or memory impaired mice by using avoidance tests, Pentobarbital -induced sleep test, fear conditioning task, novel object recognition task, and water maze task. Hot water extract from XGT was used for the studies. Learning ability and memory are based on modifications of synaptic strength among neurons that are simultaneously active. Enhanced synaptic coincidence detection leads to better learning and memory. The XGT-treated (30 mg/100 g and 60 mg/100 g, p.o.) mice exhibit superior ability in learning and memorizing when performing various behavioral tasks. XGT did not affect the passive avoidance responses of normal mice in the step through and step down tests, the conditioned and unconditioned avoidance responses of normal mice in the shuttle box, lever press performance tests, and the ambulatory activity of normal mice in normal condition. In contrast, XGT produced ameliorating effects on the memory retrieval impairment induced by ethanol. XGT also improved the memory consolidation disability induced by electric convulsive shock (ECS). XGT extended the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital dose-dependently, suggesting its transquilizing or antianxiety action. These results suggest that XGT has an improving effect on the impaired learning through the effects on memory registration and retrieval.

• 인지과학
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2004

한글단어가 음운경로를 통해 처리되는지 아닌지를 알아보고 단어재인의 어느 단계에서 음운 정보의 영향을 주로 받는지 알아보기 위하여, 1음절 단어를 사용하고 철자를 지연시키는 실험올 하였다. 두 개의 초점조건은 옴가가 있는 철자를 지연시키거나 묵음을 지연시키는 조건이었다. 실험 1에서는 음운정보가 단어재인 초기에 영향을 미치는지 또는 후기 과정에서 영향을 미치는지 알아 보기 위하여, 점화자극을 l50ms와 250ms로 제시한 명명과제를 실시하였다, 그 결과 150ms로 점화자극 을 제시하였을 때에는 음가조건파 정화자극제시여부간의 유의한 상호작용이 나타나 묵음조건에서는 점화자극 제시에 따라 목표자극이 촉진된 반면 유음조건에서는 점화자극 제시에 따른 효과가 없었다. '반면, 250ms로 정화자극이 제시되었을 때에는 유의한 상호작용효파가 나타나지 않았다. 실험 2에서는 어휘 판단과제를 통해 실험 1의 결과가 일반화되는지를 살펴보았다 그 결과, 실험l과 마찬가지로 150ms로 정화자극을 제시하였을 때에는 음가조건과 점화자극제시여부 간의 유의한 상호작용이 나타났으나, 점화자극을 250ms로 제시한 경우에는 유의한 상호작용이 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 한글단어가 음운경로를 통해 처리되고, 주로 단어재인과정의 초기 단계에서 음운정보가 개입함을 시사한다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
• /
• pp.291-295
• /
• 2007

FTL(Fuel Test Loop) is a facility that confirms performance of nuclear fuel at a similar irradiation condition with that of nuclear power plant. FTL consists of In-Pile Test Section (IPS) and Out-Pile System (OPS). FTL construction work began on August, 2006 and ended on March, 2007. During Construction, ensuring the worker's safety was the top priority and installation of the FTL without hampering the integrity of the HANARO was the next one. Task Force Team was organized to do a construction systematically and the communication between members of the task force team was done through the CoP(community of Practice) notice board provided by the Institute. The installation works were done successfully overcoming the difficulties such as on the limited space, on the radiation hazard inside the reactor pool, and finally on the shortening of the shut down period of the HANARO. Without a sweet of the workers of the participating company of HEC(Hyundae Engineering Co, Ltd), HDEC(HyunDai Engineering & Construction Co. Ltd), equipment manufacturer, and the task force team, it is not possible to install the FTL facility within the planned shutdown period. The Commissioning of the FTL is on due to check the function and the performance of the equipment and the overall system as well. The FTL shall start operation with high burn up test fuels in early 2008 if the commissioning and licensing progress on schedule.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 소프트웨어(SW) 교육에서 과정중심 평가를 지원하기 위한 디버깅 과제를 개발하고 서비스하는 사이트를 개발하는 것이다. 초등학교와 중학교 SW교육과정 중 프로그래밍 영역의 성취기준을 살펴보면 반복, 조건과 같은 제어구조를 구현하는 것과 변수, 입출력과 같은 요소로 구성되어 있다. 교육부에서 제시하는 과정중심 평가를 적용하기 위해서는 실제 수업환경에서 활용할 수 있는 과제를 제시하고, 성취수준과의 연계를 고려해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 디버깅 과제로 초등학교용 12과제, 중학교용 15과제를 개발하고 그 타당도를 검증하였다. 타당도 검증을 위해서 델파이 검증을 실시한 결과, 디버깅 과제의 수준과 내용이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 디버깅 챌린지 사이트의 사용성을 휴리스틱 평가법으로 검증한 결과 양호한 수준으로 나타나, 실제 교육현장에서 활용하기에 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘텐츠학회 2010년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.200-203
• /
• 2010

