• Advances in nano research
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.639-652
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• 2022

The prolyl 3-hydroxylase family member 4 (P3H4), is associated with post-translational modification of fibrillar collagens and aberrantly activated in cancer leading to tumor progression. However, its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still unknown. Here we reported that P3H4 was highly expressed in renal cancer tissues and significantly positive correlated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of P3H4 inhibited the proliferation, migration and metastasis of renal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and also, overexpression of it enhanced the oncogenic process. Mechanistically, P3H4 depletion decreased the levels of GDF15-MMP9 axis and repressed its downstream signaling. Further functional studies revealed that inhibition of GDF15 suppressed renal cancer cell growth and GDF15 recombinant human protein (rhGDF15) supplementation effectively rescued the inhibitory effect induced by P3H4 knockdown. Moreover, decreased levels of MMP9 caused by inhibition of P3H4-GDF15 signaling constrained the expression of PD-L1 and suppression of P3H4 accordingly promoted anti-tumor immunity via stimulating the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in syngeneic mice model. Taken together, our findings firstly demonstrated that P3H4 promotes ccRCC progression by activating GDF15-MMP9-PD-L1 axis and targeting P3H4-GDF15-MMP9 signaling pathway can be a novel strategy of controlling ccRCC malignancy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.4102-4110
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• 2022

Aiming at high-power and long-pulse operation up to 1000 s, some improvements have been made for both 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz lower hybrid (LH) systems during the recent 5 years. At first, the guard limiters of the LH antennas with graphite tiles were upgraded to tungsten, the most promising material for plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices. These new guard limiters can operate at a peak power density of 12.9 MW/m². Strong hot spots were usually observed on the old graphite limiters when 4.6 GHz system operated with power >2.0 MW [B. N. Wan et al., Nucl. Fusion 57 (2017) 102019], leading to a reduction of the maximum power capability. With the new limiters, 4.6 GHz LH system, the main current drive (CD) and electron heating tool for EAST, can be operated with power >2.5 MW routinely. Long-pulse operation up to 100 s with 4.6 GHz LH power of 2.4 MW was achieved in 2021 and the maximal temperature on the guard limiters measured by an infrared (IR) camera was about 540 ℃, much below the permissible value of tungsten material (~1200 ℃). A discharge with a duration of 1056 s was achieved and the 4.6 GHz LH energy injected into the plasma was up to 1.05 GJ. Secondly, the fully-active-multijunction (FAM) launcher of 2.45 GHz system was upgraded to a passive-active-multijunction (PAM), for which the density of optimum coupling was relatively low (below the cut-off value). Good coupling with reflection coefficient ~3% has been achieved with plasma-antenna distance up to 11 cm for the new PAM. Finally, in order to eliminate the effect of ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wave on 4.6 GHz LH wave coupling, the location of the ICRF launcher was changed to a port that is located 157.5° toroidally from the 4.6 GHz LH system and is not magnetically connected.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.8.1-8.15
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• 2022

Background: Brucella infection induces brucellosis, a zoonotic disease. The intracellular circulation process and virulence of Brucella mainly depend on its type IV secretion system (T4SS) expressing secretory effectors. Secreted protein BspJ is a nucleomodulin of Brucella that invades the host cell nucleus. BspJ mediates host energy synthesis and apoptosis through interaction with proteins. However, the mechanism of BspJ as it affects the intracellular survival of Brucella remains to be clarified. Objectives: To verify the functions of nucleomodulin BspJ in Brucella's intracellular infection cycles. Methods: Constructed Brucella abortus BspJ gene deletion strain (B. abortus ∆BspJ) and complement strain (B. abortus pBspJ) and studied their roles in the proliferation of Brucella both in vivo and in vitro. Results: BspJ gene deletion reduced the survival and intracellular proliferation of Brucella at the replicating Brucella-containing vacuoles (rBCV) stage. Compared with the parent strain, the colonization ability of the bacteria in mice was significantly reduced, causing less inflammatory infiltration and pathological damage. We also found that the knockout of BspJ altered the secretion of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ) in host cells and in mice to affect the intracellular survival of Brucella. Conclusions: BspJ is extremely important for the circulatory proliferation of Brucella in the host, and it may be involved in a previously unknown mechanism of Brucella's intracellular survival.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.183-197
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• 1997

In order to detect the safety and effect of various aqua-acupunctures from Scutellariae Radix, the modifications of boiling, filtration and dilution were employed for the manufacture of aqua-acupunctures. We injected 0.2cc of aqua-acupunctures into Joksamri (足三里) of rat, repeatedly. We compared subacute toxicity of them with saline group, distilled water(D.W.) group, acupuncture group and control group. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The groups were all healthy and alive, and there was no special abnormality in physical condition and autopsy. And there were not any toxic symptoms in repeating application of aqua-acupunctures to the rat, including changes of body weight, organ weight, haematological examination and serum biochemical test. 2. There was slight change of body weight in acupuncture group : We could see significance after 3 days(p<0.05) and after 7 days(p<0.001) in body weight loss. After 9 days, all tested groups were suppressed in body weight increment. 3. Result of organ weight : In Palkang aqua-acupuncture(D-2 group), saline group and acupuncture group there were some statistical significance. Especially, acupuncture group revealed significant result in liver and spleen than aqua-acupunctures. From this result, we could suggest that the efficacy of acupuncture was preceded herbal medicine. 4. In serum biochemical test, we examined glucose(GLU), triglyceride(TG) and cholesterol(CHOL). In comparison with control group, the diluted 10 times of Hwanggum aqua-aqupuncture$({\times}10\;group)$ was recognized significant decrease of glucose, but the diluted 100 times of Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture$({\times}100\;group)$, D-2 group, saline group were confirmed significant increment. There was not any meaningful change of CHOL in all of tested group, excepting the acupuncture group was exhibited statistically significant decrease(p<0.05). In TG level all tested group except complex injection of standard compound(CPA group) and HG, there were significant value iii statistically. The diluted solution was more significant decrease than Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture(HG). The mutual relationship of components of aqua-acupunture tended to decrease level of TG, regardless of its concentration. In acupunture guoup, we gained some interesting result In meaningful decrease in 7G. 5. Haematological examination showed significant increment of granulocytes(GR) in all tested groups except Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture. And the diluted solutions of HG expressed very high increment of them(p<0.001). The GR and Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV) of acupuncture group showed statistical significance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.1 s.246
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

It has been known that pulsatile flow is physiologic and more favorable to tissue perfusion than nonpulsatile flow. The purpose of this study is to directly compare the effect of pulsatile versus nonpulsatile blood flow to renal tissue perfusion in extracorporeal circulation by using a tissue perfusion measurement system. Material and Method: Total cardiopulmonary bypass circuit was constructed to twelve Yorkshire swines, weighing 20$\~ $30 kg. Animals were randomly assigned to group 1 (n=6, non pulsatile centrifugal pump) or group 2 (n=6, pulsatile T-PLS pump). A probe of the tissue perfusion measurement system $(QFlow^{TM}-500)$ was inserted into the renal pa­renchymal tissue. Extracorporeal circulation was maintained for an hour at a pump flow of 2 L/min after aortic cross-clamping. Tissue perfusion flow of the kidney was measured at baseline (before bypass) and every 10 minutes after bypass. Serologic parameters were collected at baseline and 60 minutes after bypass. Result: Baseline parameters were not different between the groups. Renal tissue perfusion flow was substantially higher in the pulsatile group throughout the bypass (ranged 48.5$\~$ 64 in group 1 vs. 65.8$\~$88.3 mL/min/100 g in group 2, p=0.026$\~$ 0.45) The difference was significant at 30 minutes bypass $(47.5{\pm}18.3\;in\;group\;1\;vs.\;83.4{\pm}28.5$ mL/min/100 g in group 2, p=0.026). Serologic parameters including plasma free hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine showed no differences between the groups at 60 minutes after bypass (p=NS). Conclusion: Pulsatile flow is more beneficial to tissue perfusion of the kidney in short-term extracorporeal circulation. Further study is suggested to observe the effects to other vital organs or long-term significance.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.71-88
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• 2004

