• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is a common microbial flora in pet turtles, which could opportunistically become pathogenic to human. Their possession of aminoglycoside resistance genes has important significance both in humans and animal medicine. In this study, twenty-one Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated from thirty-five individual turtles purchased from pet shops and online markets in Korea. In order to characterize the aminoglycoside susceptibility patterns, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed against gentamicin, amikacin and kanamycin of aminoglycoside antimicrobial group. Each of the isolates showed susceptibility to all tested aminoglycosides in disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. PCR assay was carried out to determine aminoglycoside resistance genes, integron and integron mediated aminoglycoside genes. None of the isolates showed aac(3)-IIa, aac-(6')-Ib, armA, aphAI-IAB aminoglycoside resistance genes. Only, five isolates (24%) harbored class 1 integron related IntI1 integrase gene. The results suggest that Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from pet turtles are less resistance to aminoglycosides and don't harbor any aminoglycosides resistance genes.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2015

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects children, and can result in coronary artery lesions (CAL). A patient with KD who is resistant to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has a higher risk of developing CAL. Incomplete KD has increased in prevalence in recent years, and is another risk factor for the development of CAL. Although the pathogenesis of KD remains unclear, there has been increasing evidence for the role of genetic susceptibility to the disease since it was discovered in 1967. We retrospectively reviewed previous genetic research for known susceptibility genes in the pathogenesis of KD, IVIG resistance, and the development of CAL. This review revealed numerous potential susceptibility genes including genetic polymorphisms of ITPKC, CASP3, the transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ signaling pathway, B lymphoid tyrosine kinase, FCGR2A, KCNN2, and other genes, an imbalance of Th17/Treg, and a range of suggested future treatment options. The results of genetic research may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of KD, and aid in the discovery of new treatment modalities for high-risk patients with KD.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2003

Genomic epidemiology is defined as 'an evoking field of inquiring that uses the systematic application of epidemiologic methods are approaches in population-based studies of the impact of human genetic variation on health and disease (Khoury, 1998)'. Most human diseases are caused by the intricate interaction among environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility factors. Susceptibility genes involved in disease pathogenesis are categorized into two groups: high penetrance genes (i.e., BRAC1, RB, etc.) and lour penetranoe genes (i.e., GSTs, Cyps, XRCC1, ets.), and low penetrance susceptibility genes has the higher priority for epidemiological research due to high population attributable risk. In this paper, the summarized results of the association study between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast cancer in Korea were introduced and the international trends of genomic epidemiology research were reviewed with an emphasis on internee-based case-control and cohort consortium.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.161.2-161.2
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• 2003

In order to investigate the pathogenic genes and genetic relationships of Y. pseudotuberculosis, we isolated 9 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis from about 380 spring water sites in Seoul and carried out antibiotic susceptibility test, biological test and molecular typing. All isolated strains were distributed throughout the northeast area in Seoul (Mt. Bookhan, Mt. Soorak, Mt. Boolam and etc...).Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all the strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, neomycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, but were resistant to novobiocin and vancomycin. (omitted)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2020

Objective: Porcine respiratory disease is one of the most important health problems causing significant economic losses. To understand the genetic basis for susceptibility to swine enzootic pneumonia (EP) in pigs, we detected 102,809 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a total of 249 individuals based on genome-wide sequencing data. Methods: Genome comparison of susceptibility to swine EP in three pig breeds (Jinhua, Erhualian, and Meishan) with two western lines that are considered more resistant (Duroc and Landrace) using cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity and F-statistic (F_ST) statistical approaches identified 691 positively selected genes. Based on quantitative trait loci, gene ontology terms and literature search, we selected 14 candidate genes that have convincible biological functions associated with swine EP or human asthma. Results: Most of these genes were tested by several methods including transcription analysis and candidate genes association study. Among these genes: cytochrome P450 1A1 and catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) are involved in fertility; transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 plays a role in meat quality traits; Wnt family member 2, CTNNB1 and transcription factor 7 take part in adipogenesis and fat deposition simultaneously; plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (completely linked to AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, r² = 1) plays an essential role in the successful ovulation of matured oocytes in pigs; colipase like 2 (strongly linked to SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor, r² = 0.848) is involved in male fertility. Conclusion: These adverse genes susceptible to swine EP may be selected while selecting for economic traits (especially reproduction traits) due to pleiotropic and hitchhiking effect of linked genes. Our study provided a completely new point of view to understand the genetic basis for susceptibility or resistance to swine EP in pigs thereby, provides insight for designing sustainable breed selection programs. Finally, the candidate genes are crucial due to their potential roles in respiratory diseases in a large number of species, including human.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2017

Enhanced disease susceptibility1 (EDS1) is a regulator of basal defense responses required for resistance mediated by TIR-NBS-LRR containing R proteins. We identified three transcripts of EDS1-like genes encompassing diverse/separate expression patterns, based on the transcriptome analysis by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of V. flexuosa inoculated with Elsinoe ampelina. These genes were designated VfEDL1 (Vitis flexuosa Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1-like1), VfEDL2 and VfEDL3, and contained 2464, 1719 and 1599 bp, with 1791, 1227 and 1599 bp open reading frames (ORFs), encoding proteins of 596, 408 and 532 amino acids, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences of all three genes showed the L-family lipase-like domain (class 3 lipase domain), and exhibited a potential lipase catalytic triad, aspartic acid, histidine and serine in the conserved G-X-S-X-G. All three VfEDL genes were upregulated at 1 hpi against the bacterial and fungal pathogens Rizhobiumvitis and E. ampelina, respectively, except VfEDL1, which was downregulated against E. ampelina at all time points. Against E. ampelina, VfEDL2 and VfEDL3 showed downregulated expression at later time points. When evaluated against R. vitis, VfEDL1 showed downregulated expression at all time points after 1 hpi, while VfEDL3 showed upregulation up to 24 hpi. Based on the expression response, all three genes may be involved in plant resistant responses against R. vitis, and VfEDL2 and VfEDL3 show additional resistant responses against E. ampelina infection.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2015