원활한 교통을 방해하는 요인으로 도로공사, 도로와 인접한 곳에서의 건축공사, 대규모 상업시설(백화점,대형마트,경기장,콘서트장 등), 주차장 이용을 위한 차량의 빈번한 출입 등을 들 수 있으며, 이러한 요인으로 발생한 인명사고 및 교통정체는 결국 사회적 경제적으로 막대한 비용 지출이라는 결과를 초래하게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 일본은 1972년 교통유도경비 업무라는 경비업무를 도입하였다. 업무내용으로는 앞서 언급한 문제요인 발생 지역에 해당 업무를 실시함으로써 교통정체지역의 원활한 교통흐름 유도, 보행자 및 차량의 유도로 사고위험 경감 등의 효과를 나타내고 있다. 또한, 2009년 12월 기준 일본 전체 경비업체 8,924개 중 59.6%(5,317개)가 교통유도경비업체로 등록되어 있을 정도로 도입이후 급신장한 일본의 경비업무이다. 반면 한국은 원활한 교통을 방해하는 요인에 대한 대책마련 요구가 있음에도 불구하고 제도 및 안전 관리대책에 한계를 들어내고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일본에서 시행되고 있는 교통유도경비 제도를 한국의 현재 실태 분석과 함께 향후 민 관상호가 협력적으로 협의하여 실현 가능토록하기 위한 법적제도 및 교육제도에 대하여 방안을 제안하였다.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of brain activity between internet game overusers in adulthood and normal adults in a state of disembodiment. Methods The fMRI images were taken while the internet game overuser group (n = 14) and the control group (n = 15) were asked to perform the task composed of ball-throwing animations. The task reflected on either self-agency about ball-throwing or location of a ball. And each block was shown with either different (changing viewpoint) or same animations (fixed viewpoint). The disembodiment-related condition was the interaction between agency task and changing viewpoint. Results 1) In within-group analyses, the control group exhibited higher brain activation in the left precentral gyrus, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the left insula. And the overuser group exhibited higher activation in the right cuneus, the left posterior middle occipital gyrus, and the left parahippocampal gyrus. 2) In between-group analyses, the control group exhibited higher activation in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus. And the overuser group exhibited higher activation in the left cuneus, and the left posterior middle occipital area. Conclusions These results show that the disembodiment-related brain activation of internet game overusers in adulthood is different from that of normal adults.

• 인지과학
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2002

맥락에 대한 의미적인 처리가 암묵기억의 수행에 어떠한 영향을 주는지에 관해서는 상반된 의견이 존재한다. 전이적합성처리 이론에 의하면 암묵기억은 지각적 처리에 주로 의존하기 때문에 맥락에 대한 의미처리가 기억수행에 영향을 미치지 않아야 한다(예, Blaxton, 1989). 반면 의미-특정적 이론에 의하면 암묵기억에서도 부호화 시 제시된 의미적 맥락에 대한 처리가 이루어지기 때문에 맥락에 대한 지각적 처리와 의미적 처리 모두 암묵기억 과제의 수행에 영향을 줄 것으로 예상한다(Lewandowsky 등, 1989). 본 연구는 부호화 시 혹은 부호화 시와 인출 시 제시되었던 맥락에 대한 의미적인 처리가 암묵기억의 과제 수행에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 실험 1과 2에서는 우세 혹은 비우세 의미맥락을 지닌 동음이의어를 이용하여 학습 시와 검사 시의 맥락의 의미적 처리가 암묵기억 및 외현기억에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 그 결과 학습과 검사 시의 의미맥락의 변화는 외현기억의 수행에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으나 암묵기억 검사에서는 수행상의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 실험 3과 4에서는 Jacoby(1991)의. 처리-해리 절차를 사용하여 실험 1과 2 각각의 과제에서 통제처리와 자동처리의 효과를 분리하여 측정하였다. 그 결과, 암묵기억 검사 시 맥락 단서로 문장이 사용되면 통제처리의 영향이 증가됨을 보였으며, 이는 암묵기억의 요소 중에 의식적으로 통제되어 처리되는 부분은 의미적 맥락에 민감하게 영향을 받고 있음을 의미한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.395-401
• /
• 2011

