• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.2-9
• /
• 2018

Olfactory receptors (ORs) in mammals are generally considered to function as chemosensors in the olfactory organs of animals. They are membrane proteins that traverse the cytoplasmic membrane seven times and work generally by coupling to heterotrimeric G protein. The OR is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the guanine nucleotide-binding $G{\alpha}_{olf}$ subunit and the $G{\beta}{\gamma}$ dimer to recognize a wide spectrum of organic compounds in accordance with its cognate ligand. Mammalian ORs were originally identified from the olfactory epithelium of rat. However, it has been recently reported that the expression of ORs is not limited to the olfactory organ. In recent decades, they have been found to be expressed in diverse organs or tissues and even tumors in mammals. In this review, the expression and expected function of olfactory receptors that exist throughout an organism's system are discussed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2011

The Pseudorabies (PR), also called Aujeszky's disease (AD), is an infectious viral disease caused by an alpha herpes virus and has domestic and wild pigs, as well as a wide range of domestic and wild animals, as the natural host. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) virions contain several envelope glycoproteins. Among them, gB, gC and gD are regarded as the major immunogenic proteins. We expressed these glycoproteins using the bacterial expression system and analyzed recombinant proteins. Expression of glycoproteins gC and gD were observed on SDS-PAGE or Western blot analysis, but gB was not. Optimal concentration of IPTG and inducing time were determined as 1.0 mM and 4 h, respectively, for the expression of both gC and gD in E. coli. A sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was the most efficient detergent in solubilizing insoluble recombinant protein.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 춘계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.281-284
• /
• 2003

인터넷의 급속한 발전은 표현의 고급화와 보편성을 제공하는 웹을 주축으로 하여 이루어져 왔으나, 웹 상에서 표현중심의 그래픽처리에는 비구조적인 방법에 따른 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 보완하고자 W3C에서는 웹 상에서 벡터그래픽 표현의 효율적인 표현 및 저장, 공유를 가능하게 하기 위해 XML 어플리케이션인 SVG를 제정하였다. 이에 본 논문에서는 SVG 문서를 이용하여 그래픽 편집기 형태로 SVG의 구조적 편집 및 화면에 표현되는 그래픽 객체를 직접 편집할 수 있는 인터페이스를 통해 벡터그래픽을 편집하고 표현하기 위한 SVG 편집시스템을 설계하였다. 본 시스템은 지리정보시스템이나 서비스 환경 등에서 XML기반의 그래픽을 표현하는 효율적인 처리 등에 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.463-469
• /
• 2002

Rotaviruses are the world-wide leading causative agents of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in young children and animals. The outer capsid glycoprotein VP7 and inner capsid glycoprotein VP6 of rotaviruses are highly antigenic and immunogenic. An SFV-based expression system has recently emerged as a useful tool for heterologous protein production in mammalian cells, exhibiting a much more efficient performance compared to other gene expression systems. Accordingly, the current study adopted an SFV-based expression system to express the VP7 of a group A human rotavirus from a Korean isolate, and the VP6 of a group B bovine rotavirus from a Korean isolate, in mammalian cells. The genes of the VP6 and VP7 were inserted into the SFV expression vector pSFV-1. The RNA was transcribed in vitro from pSFV-VP6 and pSFV-VP7 using SP6 polymerase. Each RNA was then electroporated into BHK-21 cells along with pSFV-helper RNA containing the structural protein gene without the packaging signal. The expression of VP6 and VP7 in the cytoplasm was then detected by immunocytochemistry. The recombinant virus was harvested by ultracentrifugation and examined under electron microscopy. After infecting BHK-21 cells with the defective viruses, the expressed proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by a Western blot. The results indicate that an SFV-based expression system fur the VP6 and VP7 of rotaviruses is an efficient tool for developing a diagnostic kit and/or preventive vaccine.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2002

In vivo expression technology (IVET) has been developed to study bacterial gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium during host infection. The expression of selected genes by IVET has been elevated in vivo but not in vitro. The selected genes turned out to be important for bacterial virulence and/or pathogenicity. IVET depends on a synthetic operon with a promoterless transcriptional fusion between a selection marker gene and a reporter gene. The IVET approach has been successfully adapted in other bacterial pathogens and plant-associated bacteria using different selection markers. Pseudomonas putida suppresses citrus root rot caused by Phytophthora parasitica and enhances citrus seedling growth. The WET strategy was adapted based on a transcriptional fusion, pyrBC'-lacZ, in P. putida to study the bacterial traits important far biocontrol activities. Several genes appeared to be induced on P. parasitica hyphae and were found to be related with metabolism and regulation of gene expression. It is likely that the biocontrol strain took a metabolic advantage from the plant pathogenic fungus and then suppressed citrus root rot effectively. The result was parallel with those from the adaptation of IVET in P. fluorescens, a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Interestingly, genes encoding components for type III secretion system have been identified as rhizosphere-induced genes in the PGPR strain. The type III secretion system may play a certain role during interaction with its counterpart plants. Application of IVET has been demonstrated in a wide range of bacteria. It is an important strategy to genetically understand complicated bacterial traits in the environment.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.798-803
• /
• 2004

