• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2010

The water proton relaxation rates increase linearly with concentrations of contrast agents, and could be expressed as a function of the concentrations. In this paper, we have investigated MR properties of two different contrast agents, $GdCl_3$ and $CoCl_2$. Relaxivity coefficients were calculated from individual contrast agent solutions, and used for predicting relaxation rates at mixtures of two contrast agents. From the experimental results, we have discussed the feasibility of constructing water solutions with the desired relaxation times using specific mixtures of contrast agents.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of systematic color combination for apparel and textile design. We planned the new color systems, HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 277 and HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 253 USED KOREAN TRADITIONAL COLORS. In order to emprove the efficiency, this study aims to explore the development of systematic color combination by computer graphics. With this purpose, this study progressed in the following order and we obtained these results. 1. First, we considered the possibility of the development of the systematic color combination used the new color system, HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 277. We considered the possibility of the development of the systematic color combination by graphic computer SDS-480. Through the experimental regulation of the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and HLS (Hue, Lightness, Saturation) we obtained an approximation of the colors of the HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 277 on the CRT display of SDS-480. 2. We planned the new color system, HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 253 USED KOREAN TRADITIONAL COLORS for systematic color combination. 3. In a practical application, we tried five principal types of color combination in apparel and textile design, monochromatic combination, tone on tone combination, moderate combination, tonal combination, and contrast combination. 4. Furthermore, we applied the systematic color combination for the textile patterns by tone on tone combination. By using the systematic color combination for apparel and textile design, we realized the efficiency and utility of the systematic color combination.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2004년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.36-39
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to extract the rage on exterior colors of Elementary schools in harmony with natural colors as the colors of sky and trees, of Which the colors is basically composing the natural environment. The theory of harmony in NCS relatively expressing the changed colors according to the color stimulation condition is the contrast of same color fit for the nature. NCS has a systematic open mind considering parts in the whole. The study suggests appropriate strategy for Eco-color scheme. The result shows that it's desirable to select YR Group in the elementray school of exterior color design, The Eco color planned by NCS is expected to clarify the interrelationship between children and environment. This practical use should be continuingly tried in the color design of interior for elementary schools.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.179-190
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• 1985

A review of taxonomic treatments of the amentiferous plant taxa reveals diverse classification. It appears to be necessary to investigate new characteristics and attempt to determine the significance of these characteristics in terms of amentiferous systematics. Serological techniques have been empolyed in a systematic investigation of selected taxa of the Amentiferae: Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Myricaceae, and Salicaceae. Data by qualitative analysis of pollen proteins, double immunodiffusion and conventional immunoelectrophoresis, have proved to be valuable in delimitation of taxa tested. When the antisera against Alnus hirsuta, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Quercus aliena, Q. dentata, Q. glauca were tested; Alnus and Betula have the greatest protein similarity to one another; and next to the rest of betulaceous genera. Relatively strong protein similarity obtained with most representatives of Quercus and Fagus when reacted with antisera against Alnus and Betula is very much in contrast to the weak protein similarity obtained for the genera of Juglandaceae, Myricaceae, particularly of Salicaceae Tested with the same antisera. When Quercus antisera were used for various genera, the weakest protein similarity was obtained with Populus.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate that the nutrition labeling use is associated with demographic and psychosocial factors according to each nutrition information on the nutrition labeling in Korean adults. The study subjects (N=1,140) were individuals who were aged 20 years and more and answered on the question of nutrition label use and who participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2010.As age older, there was more interest in information such as sugar, protein, fat, cholesterol than calories. In contrast, as age younger, there was more interest intrans-fat, sodium as well as calories. As higher education level, there were more aware of trans-fat, sodium and calories. From the result that the most interested nutrition items were significantly different by democratic factors, we could understand interested nutrient information on the nutrition labels could change according to individual specific education. Therefore, this can also provide basic data for systematic education program by nutrition label use.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.15-19
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• 2009

Due to the Japan's Kobe earthquake in 1995, a cut-and-cover tunnel, which is one of subway facilities, collapsed unexpectedly. As a result, also in Korea, seismic performance needs to be secured for the cut-and-cover tunnel and currently, the subway seismic design standard is based on the seismic performance. However, there is no standard for the damage level or stability level of a member for securing the seismic performance, and the definition of multi-level seismic performance is not sufficient. By contrast to this situation, in the Japan's evaluation method of seismic performance, design earthquake ground motion having reflected there into the subway driving stability is clearly defined and the seismic performance required for structures is classified in detail. This study analyzes the Japan's systematic evaluation method of seismic performance for cut-and-cover tunnels of subway.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2019