Objective: This study examined the effects of working chair that was developed for farmers who work in grapevine's cluster thinning. Background: Agricultural work involves some of the nation's highest occupational risk exposures. Fruit cultivation has been recognized as one of the most hazardous crops in which to work. Grapevine cluster thinning task involve activities related to the main risk factors associated with upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Method: An experiment was designed to test the working chair. Six healthy male($25.8{\pm}4.9years$) were selected as the subjects for this study. Electromyography(EMG) was used to monitor the muscles activity, and Electro-goniometer was used to measure the ranges of motions of the elbow, trunk and knee. Subjective test was also carried out to examine discomfort body parts and their pain intensity. A grapevine's working space was built for the experiment and working chair was installed on it. In order to examine the muscle activity and range of motion, subjects used to the working chair for 30 minutes for each experimental condition. Another test without working chair was also performed for comparison. %MVC was used to quantify the level of muscle activity. Results: Decreases of muscle activity was found in all leg muscles and significant decrease of muscle activity was found in left Gastrocnemius. The range of motion of the trunk and knee also decreased when working chair used. Discomfort in lower back, thigh and shank region were reduced significantly. However, in upper limbs muscle activity tended to increase in working chair compared with conventional task. Conclusion: Improvement for cushion in seat back and pan required to reduce discomfort in buttocks. Application: Overall findings verified that the working chair might help to prevent upper limb and lower back MSDs based on the current study. These results can be practically used for work improvement for the grapevine growers to prevent MSDs.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2022

Engagement is an important factor in the field of rehabilitation as it is a known factor that have a positive influence on functional gaining in people who receive rehabilitation therapy. Although a number of measurements for engagement have been recently developed, investigation of possible factors that may have influence on engagement is not well established. Currently available evidence suggests that engagement is affected by mood and it is hypothesized that a personal factor may contribute to engagement. Therefore, this study aims to test the hypothetical relationship between mood and engagement while performing a manual dexterity task through an experiment in healthy participants prior to investigation on people with medical condition who requires rehabilitation therapy. After inducing target mood (positive or negative mood) for study participants by asking them to recall autobiographical memories, change in muscle activity, which was operationalized as an indicator of engagement, was investigated. Electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from four muscle areas in non-dominant hand side to quantify muscle activity. The results show that the target moods were appropriately induced with the method. Although there were subtle differences in the level of engagement between different moods, certain variables derived from muscle activity were significantly different; mean amplitude for wrist extensor EMG showed significant difference between different moods (Z = -2.023, p < .05) indicating that muscle activities in the wrist extensor are greater for positive mood than negative mood region during manual dexterity task. Meanwhile, performance outcomes of Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT), such as mean completion time and number of errors, between moods showed no significant difference in two different moods, resulting in MMDT administration may not be useful task in distinguishing the level of rehabilitation engagement.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of joint position sense between measurements. Fourteen healthy male subjects were recruited for this study. The elbow joint position senses were measured using angle reproduction test. The elbow joint position sense was assessed with three experimental conditions: ipsilateral reproduction test in open-chain condition, contralateral reproduction test in open-chain condition, ipsilateral reproduction test with weight in open-chain condition and ipsilateral reproduction test in closed-chain condition. The angular difference between stimulus position and the reproduced position (angular error) was calculated in all testing conditions to examine the accuracy of the joint position sense. One way ANOVA was used to compare the error angles in all experimental conditions. The error angles between measurements were significantly different in elbow joint. The error angles was smallest in ipsilateral reproduction test with weight in open-chain condition and was greatest in the contralateral reproduction test in open-chain condition. Findings of this study indicate that testing methods, types of task, existence of resistance should be considered in clinical assessment for the joint position sense.