본 연구는 들깻잎과 들깻잎 생산환경을 대상으로 31개의 시료를 채취하여 S. aureus 를 분리 하였다. 분리된 S. aureus 31주의 toxicity를 평가하고자 독소유전자와 항생제 내성을 검색하였다. 그 결과 분리된 균주에서 4개의 서로 다른 독소유전자 패턴은 확인하였으며 sea와 sed유전자를 동시에 보유하는 균주는 4균주 (12.9%)였고, sed 유전자를 보유하는 균주는 9균주 (29.0%)였으며 see 유전자를 보유하는 균주는 1균주 (3.2%)였다. 한편 seb와 sec 유전자를 보유하는 균주는 없었다. 항생제 내성평가결과, 12제의 항생제(penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cephalothin, imipenem, gentamicin, tetracycline, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and erythromycin)에 내성을 보인 균주는 7균주 (22.6%)였다. 또한 분리된 균주의 2균주 (2.6%)는 5제의 항생제(penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamycin, and telithromycin)에 내성을 보였고 MRSA (Methicilline Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)는 포장지, 장갑, 들깻잎에서 발견되었다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 들깻잎에 오염된 S. aureus에 의하여 독소형 식중독이 발생할 가능성을 시사하며 들깻잎과 생산 환경에서 항생제 저항성 S. aureus가 검출되어 의약계뿐만 아니라 농업현장에서도 항생제내성균주 출현을 예방하는 대책이 요구된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.870-877
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• 2020

Twenty-three Bacillus cereus strain isolated from commercial jeotgal were investigated for 11 toxin genes and susceptibility to 25 different antimicrobials. The hemolytic enterotoxins hblA, hblC, and hblD were detected in 13.0%, and non-hemolytic enterotoxins nheA, nheB, and nheC were detected in 26.1%, 100%, and 100% of the isolates, respectively. The positive rates of cytK, entFM, becT, hlyII, and ces were 73.9%, 60.9%, 26.1%, 8.7%, and 0.0%, respectively. According to the disk diffusion susceptibility test, all of the strains studied were resistant to cefuroxime, followed by cefoxitin (78.3%), oxacillin (78.3%), ampicillin (69.6%), penicillin G (69.6%), and amoxicillin (65.2%). However, all the strains were susceptible to 11 other antimicrobials, including amikacin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. The average minimum inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin, ampicillin, and cefuroxime against B. cereus were 462.9, 235.0, and 135.0 ㎍/mL, respectively. These results highlight the need for sanitizing commercial jeotgal, and provide evidence to help reduce the risk of jeotgal contamination by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.668-679
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• 2023

Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most significant fish pathogens, causes edwardsiellosis in a variety of freshwater fish species, and its antibiotic resistance against multiple drugs has made it a health risk worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance (ABR) genes of E. tarda and establish its antibiotic susceptibility. Thus, 540 fish (299 Oreochromis niloticus, 138 O. mossambicus, and 103 O. aureus) were collected randomly from twelve fish farms in three districts of Punjab in Pakistan. E. tarda was recovered from 147 fish showing symptoms of exophthalmia, hemorrhages, skin depigmentation, ascites, and bacteria-filled nodules in enlarged liver and kidney. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing proved chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin effective, but amoxicillin, erythromycin, and flumequine ineffective in controlling edwardsiellosis. Maximum occurrence of qnrA, blaTEM, and sul3 genes of E. tarda was detected in 45% in the liver, 58%, and 42% respectively in the intestine; 46.5%, 67.2%, and 55.9% respectively in O. niloticus; 24%, 36%, and 23% respectively in summer with respect to fish organs, species, and season, respectively. Motility, H₂S, indole, methyl red, and glucose tests gave positive results. Overall, E. tarda infected 27.2% of fish, which ultimately caused 7.69% mortality. The Chi-squared test of independence showed a significant difference in the occurrence of ABR genes of E. tarda with respect to sampling sites. In conclusion, the misuse of antibacterial agents has led to the emergence of ABR genes in E. tarda, which in association with high temperatures cause multiple abnormalities in infected fish and ultimately resulting in massive mortality.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2018

Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) are involved in plant development and disease resistance. Only some of the RLPs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) have been functionally characterized though 176 genes encoding RLPs, which have been identified in the tomato genome. To further understand the role of RLPs in tomato, we performed genome-guided classification and transcriptome analysis of these genes. Phylogenic comparisons revealed that the tomato RLP members could be divided into eight subgroups and that the genes evolved independently compared to similar genes in Arabidopsis. Based on location and physical clustering analyses, we conclude that tomato RLPs likely expanded primarily through tandem duplication events. According to tissue specific RNA-seq data, 71 RLPs were expressed in at least one of the following tissues: root, leaf, bud, flower, or fruit. Several genes had expression patterns that were tissue specific. In addition, tomato RLP expression profiles after infection with different pathogens showed distinguish gene regulations according to disease induction and resistance response as well as infection by bacteria and virus. Notably, Some RLPs were highly and/or unique expressed in susceptible tomato to pathogen, suggesting that the RLP could be involved in disease response, possibly as a host-susceptibility factor. Our study could provide an important clues for further investigations into the function of tomato RLPs involved in developmental and response to pathogens.