Purpose: This study compares and examines the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on patients with chronic low back pain through systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Methods: Domestic literature was searched with combinations of keywords including "proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation," "PNF," "back pain," and "low back pain" using the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), and Korean Medical Database (KMbase). Six studies (n=148) were finally included in the analysis through a selection and exclusion process. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Results: According to the meta-analysis results, the low back pains of the PNF group and the contrast group showed a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 2.21 (95% CI: -3.35, -1.07, p=0.01, $I^2=83%$) after intervention. Thus, the PNF group showed a statistically significant decrease in low back pain compared with the control group. In addition, the SMDs of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), lung function, and the Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were -1.34 (95% CI: -1.88, -0.79, p<0.01, $I^2=35%$), 1.14 (95% CI: 0.49, 1.79, p=0.01, $I^2=0%$), and -1.59 (95% CI: -2.56, -0.62, p=0.01, $I^2=46%$), respectively. Thus, the PNF group showed statistically significant differences from the control group. Conclusion: At present, there is some limit to obtaining definite results about effect sizes because there are relatively few randomized controlled experiments that analyze the effects of PNF exercise in patients with chronic low back pain. Therefore, continuous efforts should be made to conduct randomized clinical trials and long-term efficacy studies in the future.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2001

Objective: To provide a systematic overview of the effects of various parameters on contrast enhancement within the same population, an animal experiment as well as a computer-aided simulation study was performed. Materials and Methods: In an animal experiment, single-level dynamic CT through the liver was performed at 5-second intervals just after the injection of contrast medium for 3 minutes. Combinations of three different amounts (1, 2, 3 mL/kg), concentrations (150, 200, 300 mgI/mL), and injection rates (0.5, 1, 2 mL/sec) were used. The CT number of the aorta (A), portal vein (P) and liver (L) was measured in each image, and time-attenuation curves for A, P and L were thus obtained. The degree of maximum enhancement (Imax) and time to reach peak enhancement (Tmax) of A, P and L were determined, and times to equilibrium (Teq) were analyzed. In the computed-aided simulation model, a program based on the amount, flow, and diffusion coefficient of body fluid in various compartments of the human body was designed. The input variables were the concentrations, volumes and injection rates of the contrast media used. The program generated the time-attenuation curves of A, P and L, as well as liver-to-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) contrast curves. On each curve, we calculated and plotted the optimal temporal window (time period above the lower threshold, which in this experiment was 10 Hounsfield units), the total area under the curve above the lower threshold, and the area within the optimal range. Results: A. Animal Experiment: At a given concentration and injection rate, an increased volume of contrast medium led to increases in Imax A, P and L. In addition, Tmax A, P, L and Teq were prolonged in parallel with increases in injection time The time-attenuation curve shifted upward and to the right. For a given volume and injection rate, an increased concentration of contrast medium increased the degree of aortic, portal and hepatic enhancement, though Tmax A, P and L remained the same. The time-attenuation curve shifted upward. For a given volume and concentration of contrast medium, changes in the injection rate had a prominent effect on aortic enhancement, and that of the portal vein and hepatic parenchyma also showed some increase, though the effect was less prominent. A increased in the rate of contrast injection led to shifting of the time enhancement curve to the left and upward. B. Computer Simulation: At a faster injection rate, there was minimal change in the degree of hepatic attenuation, though the duration of the optimal temporal window decreased. The area between 10 and 30 HU was greatest when contrast media was delivered at a rate of 2 3 mL/sec. Although the total area under the curve increased in proportion to the injection rate, most of this increase was above the upper threshould and thus the temporal window was narrow and the optimal area decreased. Conclusion: Increases in volume, concentration and injection rate all resulted in improved arterial enhancement. If cost was disregarded, increasing the injection volume was the most reliable way of obtaining good quality enhancement. The optimal way of delivering a given amount of contrast medium can be calculated using a computer-based mathematical model.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.211-214
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• 2004

We developed a new systematic calibration procedure which was applied to the calibration of the diffusivity, segregation and TED model of the indium impurity. The TED of the indium impurity has been studied using 4 different groups of experimental conditions. Although the indium is susceptible to the TED, the RTA is effective to suppress the TED effect and maintain a steep retrograde profile. Like the boron, the indium shows significant oxidationenhanced diffusion in silicon and has segregation coefficients at the $Si/SiO_2$ interface much less than 1. In contrast, however, the segregation coefficient of indium decreases as the temperature increases. The accuracy of the proposed technique is validated by SIMS data and $0.13 {\mu}m$ device characteristics such as $V_{th}$ and $Id_{sat}$ with errors less than $5 \%$ between simulation and experiment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.561-572
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• 2017

The global commercial cultivation of transgenic crops, including glyphosate-tolerant soybean, has increased widely in recent decades with potential impact on the environment. The bulk of previous studies showed different results on the effects of the release of transgenic plants on the soil microbial community, especially rhizosphere bacteria. In this study, comparative analyses of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soils and surrounding soils were performed between the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line NZL06-698 (or simply N698), containing a glyphosate-insensitive EPSPS gene, and its control cultivar Mengdou12 (or simply MD12), by a 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) amplicon sequencing-based Illumina MiSeq platform. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall alpha diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities, although the species richness and evenness of the bacteria increased in the rhizosphere of N698 compared with that of MD12. Some influence on phylogenetic diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities was found between N698 and MD12 by beta diversity analysis based on weighted UniFrac distance. Furthermore, the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacterial phyla and genera, which included some nitrogen-fixing bacteria, were significantly different between N698 and MD12. Our present results indicate some impact of the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line N698 on the phylogenetic diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities together with a significant difference in the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacteria at different classification levels as compared with its control cultivar MD12, when a comparative analysis of surrounding soils between N698 and MD12 was used as a systematic contrast study.