• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 유아의 배려행동에 미치는 공감능력과 대인관계형성능력의 영향을 알아봄으로써 유아교육 현장에서 유아의 배려행동을 증진시키기 위한 방안을 탐색하는 것이다. 연구대상은 중소도시 I시의 4,5세 유아 152명이며, 검사도구는 배려행동, 공감능력, 대인관계형성능력의 질문지를 활용하였으며, 교사에 의해 측정되었다. 수집된 자료는 pearson의 적률상관관계를 분석하고 단계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 유아의 공감능력과 배려행동은 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났지만 배려행동 중 가치부여적행동과는 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 특히, 가치부여적행동과 공간능력의 하위영역인 기쁨과 심적부담이 정적 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 배려행동과 대인관계형성능력 전체는 관계가 있었으며, 특히 사회적 반응성과의 관계가 가장 높게 나타났다. 하위영역에서는 규범적 행동과 사회적반응성, 능동적행동과 지시따르기, 가치부여적행동과 긍정적 상호작용, 정서적행동과 사회적반응성과 가장 높은 정적 관계가 있음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 배려행동 중정서적행동에는 사회적반응성이 정적인 예측변인이며, 관계형성하기는 부적 예측변인으로 나타났다. 능동적 행동에는 지시따르기가 정적예측 변인이며, 심적부담은 부적 예측변인으로 나타났다. 규범적 행동은 사회적반응성이 정적인 예측변인, 관계형성하기와 심적부담 부적 예측변인인 것으로 나타났다. 가치부여적행동에는 긍정적 상호작용이 정적 예측변인인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 유아의 배려행동을 증진시키기 위한 프로그램을 개발하기 위해서는 사회적 반응성, 지시따르기, 긍정적 상호작용을 증진시키는 내용을 포함해야할 것이며, 유아의 관계형성능력과 불안의 요소를 줄이는 내용을 구성해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2009

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 240 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments (0, 300 ppm, 600 ppm, and 900 ppm dietary LA supplementation, respectively). Birds were slaughtered at 42 days old. Live body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), average feed intake (AFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), dressing percentage, breast muscle percentage, thigh muscle percentage, abdominal fat percentage, muscle color (L*, a*, b*), pH values at 24 h postmortem, meat shear force value (SFV) and anti-oxidative ability were measured. Results showed that addition of 600 ppm or 900 ppm LA decreased BW (p<0.01), ADG (p<0.01) and AFI (p<0.05) compared with other diets. FCR was not affected by dietary LA content. LA had no marked effect on dressing percentage, breast muscle percentage or thigh muscle percentage. Abdominal fat percentage was lower (p<0.05) in the 900 ppm LA supplementation group than the control group. Dietary 900 ppm LA increased (p<0.05) breast and thigh muscle pH value at 24 h postmortem compared with the control treatment. Dietary LA increased thigh muscle a* value, though no significant difference was found in thigh muscle a* value among the treatments. Dietary LA significantly decreased breast muscle L* value (p<0.05), breast muscle b* value (p<0.01) and thigh muscle b* value (p<0.05). Broilers fed LA had higher breast muscle a* value (p<0.05) and thigh muscle L* value (p<0.05). All test groups had lower (p<0.05) breast muscle SFV than the control group. Dietary 600 ppm or 900 ppm LA both decreased (p<0.01) thigh muscle SFV compared with the control treatment. Dietary 900 ppm LA significantly increased (p<0.05) TAOC, SOD and GSHPx compared with no LA treatment. Broilers fed LA had lower (p<0.01) MDA compared with the control treatment. These results suggested that dietary LA enhanced the anti-oxidative ability and oxidative stability, and contributed to the improvement of meat quality in broilers.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.142-170
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate dizziness of Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ and Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$. Methods : We conducted a study on the original text paragraphs of Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ containing the dizziness and analysis of Yang, Ma, Zhang, Wang etc. We drew a parallel between dizziness from Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$and matching diagnoses from western medicine. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Dizziness in Ok Ki Jin Jiang Ron <玉機眞藏論> and Pyo Bon Byeong Jeon Ron <標本病傳論> had relation to liver and was similar to dizziness caused by tension, hypertension, anemia and cerebrovascular accident etc. in western medicine. 2. Dizziness in Ja Yeol<刺熱>, O Sa<五邪> and Hai Ron<海論> had relation to kidney and was similar to dizziness caused by aging and peripheral vertigo concurrent with tinnitus and difficulty in hearing in western medicine. 3. Dizziness in O Sa<五邪> had relation to heart(pericardium) and was similar to dizziness caused by cardiac output loss and psychogenic dizziness in western medicine. 4. In Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ the main etiology of dizziness was infirmity(虛), which were Qi(氣) of the upper portion of the body being insufficient(上氣不足), blood depletion(血枯), deficiency of marrow-reservoir(髓海不足) etc. 5. In Dae Hok Ron<大惑論> etiology and pathogenesis of dizziness were mentioned and dizziness was similar to dizziness caused by eye disorder, psychogenic dizziness and central dizziness in western medicine. 6. In Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ the meridian of acupuncture points which was used much for dizziness was Bladder Meridian. Aqupunture points used in treatment of dizziness were Ch'onju(天柱), Kollyun(崑崙), Taejo, Chok-t'ongkok(足通谷) etc. Conclusion : We found out etiology, pathogenesis, treatments of dizziness in Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$. Further we compared with western medicine to develop better understanding of dizziness.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 1995

