• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

청평사는 고려 초 창건되었지만 현재와 같은 공간의 틀은 고려 중기 진락공 이자현(1061-1125)이 1089년 입산해 선사상을 바탕으로 구축한 것이다. 이 연구는 이자현이 청평사의 기반을 구축한 문수원 이후 형성, 발달했던 선원 내 인공유적의 출현과 존속의 시대사적인 변천과정을 고문헌을 근거로 하여 개념적으로 구현해 보고자 하였다. 이자현의 문수원 때 조성된 경외 8암자 중 식암, 견성암, 양신암 등 세 암자만이 조선 후기까지 복원, 수리를 거쳐 건재하며 상징적 암자로 보존되어 왔다. 또 이자현 때 조성된 영지도 고려시대 연못의 원형적 의미를 지닌 소중한 조경유적으로 현재까지 남아있다. 이자현이 식재했다는 구송은 후계수를 이어가며 1800년대 중반까지 살아있었다. 조선 중기 보우대사(1509-1565)는 이자현이 구축한 문수원을 기반으로 청평사로 개칭하고 중창하면서 경내를 능인전(대웅전)만 제외하고는 모두 새로 짓고 확장하여 현재와 같은 경내 공간구조로 만들었다. 또 경외 영지의 개축, 궁원으로부터의 조경식물 이식 등 경관의 질을 한층 높여 청평사를 역대 가장 번성한 모습의 선원으로 만들어 놓았다. 그러나 조선 후기인 1800년대 중반 이후 청평사는 더 번성하지 못하고 쇠락의 길로 접어들면서 선원의 건축물은 경내 일부를 제외하고 모두 소멸되고 기타 시설물들은 방치된 채로 현대까지 남아 있었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2002

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the New Government Buildings of Dalseong-gun which was held by the municipal authority of Dalseong-gun in June, 2002. The site is located at 1313 Gumpo-ri, Nongong-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu Metropolitan City and has an area of 50,000$m^2$. The judging criteria for the landscape design set by the Dalseong-gun could be articulated as follows : an environmentally friendly design which respects the surrounding n a locale which functions as a community center of Dalseong-gun, a resting place for the welfare of its employees and visitors, and finally a place with diverse landscape elements reflecting the individual identity of each facility. The main design concepts of this project could be summarized as follows : an environmentally friendly design which respects and utilizes the existing natural landscape resources, a design which features a harmony of nature with architecture and exterior space with interior space, and a design which balances esthetic form and practical function. This design consists of four major outdoor spaces ; the lawn, the entry plaza, a pine grove, and a deck area on the third floor. The multi-purpose lawn area near the main entrance area can be used for flea markets, outdoor weddings, and picnics for its neighbors. The adjacent plaza and parking lots can be unified as one space in case of large events. The entry plaza has three axes. Each of them represents the Assembly, the Administration, and the Culture. A big circle in the paving pattern unifies the three individual axes. A group of Zelkova trees was introduced to reflect local flavor. The existing pine grove was preserved as a symbolic 'park' for the Gumpo district. The outdoor amphitheatre within the grove was introduced by utilizing the existing topography, The flow of 'nature'on the deck area was designed to connect Mt. Gumkae with the 'city'. It is a comfortable resting place for its employees and visitors.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2003

This design is for the landscape of Busan Yeonje Post Office. The design requirements were: the preparation of an open space, the expression of regional identity, total design concept, and application of environmentally-friendly materials. The Busan Yeonje Post Office is not a just post office building but also a place for people including a communications center, rental offices, and a post office, facilities which require publicity, functionality, and symbolism. Therefore, this design reflected the design requirements, and considered the following to include the theme of "Pleasant messages and a pleasant post office with vitality and comfort. First, the open space was to be increased in the adjacent public vacant lot and street park by pulling back the construction line. In this way, the publicity, accessibility, and spatiality of the prepared open space were strengthened. Second, a sense of place for the landscape was expressed through the image of a wave representing Busan, a coastal town. Recognition of the space was strengthened, while regional identity and the concept of transmission of information were expressed. In addition, Citrus junos Sieb., representing 'Happy news' was Planted as a symbolic tree to denote a meaningful resting Place. Third, with respect to the design of reception facilities, considering the general purposes of the construction, post office stamps, envelopes, and postal delivery persons were portrayed on the walls, decorative walls, and environmental formations respectively The flooring was decorated with stamps and waves in keeping with of the total design concept. Fourth, to select environmentally-friendly materials, soil block and eco-grass block were introduced as major paving materials, and folk kinds of trees were included on site. According to the aforesaid plans, the researcher attempted to convert the public agency and office space characterized by feelings of dullness and rigidity into a soft and vivid outdoor space. It is expected that the location will be an open place in the downtown area and be recognized as a 'shared' space for citizens of Yeonje-gu.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

Gwangju Metropolitan Government & Ministry of Environment have signed a model city in response to Climate Change agreement. The agreement calls for Gwangju to cut greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 2005 levels by 2015. Gwangju has seen this agreement as an opportunity to cut pollution and conserve the environment as well as to reinvigorate local economy. According to policy of Gwangju, Gwangju held design competition for Gwangju City Arboretum on march, 2009. The purpose of design competition was to give a wide publicity to Gwangju as Hub City of Asian Culture and construct carbon-neutral arboretum in accordance with the policy of 'Low-Carbon and Green Growth'. First of all, a design concept of arboretum is 'winding, round, overlay 'to reflect the landscape of Nam-do which is surrounded by mountains and river flows through the village. Second, the arboretum has five different places with these themes - Forest of Festivals, Health, Nature, Nostalgia, Education and Future. Each place has a symbolic theme park and different flow planning respectively. Third, the most critical point is that the arboretum is a carbon-neutral park. Gwangju arboretum will soon be developed in metropolitan sanitary landfill and constructed as the O2 arboretum based on low carbon strategy. Fourth, the O2 arboretum suggests specialized issue : 'Energy Saving', 'Recycling System', 'Green Network', 'Water System(rainwater maintenance and wetland development)'. Besides, main buildings(greenhouse, visitor center, Nam-do experience exhibition hall, and forest museum) is designed in consideration of harmony with topography character, surroundings. Also, planting will be a multilayer plant based on native landscape trees in consideration of function and the growth characteristics.

• 농촌계획
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2018

This study comprehends that the landscape of Ipsan Village is the accumulated output of the landscape management and social behavior by the historic personages through the reference research and field surveys. And the study sorted out the over-layered landscape characteristics of Ipsan Village by analyzing the dispersed landscape elements as follows. First, right before the start of Japanese invasions to Korea(1592-98), Tamjin(耽津) An(安) Family moved into Ipsan and started establishing the a single clan village. At a site with mountain background and facing the water(背山臨水), the village used to be a typical farming one with an organically planned road-system and housing area following the traditional order. However, the landscape has changed drastically since the 20th century with the construction of banks, roads and readjustment of arable land etc. Second, the original landscape, which can be figured out through the 'Gosanjaesibyukgyeong(高山齋十六景)' in the 18th century, shows its harmony with natural landscape: mountain & valley, stream & field, traditional trees, etc, cultural landscape: village, well, spring, etc, and momentary landscape: seasons, time, weather phenomena, sound, behavior, etc. Third, based on the second, 16 natural landscape elements: mountain & stream, planting, etc. and 25 cultural landscape elements: housing spaces, self-cultivation & ceremony spaces, community spaces and modern education & enlightenment spaces were selected and interpreted as landscaping meanings. Fourth, the over-layered landscape which stems from the compositive functions and inter-connectivity of landscape elements which consists Ipsan Village is regarded as 'Natural geographical and Fungsu landscape', 'Rural production and livelihood landscape', 'Confucian ceremony and symbolic landscape' and 'Modern education and enlightenment landscape.'

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

This study is about Tak Mok theory of feng-shui ideology which was main thought in Choson dynasty or some other thoughts and noble families' thought of garden building : planting trees and properties of the noble families garden. The result from the study of noble family's garden molding is as follows. In the noble family's garden molding, there were considerations of plant ecology known through long experience and the functional aspect of planting tree and esthetic sense of housing circumstances, in addition to feng-shui thought, Taoist thought and the doctrine of the five natural elements of the positive vs. negative. We can learn Choson's noble family's garden included playroom as well as symbolic and incantatory meaning. Also in the thought of noble family's garden molding we can found proper element for modern housing plan such as an ecological peculiarity or functional aspect of dwelling circumstance. And we can also found they didn't show a rejection symptoms against nature but enclosed with straight form which was traditional trait, and each space of it is composed organically. Also we knew they selected a diverse and refined technique with it's decorating the Choson dynasty playful and meditative space. We found that the key point of the thought of noble family's garden molding were on the basis of Confucianal mood, content amid poverty thought and free technique of it.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2001

This paper presents a landscape design for the citizen plaza around the ˝Woojeongchongkuk˝(the 1st Korean postal building) where the ˝Gapsinjeongbyeon˝(1844 coup d´etat) occurred and which was once used as the ˝Jeoneoigam˝(a palace hospital). The site is located in 39 Kyeonji-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, and of which area is about 2,013$m^2$. The landscape design goals are to build traditional spaces which fit the traditional buildings and where people feel the old atmosphere; to build interesting spaces where people can learn the post and telegraphic history; and to build nature-friendly green rest spaces in the city. To achieve these goals, symbolic, traditional, educational, historical, and environmentally-friendly concepts are developed. With this concept the space is divided into two axis of the pst and telegraph of Korea. Along the two axis the Postage Stamp ˝Madang˝(yard), the Letter Garden, the Telegraphic ˝Ddeul˝(garden), the Communication Plaza, and the ˝Jeoneoigam˝(old palace hospital) and the ˝Gapsinjeongbyeon˝(1884 coup d´etat) Memorial Place are arranged. The Postal Stamp Madang which symbolizes the first Korean postage stamp is a space for studying history and evolution of stamps in Korea. The Letter Garden which symbolizes and formalizes a letter paper is composed with white bamboo trees which are planted linearly and long granite benches on which famous letters are carved. In the Telegraphic Ddeul which symbolizes the telegraph, the history of the telegraphic instrument and the telephone is exhibited. In the Communication Plaze which symbolizes future post and telegraph service extending to the world, the images of satellite communication, internet, webmail etc. are exhibited. The Jeoneoigan, and the Gapsinjeongbyeon Memorial Place is for memorializing the historic place and events. Throughout the whole place, various models and ceramic picture tiles about the post and telegraph and exhibited for effective education. In conclusion, sustainable management schemes for the site are suggested.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제8권
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• pp.63-94
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• 2005

ChangSayng-Do in the late Chosun dynasty was a kind of traditional painting which sublimated the philosophy and emotion of everyday life into an aesthetic consciousness through a long history of Korean people . It would represent a human wish and desire to live a long and healthy life, which was implicated by way of Taoism. The major themes of ChangSayng-Do - mountains, the sun, cloud, water, rock, deer, tortoises, cranes, pine trees, bamboos, peaches, and herbs of eternal youth - were all symbols used. to wish for a long-life and immortality in real world. All or some of these items were represented in paintings, which resulted in the various kinds of ChangSayng-Do. The main concern of this thesis will be centered around the naturalistic subjects shown in ChangSayng-Do. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter describes the purpose of and need for the research, and its method and scope. The second chapter deals with the origin and style of ChangSayng-Do, and the background of its formation. It is found out that the formative characteristic of ChangSayng-Do lies in the archetype, the unity of man and nature following the traditional view of nature. It is also found out that ChangSayng-Do implied the notions of Supernatural Being, Yin-Yang and Five Elements, Taoism, and Confucianism as well as Korean shamanism. Third chapter is largely about an analytic investigation into symbolic visualization of ChangSayng-Do. Firstly, the subject matters shown in ChangSayng-Do consist of items of wishful omen for long-life and good luck, and any motif in a picture implies a symbolism of eternal youth and long-life. Secondly, the view of colors shown in ChangSayng-Do is closely connected to Five Elements and Five Direction, a traditional oriental philosophy of universe, and these symbolic colors are based on shamanism and Yin/Yang-Five Elements. According to an iconological analysis, it is confirmed that these viewpoints are consistent with formative principles and expressive methods of ChangSayng-Do to some extent. The fourth chapter is one of the most important elements for visualization of ChangSayng-Do. The symbolic meaning of long life and good luck is the major source of its popularity inside the palace as well as among the people in general. The fact that ChangSayng-Do was used to ornament the palace was documented in $\lceil$UiGuey(documents about Chosun dynasty$\rfloor$. Also during the late period of Chosun dynasty, the appreciators of arts had begun to spread from high level class to lower level class, and many pictures represented in $\lceil$Hanyang-Ga$\rfloor$ were the ones produced and circulated for those increased consumers. As for the folk-artistic characteristics, the anonymity and arbitrary naturalness of ChangSayng-Do demonstrates that the folk-artistic elements were fully soaked into the life styles of people in general. ChangSayng-Do further shows that a human being is located in the center of the universe, and that all the natural phenomena and ecology are observed to happen around human beings, and that the results of those happenings are connected to man's course of life. It is discovered that the subject matters of ChangSayng-Do in the late Chosun dynasty imply another idea inside metaphors and symbols. With regard to the arrangement of time and space, the unity or oneness of oneself with the world is more highly regarded than one's individual subjectivity: there exist multiple times and spaces in a single picture This reveals a wholistic view of oneness which does not permit the division between phenomenon and substance. To conclude, this thesis inquired into ChangSayng-Do in the late Chosun dynasty focusing on the expression of archetype-symbols. And through the analysis and demonstration, this thesis re-established constructional principles and formative characteristics of ChangSayng-Do and then settled a new phase of ChangSayng-Do, with a deep under-standing of fundamental thoughts of Korean people underlying ChangSayng-Do.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.38-49
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• 2016

본 연구는 기문과 시문이 장소성의 함의와 원형경관의 유추 및 향유양상을 탐색할 수 있는 근거가 될 수 있다는 전제로 임실 만취정의 원래 위치 및 이건된 위치에서 입지 및 원형경관을 탐색하고 그 의미를 추론하였다. 임실 만취정의 이건 전 후의 장소적 가치와 원형경관 보존을 위해 시도된 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정자의 당호 만취(晩翠)는 작정자 김위가 자신의 호로 삼았으며, 소나무를 마주보게 심고 만취라 편액하였는데, 시문에 근거하면 푸른 소나무와 같은 꿋꿋한 기개를 상징하고 있다. 특히 정자에 내재된 의미와 도입된 상징식물 등을 살펴보았을 때 당호는 절개, 가문의 장생, 생명력 등을 반영한 것으로 해석된다. 둘째, 만취정은 풍수적으로 강 건너 제비형국과 마주한 사두형에 자리잡아 팽팽한 균형을 갖고 있어 절개와 가문 번영을 염원하는 장소성을 지니고 있다. 한편, 이건된 만취정은 풍수적 복치형(伏雉形) 형국으로 해석되는데, 학문과 가문 번영에 대한 계승노력이 전승되고 있음을 유추할 수 있다. 셋째, 만취정은 1572년에서 1582년 사이에 건립되었으며, 이건은 1880년대 말에 이루어졌을 것으로 추정하였다. 넷째, 만취정은 변치 않는 절개와 가문번영의 염원을 장소적 언어로 대입시켰으나 후손들에 의해 만취 김위의 묘 옆으로 이건 됨으로서 조상 추모, 후손 학문번영이라고 하는 가치이동 양상이 추적된다. 다섯째, 이건된 만취정은 온돌방에 비중을 둔 사계절 활용, 공간 확장성을 고려한 툇마루, 주련의 내용 등으로 볼 때 강학공간으로서의 의미를 공유, 전승한 것으로 추론된다. 여섯째, 제영시에 나타난 소나무, 연못, 식물, 계곡, 시냇물 등을 통해 절개, 지조, 깨긋한 심성, 유유자적한 삶, 자아성찰, 인생무상 등의 의미가 투영되는 경관향유 양상이 드러나고 있다. 마지막으로 십영의 제영 언어는 원운과 차별성이 인정되지만 의미나 감흥을 통해 원운십영이 지닌 원형경관 향유양상은 전승되고 있는바 관련 시문분석에 따른 경관탐색은 원형경관 보존 및 활용을 위한 근거가 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2012

본 연구는 대둔산 일지암 다정(茶庭)의 원형적 모습을 고찰한 것이다. 이를 위해 초의(艸衣) 등의 시문에 나타난 일지암의 공간구성과 정원요소를 현재의 그것과 비교함으로써 일지암 조영의 진정성을 강화하기 위한 방안 모색을 시도하고자 하였다. '초의(艸衣)'와 '일지(一枝)'라는 상징어는 물론 시문 속의 단서와 정황을 추적할 때 초의 생존시 소요(逍遙)와 선취(仙趣)를 꾀했던 자득(自得)의 터전이었던 일지암은 매우 고졸(古拙)하고 원대한 조망과 탈속(脫俗)의 미학을 갖춘 다정(茶庭)이었던 것으로 보인다. 일지암에 배치된 다천, 다조, 물확, 다림, 채원, 연지 등의 시설을 다산초당의 그것과 비교할 때, 차문화 공간으로서의 구성요소가 상호 일치하며, 이택(麗澤)을 꾀하기 위한 상 하지의 구성원칙이 동시에 발견된다. 일지암은 초의가 선과 차를 행하던 다선일여의 공간으로 장소성 역사성 조형성 경관성을 연계함으로써 복원의 진정성을 추구해야 할 것이다. 그러나 근년에 이루어진 진입로의 확장, 법당과 설림당 등의 대규모 불사(佛事)는 일지암의 왜소화와 다정으로서의 면모를 왜곡시키는 가장 큰 위협요인이 되고 있다. 특히 일지암과 주변을 시점장으로 하는 조망경관적 탁월성은 여러 시문에서 누차 강조되고 있음을 볼 때, 일지암 주변에 도사린 시각적 교란요인의 제거 및 저감은 일지암의 원형 보존을 위한 선결요인이다. 현존 일지암이 암자(庵子)라기 보다는 초정(草亭)과 같은 느낌을 준다는 견해에 대해서는 보완이 필요하다. 그러나 자우홍련사가 조선시대 누정건축 양식이 접목된 특수한 조형공간으로 불교적이라기보다는 다소 도교적이고 신선적 공간으로 보인다는 견해는 초의는 물론 교유자의 시에서 드러나는 유불융섭(儒彿融攝)의 사상과 은일자적 선취(仙趣)를 상기할 때, 확정적 고증자료가 발굴되지 않는 한 수용할 수준이라 판단된다. 결론적으로 1979년 복원된 일지암은 원형 복원이 아닌 장소 복원의 성격으로 이루어진 것으로, 국내 차문화 공간의 사례를 조합 유추하여 재건(再建)된 것으로 보인다. 아쉽게도 현재 건물 등의 골격이 왜곡되었다고 하더라도 원형복원을 위한 고증 자료가 부족하다. 그럼에도 불구하고 상 하지 연못은 방지(方池) 형태로 수정되어야 할 것으로 보며, 식생과 관련된 측면에서는 개선이 필요하다. 특히 설림당 주변 차밭 조성을 위해 제거된 것으로 보이는 죽림과 일지암 후면의 과원(果園) 조성, 상지 위 포도시렁의 설치, 소나무와 버드나무의 원내 도입 그리고 추녀 밑 다절구의 비치 등은 검토가 요망된다. 이 중 대부분의 시문에서 강조하고 있으며, 초의가 소중히 여겨 가꾼 죽림(竹林)은 다시 원내 적극 도입하는 방안이 강구되어야 할 것이다.