Objectives : The aims of this report are to examine the personal characteristics and to determine the different reactions against stress by constitutions. To achieve these goals, the statistical research was adopted. Methods : First of all, the total numbers of 398 middle school students were classified into three constitutions by QSCC II. According to each type of constitutions, both of the KPI Personality Test and Multidimensional Encountering Scale (MES) on how to deal with stress were conducted. Summary of the findings : 1. Based on the findings assessed by the QSCC II test, the constitutional distribution reveals the difference according to genders. In Chi-square test, the girl reveals significantly high (p<0.05) distribution in Soyangin. 2. In Independent T-test regarding KPI personality, the girl reveals high significance (p<0.05) in terms of 'Sociability', 'Responsibility', 'Synchronism' and 'Self-feminity' (or Feminization) while the boy reveals high significance in 'Goal-driven' (p<0.05). 3. In Independent T-test regarding the multidimensional encounter scaling, the girl reveals high significance (p<0.05) in D (expression of emotion). 4. In case of the boy, the Soeumin shows low significance (p<0.05) in 'Leadership' and 'Sociability' compared to the Taeumin or the Soyangin. On the other hand, the Soeumin reveals high significance (p<0.05) in 'Responsibility' and 'Self-control' compared to the Soyangin and additionally, shows high significance (p<0.05) in 'Self-feminity' (or Feminization) compared to the Taeumin or the Soyangin. Furthermore, the Soyangin shows high significance (p<0.05) in 'Self-confidence' compared to the Soeumin or the Taeumin. 5. In case of the girl, the Soyangin reveals high significance in 'Sociability' and 'Self-confidence' compared to the Soeumin or the Taeumin while the Soeumin has high significance in 'Synchronism' compared to the Taeumin or Soyangin. On the other hand, the Soeumin has high significance in terms of 'Responsibility', 'Self-control', and 'Self-feminity' (or Feminization) while showing low significance in 'Flexibility' compared to the Soyangin. 6. For boys, the Soeumin has low significance in 'Sociability' in comparison with both the Soyangin and the Taeumin, whereas for girls, the Soyangin reveals high significance in 'Sociability' in comparison with both the Soeumin and the Taeumin. As per the 'Self-confidence' and 'Responsibility', it has been proved that there is no notable difference between the boy and the girl, but to the contrary, as per the 'Self-confidence', both for the girl and the boy, the Soyangin has high significance (p<0.05) in comparison with the Soeumin and the Taeumin. In addition, in 'Responsibility' side, it is recognized that the Soeumin shows high significance (p<0.05) in comparison with the Soyangin both for boys and girls. Only the difference between genders, as to the 'Self-confidence', is that the Soeumin shows low distribution compared to the Taeumin in the case of boys, while the Taeumin shows low distribution compared to the Soeumin in the case of girls. In 'Self-feminity' (or Feminization), for boys the Soeumin shows high significance in comparison with both the Soeumin and the Taeumin, but to the contrary, for girls the Soeumin shows high significance (p<0.05) only against the Soyangin. 7. In case of boys, as to 'Conformability (compromise)', the Taeumin compared to the Soeumin reveals high significance (p<0.05), while for girls, the Soeumin compared to the Soyangin or the Taeumin reveals high significance (p<0.05). Consequently, it presents that the Soyangin has a tendency not to confirm (compromise) relatively in comparison with other constitutions regardless of the genders. Conclusions : In general, except that it shows some constitutional deviation by genders, the statistical findings of this report agree and comply with the personal characteristics of Sasangin presented by Je-Ma Lee.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.285-298
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• 2008

Objective : This study was aimed to investigated the correlation between the stroke incidence by day of the week and risk factors in acute stroke patients. Methods : From October in 2005 to October in 2007, 673 acute stroke patients wereincluded. Patients were hospitalized within 14 days after the onset of stroke in DongGuk University International Hospital, Kyungwon University In-cheon Oriental Medical Hospital or the Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), Kyung Hee University Oriental hospital. We investigated general characteristics, stroke types, age group, educational backgrounds, medical history, lifestyle (the impact of stress, exercise, smoking and drinking) and Sasang constitution according to the stroke incidence by day of the week. Results : After examining each participants with day of the week, the order of days by incidence was Monday, Wednesday, Sunday, Saturday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday respectively. Monday and Tuesday showed the highest ratio. As the aspect of demographic data of subjects, the group under 55 years and from 55 years to 70 years showed the highest ratio on Monday. In the group between 25 years to 55 years, the ratio, by the classification of actual productive age, was statistically higheron Monday. In addition, the ratio showed statistically higherby educational background, from elementary school to high school and over high school. In regard tothe medical aspect, incidence of cerebral hemorrhage showed higher ratio on Sunday, and incidence of brain infarction was higheron Monday. However, there was no difference of the past history between the two groups. With regard tothe aspect of lifestyle of subjects, the group with huge stress before the incidence of stroke showed a higher ratio of stroke incidence on Monday. Participants who didn't exercise regularly and participants who didn't smoke or drink showed higher ratio of stroke incidence on Monday. However, this was not important statistically. In regard to the aspect of Sasang constitution, Soeumin showed the highest ratio of stroke incidence on Wednesday, Taeuminon Monday, and Soyangin on Saturday and Monday. Conclusion : According to these results, several cardiovascular risk factors affect stroke incidences on Monday. Further studies will be needed to help understand the correlation between stroke incidence by day of the week and risk factors in acute stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1976

One of the most common needle leaf species used in planting in Korea is korean pine (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) is one of the test species for suitability. The relation of nursery bed density of 2-1 korean pine and 1-1 jack pine was studied at the Kwang Nung Nursery, Central Branch Station of Forest Research Institute, and about 40km north of Seoul. Nursery bed density of 2-1 korean pine, which ranged from 36 to 324 trees per square meters and of 1-1 jack pine, which ranged from 25 to 169 trees per square meters, had a marked effect on caliper, height, dry weight and percent and amount of plantable stock. The soil physical and chemical properties is silt plus clay, 50.55 percent; organic matter, 2.09 percent; total nitrogen, 0.13 percent; available phosphorus, 253.25 ppm; exchangeable potash, 0.46 m.e/100g; and pH, 5.58. As the density of the nursery seedling stand of 2-1 korean pine increases, the average tree height increases (Fig. 1A), but in 1-1 jack pine density do not affect to increase or decrease the average tree height. As the density of nursery bed increases, the average stem caliper (at 2cm above ground line) and dry weight decrease (Fig. 1B), but the decreasing rate is more seriously in 1-1 jack pine than 2-1 korean pine (Fig.5). As increasing the density of nursery bed, the T/R ratio of trees of the test species increase. Also the dry weight of leaf, stem and root parts are decreasing in proportion to the increase of stand density, but the drop rate of jack pine is more rapid than korean pine (table. 1) The patent facts of difference of growth characteristics between 2-1 korean pine and 1-1 jack pine were studied. These facts should be used to select the scale of stand density at the nursery bed or the plantable site. Korean pine is demanded high density, on the other hand in jack pine low density are more suitable to manage the stand density. Stands of comparatively low density had the greatest percentage of high-quality stock, and the stands of high density had less than the high quality trees of low density. An important criterion of the best density is percent and number of high-quality trees produced per square meter of bed area. Stem caliper and stem height of seedling is used in most public nurseries to sort seedling into plantable grades. The stock grade standard has set at 4.5mm caliper and 16cm height of 2-1 korean pine as the minimum desired stem caliper and height. By the result studies, the plantable stock grade standards of 2-1 korean pine used at stem height 16cm and stem caliper 4.5mm from public nurseries should be reformed to stem height 18cm and stem caliper 4.0mm by the growth characteristics and the tree distribution of stem height and caliper of relation to density. For the 2-1 korean pine, best density should be about 160 to 200 trees per square meter according to soil fertility. For the 1-1 jack pine, the suitable standard of plantable stock should be at stem height 25cm and caliper 6mm (at 2cm above ground line) and best density was about 100 to 120 trees.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.179-189
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• 1984

Durch vergleichende Untersuchungen von Ribes nigrum L. var. 'Rosenthals Langtraubige Schwarze' zwischen $prim\"{a}rem$ und $sekund\"{a}rem$ Jugendstadium (P.J. und S.J.) eine vertiefte Einsicht in die beiden zeitlich unterschielich langen $Entwicklungsabl\"{a}ufe$ zu bekommen und auf diese Weise bessere Ansatzpunke $f\"{u}r$ die Regulierung der $Bl\"{u}tc-nknospeninduktion$ zu gewinnen, war das Ziel vorliegenden Untersuchungen. Diese Untersuchungen $f\"{u}hrten$ zu den flogenden Ergebnissen: Die Dauer der Jugendphase von Ribes nigrum L. betrug bei den P.J.-Pflanzen ca. 7 Monate, bei den S.J.-Pflanzen ca. 5 Monate. Die $Bl\"{u}hreife$-(Ripeness to flower)-setzte bei den P.J.-Pflanzen erst beim 20. Nodium ein, bei den S.J.-Pflanzen bereits beim 5. Nodium. Das $f\"{u}hrte$ dazu, da${\beta}$ bei gleicher Nodienzahl die P.J.-Pflanzen weniger $Bl\"{u}te-nknospen$ angesetzt hatten als die S.J.-Pflanzen. Die erste $Bl\"{u}tenknospendifferenzierung$ setzte bei den P.J.-Pflanzen in der oberen Triebmitte etwa am 30. Nodium ein, beiden S.J.-Pflanzen bereits in der unteren Tricbmitte etwa am 20. Nodium. Bie den P.J.-Pflanzen waren die untersten 20. Nodien immer steril, $w\"{a}hrend$ bei den S.J.-Pflanzen $h\"{a}uflgsten$ an dem ersten Nodium $\"{u}ber$ der Basis fertil waren. In allen Versuchen hat sich gezeigt, da${\beta}$ der Wachstumsabschlu${\beta}$ -(Bildung einer Terminal Knospe)-, der bei Ribes nigrum L. durch Kurztag eingeleitet wird, bei den P.J.-Pflanzen langsammer als bei den S.J.-Pflanzen erfolgt. Dies $f\"{u}hrt$ dazu, da${\beta}$ die Pflanzen der $sekund\"{a}ren$ Jugendphase auf die photokybernetischen Stimulation empfindlicher reagieren als die der $prim\"{a}ren$ Jugendphase. Alle untersuchten Versuchsdaten $f\"{u}hren$ zu dem Schlu${\beta}$, da${\beta}$ die Wurzelgibberelline $(GA_n)$ keinen Einflu${\beta}$ auf die $Jugendsterilit\"{a}t$ ($Basissterilit\"{a}t$) haben. Aus den Untersuchungen geht hervor, da${\beta}$ die induktive Ma${\beta}$nahme zur Beschleunigung der $Bl\"{u}tenknospenbildung$ $f\"{u}r$ eine $Z\"{u}chtungsselektion$ erst dann eingesetzt werden sollen, wenn die P.J.-Pflanzen mehr als 20 Nodien ausgebildet haben.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.371-383
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• 2012

Shaping the root canal system to maintain original canal curvature is essential to clinical success in endodontic treatment. Opposed to most root canals that are curved, endodontic instruments are made from straight metal blanks. They have a tendency of straightening the root canal during preparation and frequently result in procedural errors. A new treatment method to maintain original canal curvature during shaping has been introduced for preventing procedural errors. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of instruments to maintain original canal curvature of continuous rotary system and single file system. Thirty ISO 15, 0.02 taper, Endo Training Blocks(Dentsplay Maillefer) were used. Specimens were assigned to 1 of 3 groups for shaping: specimens in group 1 were shaped with ProFile #20/.06 at the WL. Specimens in group 2 were shaped with Mtwo #35/.04 at the WL. Specimens in group 3 were shaped with WaveOne Primary reciprocating files at the WL after the glide path was achieved with PathFile. Pre- and postinstrumentation digital images were superimposed and processed with Matlab r2010b(The MathWorks Inc, Natick, MA) software to analyze the curvature-radius ratio(CRr), representing canal curvature modification. Data for comparison on the ability of instruments to maintain original canal curvature depending on each Ni-Ti file were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA(P<.05). Data for comparison on the ability of instruments to maintain original canal curvature depending on each Ni-Ti file system were analyzed with independent t-test(P<.05). A statistically significant difference(P<0.05) was noted on each Ni-Ti file. ProFile and WaveOne instrumentations maintained the original canal curvature significantly better(P<0.05) than Mtwo file. There were no significant difference(P>0.05) between continuous rotary system and single file system. Under the conditions of this study, ProFile and WaveOne instruments maintained the original curvature significantly better than Mtwo file and were less modification of the canal curvature compared. There was no significant difference between continuous rotary system and single file system in shaping of simulated canals. As clinical practitioners, it may be advantages to use hybrid approach when root canal shapes depending on the design and usage of Ni-Ti files.