• Architectural research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2006

Maximizing profit is the most significant object of commercial places. Especially for some places where its atmosphere is main concern of customers like $Caf{\acute{e}}s$, interior design is crucial. Thus it needs to evaluate human emotion and preference. Human Sensibility Ergonomics which is recently signified in various fields is an attempt to quantitatively analyze factors of human sensibility and apply it to design operation. This study attempted to infuse human sensibility ergonomics into $Caf{\acute{e}}$ interior design and analyzed preferable $Caf{\acute{e}}$ interior design factors. Because most $Caf{\acute{e}}s$ have their own target customers, so we assumed four different target customer groups divided by their age and gender groups in each age group. As a result, the difference of each group could be examined. Middle-aged group and males have main interest in the intensity of luminance, i.e. the brightness, whereas youths and females attach importance to both quality of light and color. In addition, there is a tendency for middle-aged group and males to see $Caf{\acute{e}}$ as a public place while young people and females recognize $Caf{\acute{e}}$ as a place for entertainment. Taking the result of this study into consideration can lead to successful $Caf{\acute{e}}$ interior design for specific target customers.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

This study investigated whether Korean vowels, /ɨ/ and /u/, are distinctively perceived after a labial consonant given the fact that native and Sino-Korean nouns showed only vowel /u/ after a labial consonant while this pattern was massively broken by the recent introduction of loanwords. For this purpose, a perception experiment was conducted with $V_1C_1V_2$ sequences in which different vowels /a, i, u/ and consonants /p, t, k/ occurred in $V_1$ and $C_1$ before the target $V_2$, /ɨ/ and /u/. The data was produced by six speakers each from two different age groups, Age20 and Age40/50 in the read speech style. The results showed that consonant /p/ attracted significantly more responses of /u/ from /VCɨ/ sequences and significantly less responses of /u/ from /VCu/ sequence than the other consonants did in both age groups. Furthermore, Age20 group showed significantly less percentage of /u/ responses than Age40 group when the preceding consonant was /p/ regardless of the target vowel. We suggest therefore that unlike the traditional belief of labial assimilation, there is neutralization after a labial consonant in which vowels /ɨ/ and /u/ are often realized as any sound between two vowels, /ɨ/ and /u/. That is, this vowel change is not categorial but it rather produces an ambiguous stimulus which attracts different responses from different listeners. Ambiguous stimulus was produced due to coarticulatory efforts in speech production and perceptual compensation. We also argue that there is generational difference such that Age40/50 group speakers showed stronger tendency to produce /u/ after a labial consonant regardless of whether the target vowel was /ɨ/ or /u/.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제24권1_2호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2007

In this paper, we investigate optimal policies for three age-dependent populations in a competition system, which is controlled by fertility. By using Dubovitskii-Milyutin's general theory, the maximum principles are obtained for problems with free terminal states, infinite horizon and target sets, respectively.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.433-438
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• 2004

In this paper, we at first describe the linear age-dependent population system. In addition, we introduce the nonlinear population system. Using these age-dependent population systems, we evaluate the stability of these age-dependent population systems and determine the optimal birth rates that realize a target distribution which relaxes an aging population. In this paper, we focus on Japan's population and we use the amount of demographic statistics of Japan in year 2000.

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.81.1-81.1
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• 2010

We present a study of five open clusters (Alessi 53, Berkeley 49, Berkeley 84, Czernik 5, Pfleiderer 3) based on ugriz images of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Physical properties of these clusters are not yet well known. The center and size of these clusters are determined using the radial number density profile. Using the proper motion data, we select the members of the target clusters. We estimate physical parameters of the clusters based on the isochrone fitting in the Color-Magnitude Diagram (CMD) : reddening, distance, and age. The foreground reddening is determined to be E(B-V)=0.71-1.55 mag. The distances to target clusters are derived to be 2.0-4.4 kpc, corresponding to the galactocentric distances of 7.5-11.9 kpc. Their ages are in the range of 280 to 1000 Myr. Their spatial distribution in our Galaxy is similar to that of other intermediate-age open clusters. We find ten blue straggler star candidates in Berkeley 49. This number of blue stragglers is a typical value for the age of Berkeley 49.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.228-229
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• 2017