The purpose of this is to understand the concept of Sacho on the basis of 'Sa-Sang philosophy(四象哲學)'. In oder to achieve this purpose, Sanjiao and Sacho were investigated, centering on the philophicalbasis, region. action. The conclusion would be summerized as follows. 1. Viewed in the light of a philosophical basis, Sanjiao is first recorded in Nae-Kyung(內經), a concept that Yin-Yang(陰陽), Oh-Hang(五行) in Nae-Kyung Medcine, the cosmos's order and it's moving rule could be directly applied to human body. On the contrary Sacho is a term first used by Lee Jae-Ma, a human-oriented concept that formed in Confucianism system. based on Sa-Sang type classifying in Sa-Sang Medicine. 2. Viewd in the light of a region, the upper part of Sacho is similar to the upper-jiao of Sanjiao, the mid-upper part of Sacha to the middle-jiao of Sanjiao, the mid-lower and the lower parts of Sacha to the lower-jiao of Sanjiao. But these regions are not equal to anatomical regions. Sanjiao and Sacha is similar concept from the view point of the upper and lower oder, but Sanjiao has only a concept of the upper and lower order, doesn't have a concept of the front and the rear, inside and outside. 3. Viewed in the light of a action, Sanjiao and Sacho is a similar concept from the view point of a large boundary in the life activity.Sanjiao explains the region of human body, setting imfortance on the viscera physiology, on the contrary Sacho explains the whole function of human body including one's heart's desire, physical constitution and the visceral physiolosy. 4. Viewed in the light of produsing-wasting activity. sanjiao and Sacho have both produsing action and wasting action. but Sacho has a more concrete concept of produsing action by using a term-Sa Hae(四海) 5. Viewed in the light of vital energy(氣)'s action, Sajiao give the first consideration to the rising and falling action of vital energy, on the contrary Sacho give the first consideration to the transversal circulation of vital energy and the deviation of it in each part. According to the above results, Sacho must be discussed separately from Sanjiao, it is recommended that further study is necessary to understand the concept of Sacho on the basis of Sa-Sang philosophy.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.30-37
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• 1989

Silane($SiH_4$), methane($CH_4$), diborane(B_2H_6)그리고 phosphine($PH_3$)을 이용하여 rf글로방전분해법으로 PIN형 a-SiC:H/a-Si:H 이종접합 태양전지를 제작하였다. $SnO_2/ITO$층 형성치 태양전지의 효율은 ITO 투명전극만의 경우보다 1.5% 향상되었다. 제작조건은 P층의 경우 $CH_4/SiH_4$의 비를 5로 하고 두께는 $100{\AA}$이었다. I층은 P층위에 증착하였으나 진성이 아니고 N형에 가깝다. 이 I층을 진성으로 바꾸기 위해서 0.3ppm의 $B_2H_6$를 $SiH_4$에 혼합하여 5000${\AA}$증착했다. 또한 N층은 $PH_4/SiH_4$의 비를 $10^{-2}$로 하여 $400{\AA}$ 증착시켰다. 그 결과 입사강도가 15mW/$cm^2$일 때 개방전압 $V_{oc}=O'$단락전류밀도 $J_{sc=14.6mA/cm^2}$, 충진율 FF=58.2%, 그리고 효율 ${eta}=8.0%$를 나타내었다. 빛의 반사에 의한 손실을 감소시키기 위하여 $MgF_2$를 유리기판위에 도포하였다. 이에 의한 효율은 0.5% 향상되어 전체적인 효율은 8.5%였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.359-377
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• 2017

Pyropia haitanensis (T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng) N. Kikuchi et M. Miyata is one of the most commercially useful macroalgae cultivated in southeastern China. In red algae, the biosynthesis of terpenoids through 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway can produce a direct influence on the synthesis of many biologically important metabolites. In this study, two genes of cDNAs, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductase (DXR), which encoding the first two rate-limiting enzymes among MEP pathway were cloned from P. haitanensis. The cDNAs of P. haitanensis DXS (PhDXS) and DXR (PhDXR) both contained complete open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 764 and 426 amino acids residues, separately. The expression analysis showed that PhDXS was significant differently expressed between leafy thallus and conchocelis as PhDXR been non-significant. Additionally, expression of PhDXR and its downstream gene geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase were both inhibited by fosmidomycin significantly. Meanwhile, we constructed types of phylogenetic trees through different algae and higher plants DXS and DXR encoding amino acid sequences, as a result we found tree clustering consequences basically in line with the "Cavalier-Smith endosymbiotic theory." Whereupon, we speculated that in red algae, there existed only complete MEP pathway to meet needs of terpenoids synthesis for themselves; Terpenoids synthesis of red algae derivatives through mevalonate pathway came from two or more times endosymbiosis of heterotrophic eukaryotic parasitifer. This study demonstrated that PhDXS and PhDXR could play significant roles in terpenoids biosynthesis at molecular levels. Meanwhile, as nuclear genes among MEP pathway, PhDXS and PhDXR could provide a new way of thinking to research the problem of chromalveolata biological evolution.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2015

목적 : 본 연구는 이동에 제한이 있는 장애아동을 대상으로 한 전동휠체어 적용 시 고려해야할 지침과 적용 성과의 표현에 포함되는 요소를 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 연구방법 : 2000년 이후 2014년까지 게재된 국 내외 논문을 검색하여 1차 검색된 38편의 논문 중 포함준거에 따라 체계적 문헌연구 2편을 핵심 논문으로 선정하였다. 1차 검색 및 핵심 논문 2편에 고찰대상으로 포함된 18편의 논문 전문을 검토하여 성과 요소를 추출하고, 이를 ICF에 따라 분류하였다. 논문 검색에는 연세대학교 학술정보원의 원문정보서비스와 구글 학술검색을 이용하였다. 또한 아동 대상의 전동휠체어 적용 지침을 알아보기 위한 문헌 2편을 추가로 검토하였다. 결과 : 본 연구에서 지침을 포함하여 고찰한 문헌 19편은 모두 해외 문헌이었다. 이 문헌들은 공통적으로 장애아동에게 전동휠체어를 적용 시 다양한 이점이 있으며 발달 저해 등의 우려는 잘못된 것이라고 지적하고 있었다. 또한 적용 전 확인해야할 장애 아동 및 부모의 특성, 환경적 지원 등을 규정하면서 지침에 따라 성공적인 전동휠체어 적용을 권고하였다. 또한 각 문헌에서 장애아동을 대상으로 한 전동휠체어 적용성과를 표현하기 위해 사용된 도구와 변수를 ICF의 각 요소로 분류한 결과 참여 수준의 성과를 주로 다루고 있었다. 결론 : 독립적 이동이 제한된 장애아동에게 전동휠체어는 유용한 이동 수단이며 전동휠체어의 조기 적용은 정상적인 발달과 참여를 위해 중요한 전략이다. 따라서 장애아동 뿐 아니라 아동 주변의 사람과 환경을 포함한 맥락적 접근이 필요하며 법 제도적, 사회적 노력이 병행되어야 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6697-6701
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• 2013