최근 인터넷 상에서 데이터 교환의 표준 핵심 기술로 사용되는 W3C(World Wide Web Consortium)의 XML(extensible Markup Language)은 모든 플랫폼에서 사용 가능한 장치 비 종속적인 데이터 형식이다. 특히 기존의 각 기업에서 구축되어 있던 각각의 어플리케이션과 시스템 사이에 교환되는 서로 다른 데이터 형식을 통합하여 유연하고 빠른 처리를 할 수 있도록 한다. 그러나 XML 문서는 논리적인 구조 정보만을 가지고 있으므로 XML 문서에 표현 정보를 기술하기 위하여 W3C에서는 문서 변환 표준인 XSLT(extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation)를 권고하였다. 이는 인터넷 상에서 데이터 교환을 위해 만들어진 XML에 적합하도록 설계되었고, XML 문서를 사용자에게 표현하기 위한 처리 및 다른 데이터 형식으로 변환이 가능하도록 제안되었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 데이터 교환에 사용되는 XML 문서에 표현 정보를 기술하는 XSLT 문서를 WYSIWYC 환경에서 편집할 수 있으며, XML에 XSLT를 적용하여 HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language) 데이터 형식으로 변환하는 XSLT 문서편집 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2004년도 춘계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.212-216
• /
• 2004

최근 인터넷 상에서 데이터 교환의 표준 핵심 기술로 사용되는 W3C(World Wide Web Consortium)의 XML(extensible Markup Language)은 모든 플랫폼에서 사용 가능한 장치 비 종속적인 데이터 형식이다. 특히 기존의 각 기업에서 구축되어 있던 각각의 어플리케이션과 시스템 사이에 교환되는 서로 다른 데이터 형식을 통합하여 유연하고 빠른 처리를 할 수 있도록 한다. 그러나 XML 문서는 논리적인 구조 정보만을 가지고 있으므로 XML 문서에 표현 정보를 기술하기 위하여 W3C에서는 문서 변환 표준인 XSLT(extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation)를 권고하였다. 이는 인터넷 상에서 데이터 교환을 위해 만들어진 XML에 적합하도록 설계되었고, XML문서를 사용자에게 표현하기 위한 처리 및 다른 데이터 형식으로 변환이 가능하도록 제안되었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 데이터 교환에 사용되는 XML 문서에 표현 정보를 기술하는 XSLT 문서를 WYSIWYG 환경에서 편집할 수 있으며, XML에 XSLT를 적용하여 HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language) 데이터 형식으로 변환하는 XSLT 문서편집 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권8호
• /
• pp.1357-1363
• /
• 2008

The $P_{entC}$ promoter of the entCERA operon encoding enzymes for enterobactin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli is tightly regulated by the availability of iron in the culture medium. In iron-rich conditions, the $P_{entC}$ promoter activity is strongly repressed by the global transcription regulator Fur (ferric uptake regulator), which complexes with ferrous ions and binds to the Fur box 19-bp inverted repeat. In this study, we have constructed the expression vector pOS2 containing the $P_{entC}$ promoter and characterized its repression, induction, and modulation by quantifying the expression of the lacZ reporter gene encoding $\beta$-galactosidase. $\beta$-Galactosidase activities of E. coli transformants harboring pOS2-lacZ were highly induced in the presence of divalent metal ion chelators such as 2,2'-dipyridyl and EDTA, and were strongly repressed in the presence of excess iron. It was also shown that the basal level $\beta$-galactosidase expression by the $P_{entC}$ promoter was drastically decreased by incorporating the fur gene into the expression vector. Since the newly developed iron chelator-inducible expression system is efficient and cost-effective, it has wide applications in recombinant protein production.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.1174-1181
• /
• 2005

대량의 데이터를 빠르게 전송할 수 있는 UWB(Ultra-widebandwidth) 시간 도약(time hopping : TH) 펄스 위치 변조(pulse position modulation : PPM) 다중 통신 시스템의 비트 오율을 정확히 계산할 수 있는 방법을 소개한다. 본 논문에서 다중 접근 간섭(multiple access interference : MAI)의 통계적 성질을 특성함수 기법을 이용하여 정확히 모델링 하였고 이를 바탕으로 TH-PPM 시스템의 비트 오율을 정확하게 계산할 수 있는 해석 식을 제시하였다. 또한, 기존의 MAI에 대한 가우시안 근사에 비하여 상당히 개선된 정확성을 갖는 근사식을 함께 소개하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 모델에 의해서 계산된 비트 오율을 Monte-Carlo 시뮬레이션 한 결과와 비교함으로써 제안한 BER 식의 정확성 및 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 I
• /
• pp.446-449
• /
• 2003

In recent years, the research of an efficient transmission method is going to meet a demand for high speed and large capacity radio communication. These systems make use of ultra-short duration pulses which yield UWB(Ultra Wide Band) signals characterized by low power spectral densities. The wavelet synthesis wave is able to set up the scale freely. So it is possible to use as the transmission wave of UWB by compressing time. In this paper, we present a general analytical expression for the average BER(Bit Error Rate) performance of UWB data transmission using wavelet system as a function of the cross-correlation between the users' signatures in an additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel.