• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1245-1251
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• 2011

본 연구는 축산부문에서 주요한 가축종인 돼지의 사육과 정과 도축 가공과정에서 발생하는 양돈 바이오매스의 발생특성을 조사 분석하고, 전과정 평가 기법을 활용하여 물질(퇴 액비) 및 에너지 (바이오가스) 자원화 잠재량을 평가함으로써 지역단위 바이오매스 순환단지 조성을 위한 기초자료를 확립하고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 양돈 바이오매스의 발생 단계를 사양단계와 도축 가공단계로 구분하여 각각의 단계에서 발생하는 양돈바이오매스의 물질 및 에너지 자원화 잠재량을 평가하였다. 사양단계는 성장단계(사육기간, 평균체중)에 따라 자돈 (1~9주, 23.4 kg), 육성돈 1기 (10~15주, 50 kg), 육성돈 2기 (16~21주, 80 kg), 비육돈 (22~26주, 110 kg)의 단계로 분류하고 도축 가공단계에서 발생하는 혈액과 폐내장류, 장내 잔재물로 구분하여 생산량을 산정하여 양돈 바이오매스의 물질 및 에너지 자원 잠재량을 평가한 결과 돼지 1두에서 발생하는 바이오매스의 총량은 542.02 kg로 나타났다. 양돈 바이오매스는 분 $210.68kg\;head^{-1}$, 뇨 $315.78kg\;head^{-1}$가 발생하는 것으로 평가되었으며, 분뇨 발생량은 성장단계별로 자돈 14.2%, 육성돈 1기 19.6%, 육성돈 2기 30.9%, 비육돈 35.2%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 양돈 바이오매스에서 기인하는 매탄 생산 잠재량은 $24.56Nm^3\;head^{-1}$이였으며, 사양 단계에서 기인하는 메탄 생산 잠재량이 92.9%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. BMP 시험에 의한 최대 메탄생산량은 $16.58Nm^3\;head^{-1}$로 나타나 매탄 생산 잠재량의 67.5%가 에너지로 전환 가능하였으며, 94.4%가 사양 단계에서 기인하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 하수슬러지, 돈분뇨, 음식물쓰레기 탈리액을 단독 또는 혼합 주입한 회분식 혐기성 소화를 수행하여 바이오가스 생산 및 유기물 저감 효율 비교 평가를 통해 병합소화의 타당성을 검토하였다. 타당성 검토 대상은 M시에서 발생하는 하수슬러지 178 톤/일, 돈분뇨 해양 투기량 및 축산폐수처리장 유입량 150 톤/일, 음식물쓰레기 탈리액 소각량 8톤/일이다. 유기성 폐기물 별 혐기성 소화 특성을 회분식 실험을 통해 고찰한 결과, 검토된 보조기질(돈분뇨, 음식물쓰레기 탈리액)이 메탄수율, 메탄 생산성, 유기물 제거 효율 측면에서 하수슬러지에 비해 우수한 성능을 나타내었다. 하수슬러지, 돈분뇨, 음식물쓰레기 탈리액의 병합 소화를 수행한 결과, 대상 유기성 폐기물 전량을 하수처리장 소화조로 투입하는 경우, 하수슬러지 단독 소화 대비, 5.6 배$(530\;m^{3}\;CH_{4}/d\;{\rightarrow}\;2,968\;m^{3}\;CH_{4}/d)$ 높은 메탄생산 잠재량을 보일 것으로 나타났다. 다만 소화조 유출수가 기존에 비해 1.88 배 증가하고, 유출수 내 오염물질 부하(COD, T-N, T-P)가 3.79-4.92배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 병합소화는 하수처리장 에너지 자립화에 큰 기여를 할 수 있으나, 적용 시 하수처리장으로의 반송 등 소화조 유출수 처리 방안의 확보 방안이 함께 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.607-628
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• 1999

The swine waste industry is growing rapidly along with the world human population. The trend is toward more concentrated piggeries with numbers of herds in the thousands. Associated with these increased herds are large quantities of wastes, including organic matter, inorganic nutrients, and gaseous emissions. The trend in swine waste management is toward treatment of these wastes to minimize negative impact on the health and comfort of workers and animals and the atmosphere, water, and soil environments. Treatment of these wastes has traditionally involved land application, lagoons, oxidation ditches, and conventional batch and continuously stirred reactor designs. More sophisticated treatment systems are being implemented, involving advanced anaerobic digester designs, integrated with solids separation, aerobic polishing of digester effluents, and biological nutrient removal. This review discusses the present and future role of anaerobic processes in piggery waste treatment with emphasis on reactor design, operating and performance parameters, and effluent processing.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.356-361
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• 2014

The coal fly ash (CFA) may be utilized as an extender for organic waste composting at the same time fully expected to solve all industrial waste disposal and sawdust tribe. The main objective in this study was to evaluate the effect of CFA addition as a bulking agent for swine manure composting. To determine the suitable addition rate of CFA as a bulking agent, 0, 10, 20 and 30% of saw dust were mixed with 30, 20, 10 and 0% of coal fly ash, respectively. Compost quality for swine manure composting was to evaluate temperature, pH, C/N ratio, and phytotoxicity as germination index. Stability of compost increased with increasing levels of CFA as bulking agent during swine manure composting due to the high alkaline materials including CFA. C to N ratio in treatment added CFA was higher than that of the control without CFA. After finishing composting, germination index of lettuce and cabbage in swine manure compost added 10% of CFA was similar to the control, all the heavy metal contents were far below the stipulated standard for organic farming. These results indicated tahr coal fly ash as bulking agents might be alternative materials to save saw dust and apply industrial products for swine manure composting.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary swine manure and food waste on feeding and drinking behaviours in broiler chicks. A total of 240 birds with 40g of initial weight were randomly assigned in the 8$\times$3 randomized complete block design and 10 birds per replicate. Extrusion recycled feeds(ERF) were prepared by extruding a mixture of 40% swine manure+40% food waste(FW)+20% corn. The birds assigned to one of the 8 dietary regimens; 0, 10, 30, 40% ERF of 20, 40, 60% FW in the place of a commercial boiler starter diet. Video recording were made after one week of adaptation period to the regimen. The tapes were played in a slow motion to examine feeding and drinking behaviour. Feeding and drinking times were greater in the day time at the night. Feeding times peaked at 4 hour intervals. Drinking time increased about 2 times on FW feeding compared to the other treatment groups. The results indicated that feeding and drinking behaviour could be influenced by the dietary regimens and that FW feeding increased drinking. The data also suggested that the FW could replace within 40% of broiler starter diet.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1999

본 연구는 실험실 규모의 회분식 반응기로 음식물쓰레기와 돈분을 퇴비화하였으며, 수분, C/N비 및 비중 조절재로써 톱밥과 코코넛 피트를 사용하였다. 첨가재로 톱밥만을 이용하여 생산된 퇴비와 톱밥과 코코넛 피트를 이용하여 생산된 퇴비를 비교하여 볼 때, 전자가 후자보다 감량율과 분해율이 약간씩 높게 나타났다. 이는 코코넛 피트가 톱밥보다 보습력이 뛰어났기 때문이며, 초기 수분량이 낮고, 통기성이 좋아 적정의 비중조절이 가능하여 호기성 발효를 촉진할수 있었다. 음식물 쓰레기만에 의한 퇴비는 그 비료성분이 부산물 비료의 기준을 만족시킬 수 없으며, 따라서 음식물쓰레기와 돈분을 동일 비율로 혼합하여 양질의 퇴비를 생산할 수 있었다. CEC값은 평균적으로 63.8me/100g 이었다. 톱밥의 높은 C/N비 때문에 퇴비화 초기의 C/N비는 적절하게 조절되었다. C/N비(>40)가 높을수록 감소율이 컸으며, 퇴비화하는 동안의 C/N비는 점점 향상되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.589-594
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• 2016

The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of odor reducing agents on the levels of pH, total carbon, total nitrogen, and odorous compounds [phenols, indoles, short chain fatty acid (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA), and ammonium nitrogen] of swine manure during the spring season (temperature around $20^{\circ}C$). Odor reducing agents included horseradish powder, mushroom waste powder, and almond hull powder. A manure sample (15 L) was taken from the pit under the pens of a swine feeding operation and incubated with 0.03% horseradish powder, 1% mushroom waste powder, and 1% almond hull powder, respectively, in acryl chambers for 14 days. Addition of almond hull powder showed the lowest pH (p < 0.05) and the highest level of total carbon (p < 0.05) among treatments of odor reducing agents. Although addition of odor reducing agents increased the level of phenols (p < 0.05), addition of almond hull powder decreased the level of indoles (p < 0.05). Levels of SCFA and BCFA were higher in almond hull powder than those in control (p < 0.05). Taken together, the results from our current study showed that odor reducing agents can be used for reducing the odor of swine manure by providing fermentable carbohydrates. At $20^{\circ}C$, however, the function of odor reducing agents might be decreased due to lower microbial activity.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2000

A two-phase anaerobic digestion system for the treatment of swine waste was constructed in a commercial hog farm. The digester system was composed of 4 major units; slurry storage pit, acidogenic digester, methanogenic digester and sedimentation pit. A biogas boiler unit was also attached to maintain the digester temperature of 37$^{\circ}C$. Substrate lading was made with 2hr-interval by pumping about 2.1$m^3$ of slurry type swine waste from the slurry pit into the acidogenic digester, which corresponds to hydraulic retention time of 4 days for the acidogenic digester and of 11 days for the methanogenic digester. Digester temperature were well maintained as the set temperature of 37$^{\circ}C$ in the methanogenic digester, while the temperature in the acidogenic digester showed around 34$^{\circ}C$. pH also showed a steady-state results of 7.3 in the acidogenic digester and of 7.6 in the methanogenic digester during the operation period. Average biogas production rate was 0.66$m^3$/$m^3$ digester volume. Reduction rate of total solid and volatile solid were 42.8% and 5.8%, respectively. Total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were not reduced during the anaerobic fermentation, however, most of VFAs seemed to be converted to the biogas,. These fermentation performance data may suggest that he newly developed a two-phase anaerobic digester for the swine waste treatment worked so successfully.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2012

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of anaerobic digestion of Chinese cabbage waste juice (CCWJ) and swine manure(SM). Methods: The anaerobic digestion test was conducted under batch and continuous conditions at mesophilic temperature ($36-38^{\circ}C$). The batch test was divided into Experiment I and II. In the Experiment I, biogas potential and production rate of CCWJ was evaluated. In Experiment II the effect of F/M ratio (2.0, 3.2, 4.9) at mixture ratio of 25:75(CCWJ: SM, % vol. basis) on biogas yield was studied. Results: CCWJ produced biogas and methane yield of 929 and 700 mL/g VS added respectively. The biogas yield from the mixture of CCWJ and SM was almost same at F/M ratio of 2.0 and 3.2 but dropped by 14% when F/M ratio increased from 3.2 to 4.9. In continuous test the mixture of CCWJ and SM (25:75, % vol. basis) produced biogas yield of 352 mL/g VS added which is around 11% higher compared to biogas yield from SM alone. Addition to biogas yield digester performance was also improved with co-digestion of CCWJ with SM. Conclusions: The results showed that the anaerobic digestion of CCWJ with SM could be promising for improving both the biogas yield and digester performance at mesophilic temperature.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2008

This paper presents the experimental results in five months operation from a combined anaerobic/oxic system treating swine waste with average concentrations in organic matter and nitrogen of 7,930 mgCOD/L and 671 mgTKN/L, respectively. The system was formed using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and oxic reactor connected in series with a recycling line of oxic effluents to UASB for its denitrification. The UASB reactor was operated at an organic volumetric loading rate (VLR) of $2.1{\sim}4.5\;kgTCOD/m^3$/day and the removal efficiency of TCOD was $66.3{\sim}85.4%$. The overall removal efficiency of TCOD was more than 99%. The oxic reactor was operated at a nitrogen VLR of $0.10{\sim}0.20\;kgTKN/m^3$/day and the nitrification efficiency was 75%. However, the complete denitrification was observed in the UASB reactor that was due to the optimal temperature and sufficient carbon source. The overall removal rate of TN was about 80%. About 76.2% of the influent COD mass was accountable in a COD mass balance at a level of VLR $3.64\;kgCOD/m^3$/day. The production rate of methane was $0.32\;LCH_4/gCOD_{removed}$ when influent organics, VLR, were recorded by $3.4{\sim}4.5\;kgCOD/m^3$/day.