Objective: To explore the inhibiting effect and mechanism of Endostar injection concomitant with cryoablation on lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenografts in nude mice. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 nude mice with subcutaneous xenografts of the A549 cell line were established and divided into 4 groups when the maximal diameters of tumors became 1 cm: control group, Endostar group, cryoablation group and combination group (Endostar concomitant with cryoablation). The nude mice were sacrificed after 21-days treatment, tumour tissues were removed to measure their volume, in situ test of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was adopted to determine the cellular apoptosis around freezing injury zones, and immunohistochemical SP test was applied for the detection of micro-vessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels. Results: At 21-days after treatment, the growth velocities of control group, Endostar group, cryoablation group and combination group were $236.7{\pm}51.2%$, $220.0{\pm}30.6%$, $159.5{\pm}29.3%$ and $103.3{\pm}25.5%$ (P<0.01), while cellular apoptosis rates of tumors were $21.7{\pm}2.34%$, ($22.17{\pm}1.47$)%, $38.3{\pm}1.37%$ and $49.2{\pm}1.72%$, (P<0.01), respectively, according to the immunohistochemical test. MVD and VEGF expression levels in the combination group were both lower than in other groups (P<0.01), also being positively related (r=0.925, P<0.01). Conclusions: Endostar can significantly improve the inhibitory effects of cryoablation on xenografts of lung adenocarcinoma A549, and the mechanism is probably associated with its function as an inhibitor of tumour neo-angiogenesis through down-regulating VEGF expression.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.524-552
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• 1998

Purgation therapy has played an important role as a influential remedy from the begining of the Chinese medicine. Especially purgation therapy is raised as the effective remedy on the acute infectious disease in the book of 'Treatise on Febrile Disease'. But It was inclined to cold-nature and available only in the excess syndrome. Nevertheless it is evident that the book has showed an example of this therapy. During the middle age, purgation therapy is classified into several subtype; hydrogogue therapy, laxation with lubricants, purgation with cold-natured drugs and purgation with warm-natured drugs. Comparing with the ancient times, it must be a progression. It was investigated earnestly by a school leaded by Zhang Congzheng. They were not restricted to several diseases, but applied it to the wide range of diseases. They thought as following. 'One is ill from pathogenic factor so that you should eliminate it from the human body'. Hence, they frequently used three major remedies such as diaphoresis, emesis and purgation. In this process, purgation therapy had showed eye-opening progress. But opposition to it was not little. Li Gao was a representative man on the opposite side. He expressed a critical opinion and placed great importance on the genuine energy, the natural healing force. Under his influence, a large number of doctors evaded purgation and put it under taboo. On account of these trend, purgation therapy had took a backward step and retrograded. Therefore cathartics such as Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rharbitidis Semen, cold drugs such as Gypsum Fibrosum, etc. had been excluded for preservation of the genuine energy, and came about an obnoxious custom to value only 'tonity deficiency', or 'warm and tonify'. As it had came into fashion to approach most disease from the point of view, purgation therapy was merely fall into a remedy of constipation. After the eighteenth century purgation therapy encountered the new period of rivival. It was introduced by them who strived for the study of Epidemics to the new current of thought, so called '增水行舟'. It was because 온병 was apt to dissipate one's Yin fluid. Therefore purgation therapy of this period was characterized by establishing nourishment Yin and body fluid with or without use of timely purgation of accumulation of heat. From the time of Zhang Congzheng, it was accomplished by Lee Je-ma to the most epoch-making change. He caused an improvement in the use of purgation therapy by regarding innate constitutional contradiction as importance than representing clinical symptoms. He warned that existing remedies that depend only upon symptoms and signs, not upon individual characteristics including constitutional features didn't bring round to but kill them. And he understood all the pathologic processes in his constitutional theory, investigated specific drugs on four constitution, made indications of each prescriptions clear. For giving to differentiation of constition before differentiation of syndrom, his new slant on the pathologic phenomena overcome the limitations of 변증시치, and revaluate purgation therapy from remedy impaire the genuine energy to that restore it by recover the balance between the internal organ. It is the product of him to fundamentally upset the cause to be in disregard of purgation therapy.

• 한국독어학회지:독어학
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• 제10집
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• pp.1-24
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• 2004

Wir leben heute in der sosenannten Wissensgesellschaft. Diese Geseilschaft kann durch den Zugang zu immensen Wissens- und Informationsbestanden sowie durch einen fruher nicht denkbaren Grad an $Akualit\"{a}t$ dieser Informationen gekennzeichnet werden Deutsche Unternehmen haben bereits erkannt, dass das Wissen ihrer Mitarbeiter den Wert eines Unternehmens $ma{\ss}geblich$ bestimmt. Deshalb fordern sie von ihren Mitarbeitern, sich immer speziellere, immer neuere Wissensinhaite bzw. Informationen immer schneller anzueignen. Dies gilt auch $f\"{u}r$ Fremdsprachen, deren Kenntnis im Prozess der weit vorangeschrittenen Internationalisierung und Globalisierung als ein wesentliches Instrument vorausgesetzt wird. Der Hangel an fremdsprachlichen $F\"{a}higkeiten$ in Betrieben wirkt sick vol allem auf ihre Kompetenz im Umgang mil einer steigenden Anzahl von $Gesch\"{a}ftskontakten$ und ihre $ausl\"{a}ndischen$ $M\"{a}rkte$ aus. D. h. er bedeutet in einer durch zunehmenden Wettbewerb bestimmten Weit Marktverluste. Unternehmen sollen Herausforderungen $bew\"{a}ltigen$, die $gro{\ss}e$ interaktive und kommunikative $F\"{a}higkeit$ erfordern, $Ver\"{a}nderungen$ zu begreifen, sich ihnen zu stollen und sie zu $\"{u}berwinden$, um erfolgreich einen $gr\"{o}{\ss}eren$ Wirkungskreis auf den $Weltm\"{a}rkten$ zv erreichen. Deutsche Unternehmen erkennen inzwischen die besondere Bedeutung von $Fremdsprachenf\"{a}higkeiten$ ihrer Mitarbeiter $f\"{u}r$ Erfdlgssicherung und -ausbau. Diese Erkenntnisse ergeben sich auch aufgrund von Unternehmensbefragungen (z.B. vom Institut der deutschen Wirtschafi, $K\"{o}ln$). In fast allen Unternehmen ist Englisch die Fremdsprache Nummer Eins. Sie brauchen allerdings mehr als eine Fremdsprache. In der Regel werden zwei bis drei Fremdsprachen pro Betrieb $ben\"{o}tigt$. Wie $gro{\ss}$ der Fremdsprachenbedarf ist, $h\"{a}ngt$ von verschiedenen Faktoren ab: 1) Je $gr\"{o}{\ss}er$ ein Betrieb ist, desto wichtiger werden die fremdsprachlichen $F\"{a}higkeiten$ seiner Mitarbeiter. 2) In Firmen mit Auslandsverbindung und Unternehmen, die Teil eines $ausl\"{a}ndischen $Betriebes sind bzw $ausl\"{a}indische$ Niederlassungen haben, ist der Fremdsprachenbedarf von $gro{\ss}er$ Bedeutung. 3) Nach Branchen ist der Fremdsprachenbedarf differenziert. Fremdsprachenkenntnisse sind im exportorientierten produzierenden Gewerbe unverzichtbar. 4) In den verschiedenen Unternehmensbereichen werden Fremdsprachenkenntnisse differenziert $ben\"{o}tigt$. Funktionsbereiche wie Verkauf und Kundenbetreuung haben den $st\"{a}rksten$ Fremdsprachenbedarf, Kommunikation ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung $f\"{u}r$ erfolgreiche Verhandlungen. Je $gr\"{o}{\ss}er$ die sprachliche $F\"{a}higkeiten$ und das Geschick der Mitarbeiter sind, umso besser laufen die $Gesch\"{a}ftsverhandlungen$. Damit wird klar, weshalb sich viele deutsche Unternehmen beim Fremdsprachenlernen, bzw. bei der Fort- und Weiterbildung von Fremdsprachenkenntnissen ihrer Mitarbeiter spendabel zeigen.