MOCK-UP TEST was conducted in the extreme region of the cement which was researched and developed by using the reducing slag Experimental results show that the basic properties (air volume, slump) are improved compared with the specimens using Mongolian cement. The compressive strength achieved the target strength (target strength: age 3day: 7MPa, age 7day 14MPa) and the hydration heat was about 8 ℃ higher than that of Mongolian cement products. Therefore, it is considered that the cement powders developed by our company showed the strength of concrete due to high hydration heat even at extreme temperatures.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.494-499
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 인간의 피부섬유모세포(Human dermal fibroblasts)로부터 확보한 전사체 정보를 활용하여 나이를 예측하는 방법을 소개한다. 제안 방법에서는 훈련을 통해 확보한 분류기 및 회귀 모델을 이용하여 샘플이 속한 적합한 연령 그룹을 선택한 후, 선택된 연령 그룹에 속하는 훈련 데이터의 관측값을 활용하여 구체적인 연령을 예측한다. 연령을 예측하려는 샘플이 입력되면 복수 개의 판별 규칙이 순서대로 실행되는데, 개별 판별 규칙에서는 분류기와 회귀 모델을 동시에 실행하여 해당 판별 규칙에 대한 선택조건이 만족되는지 여부를 확인한다. 선택 조건이 만족될 경우 판별 규칙의 타겟 연령 그룹에 속하는 데이터를 이용하여 훈련된 회귀 모델로 연령을 예측하며, 선택 조건이 만족되지 않으면 후속 판별 규칙을 실행한다. 공개 데이터에 대하여 실험한 결과 기존 연구에서 달성한 7.7년의 평균 예측 오차보다 우수한 5.7년이라는 평균 예측 오차를 달성함을 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2317-2322
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• 2015

Background: Despite the increasing number of screening examinations performed for cervical cancer utilizing the Papanicolaou smear test (Pap test), few studies have examined whether this strategy is cost-effective in Korea. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening strategies incorporating the Pap test based on age at the start and end of screening as well as screening interval. Materials and Methods: We designed four alternative screening strategies based on patient age when screening was started (20 or 30 years) and discontinued (lifetime, 79 years). Each strategy was assessed at screening intervals of 1, 2, 3, or 5 years. A Markov model was developed to determine the cost-effectiveness of the 16 possible cervical cancer screening strategies, and this was evaluated from a societal perspective. The main outcome measures were average lifetime cost, incremental quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: Compared with various strategies comprising younger starting age, discontinuation age, and longer screening intervals, strategies employing annual screening for cervical cancer starting at a target age of 30 years and above were the most cost-effective, with an ICER of 21,012.98 dollars per QALY gained (with a Korean threshold of 30,000,000 KRW or US$27,272). Conclusions: We found that annual screening for cervical cancer beginning at a target age of 30 years and above is most cost-effective screening strategy. Considering the potential economic advantages, more intense screening policies for cervical cancer might be favorable among countries with high rates of cervical cancer and relatively low screening costs.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental trends in children's gender-role flexibility across different areas of gender-role concept(appearance, activities, occupations, personality trails). Participants included 74 children(1st, 3rd, 5th graders). They were interviewed on a series of 16 pictures depicting cross-gender characteristics. Analyses revealed that (a) flexibility reached its peak at around age 8, which then remained the same except in appearance, (b) girls showed higher flexibility than boys except in occupations, (c) children showed the lowest flexibility in appearance and the highest in occupations, (d) children showed the lowest flexibility toward a male target child with cross-gender characteristic, and (e) children's justifications for flexibility were varied according to the situations. The results suggest that children's gender-role flexibility is influenced by age, sex, areas of gender-role concept, and target persons.

• 아동학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2000

This study examined the development of phonological awareness of 3-, 5-, and 7-year-old children, 20 subjects at each age level. The 3-year-olds were given 2 phoneme detection tasks and the 5- and 7-year-olds were given 5 phoneme detection tasks. In each task, the children first heard a target syllable together with 2 other syllables and were asked to tell which of the 2 syllables sounded similar to the target. Children were able to detect relatively large segments ($Consonant_1+Vowel$ or $Vowel+Consonant_2$: $C_1V$ or $VC_2$) at the age of 3 and gradually progressed to smaller sound segments(e.g., phonemes). This study indicated the Korean children detect $C_1V$ segments better than $VC_2$ segments and detect the initial consonant better than the middle vowel and the final consonant.