• 제목/요약/키워드: survival signal

검색결과 220건 처리시간 0.03초

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Related DNA Repair and Radiation-Resistance Regulatory Mechanisms: A Mini-Review

  • Bai, Jing;Guo, Xiao-Guang;Bai, Xiao-Ping
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권10호
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    • pp.4879-4881
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    • 2012
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The EGFR modulates DNA repair after radiation-induced damage through an association with the catalytic subunit of DNA protein kinase. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal type of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, and non-homologous end joining is the predominant pathway for repair of radiation-induced DSBs. Some cell signaling pathways that respond to normal growth factors are abnormally activated in human cancer. These pathways also invoke the cell survival mechanisms that lead to resistance to radiation. The molecular connection between the EGFR and its control over DNA repair capacity appears to be mediated by one or more signaling pathways downstream of this receptor. The purpose of this mini-review was not only to highlight the relation of the EGFR signal as a regulatory mechanism to DNA repair and radiation resistance, but also to provide clues to improving existing radiation resistance through novel therapies based on the above-mentioned mechanism.

Interferon Tau in the Ovine Uterus

  • Song, Gwon-Hwa;Han, Jae-Yong;Spencer, Thomas E.;Bazer, Fuller W.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제51권6호
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    • pp.471-484
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    • 2009
  • The peri-implantation period in mammals is critical with respect to survival of the conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes) and establishment of pregnancy. During this period of pregnancy, reciprocal communication between ovary, conceptus, and endometrium is required for successful implantation and placentation. At this time, interferon tau (IFNT) is synthesized and secreted by the mononuclear trophectodermal cells of the conceptus between days 10 and 21~25. The actions of IFNT to signal pregnancy recognition and induce or increase expression of IFNT-stimulated genes (ISGs), such as ISG15 and OAS, are mediated by the Type I IFN signal transduction pathway. This article reviews the history, signaling pathways of IFNT and the uterine expression of several IFNT-stimulated genes during the peri-implantation period. Collectively, these newly identified genes are believed to be critical to unraveling the mechanism(s) of reciprocal fetal-maternal interactions required for successful implantation and pregnancy.

Sum Rate Approximation of Zero-Forcing Beamforming with Semi-Orthogonal User Selection

  • Yang, Jang-Hoon;Jang, Seung-Hun;Kim, Dong-Ku
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.222-230
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we present a closed-form approximation of the average sum rate of zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming (BF) with semi-orthogonal user selection (SUS). We first derive the survival probability associated with the SUS that absolute square of the channel correlation between two users is less than the orthogonalization level threshold (OLT).With this result, each distribution for the number of surviving users at each iteration of the SUS and the number of streams for transmission is calculated. Secondly, the received signal power of ZF-BF is represented as a function of the elements of the upper triangular matrix from QR decomposition of the channel matrix. Thirdly, we approximate the received signal power of ZF-BF with the SUS as the maximum of scaled chisquare random variables where the scaling factor is approximated as a function of both OLT and the number of users in the system. Putting all the above derivations and order statistics together, the approximated ergodic sum rate of ZF-BF with the SUS is shown in a closed form. The simulation results verify that the approximation tightly matches with the sample average for any OLT and even for a small number of users.

Ginsenoside Rd and ischemic stroke; a short review of literatures

  • Nabavi, Seyed Fazel;Sureda, Antoni;Habtemariam, Solomon;Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.299-303
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    • 2015
  • Panax ginseng is a well-known economic medical plant that is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine. This species contains a unique class of natural products-ginsenosides. Recent clinical and experimental studies have presented numerous lines of evidence on the promising role of ginsenosides on different diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. Nowadays, most of the attention has focused on ginsenoside Rd as a neuroprotective agent to attenuate ischemic stroke damages. Some of the evidence showed that ginsenoside Rd ameliorates ischemic stroke-induced damages through the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. Ginsenoside Rd can prolong neural cells' survival through the upregulation of the endogenous antioxidant system, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 pathways, preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential, suppression of the nuclear factor-kappa B, transient receptor potential melastatin, acid sensing ion channels 1a, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, protein tyrosine kinase activation, as well as reduction of cytochrome c-releasing and apoptosis-inducing factor. In the current work, we review the available reports on the promising role of ginsenoside Rd on ischemic stroke. We also discuss its chemistry, source, and the molecular mechanism underlying this effect.

Caspase Cleavage of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in the Dependence Receptor Family

  • Gyu Hwan Park;Yoo Kyung Kang;Seung-Mann Paek;Chan Young Shin;Sun-Young Han
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.359-369
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    • 2023
  • Dependence receptors are a group of receptor proteins with shared characteristics of transducing two different signals within cells. They can transduce a positive signal of survival and differentiation in the presence of ligands. On the other hand, dependence receptors can transduce an apoptosis signal in the absence of ligands. The function of these receptors depends on the availability of their ligands. Several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been reported as dependence receptors. When cells undergo apoptosis by dependence receptors, the intracellular domain of some RTKs is cleaved by the caspases. Among the RTKs that belong to dependence receptors, we focused on eight RTKs (RET, HER2, MET, ALK, TrkC, EphA4, EphB3, and c-KIT) that are cleaved by caspases. In this review, we describe the features of the receptors, their cleavage sites, and the fate of the cleaved products, as well as recent implications on them being used as potential therapeutics for cancer treatment.

호흡신호 무선 통신 시스템 개발 (The Wireless Monitoring System of Respiration Signal)

  • 손병희;장종찬;양효식;차은종
    • 융합신호처리학회논문지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.157-162
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 심폐소생술 (CPR) 중 인공호흡의 무선 전송 시스템 구현에 관한 것으로, 병원 전 단계에서의 CPR 성과를 높임으로써 응급환자의 생존율을 높이기 위한 환자-병원간 무선 통신 시스템이다. 기도삽관 기반 호흡기류센서를 적용하여 호흡량을 측정하였는데, 기도삽관을 통한 인공호흡은 기류량의 손실을 최소화하여 보다 정확한 흡기-호기량 계측이 가능하고, 기도-식도 구분을 통해 식도팽창을 방지하여 다른 인공호흡 방법에 비해 장점을 입증하였다. 또, 인공호흡 주요지표인 분당 평균호흡량 (V), 호기말 이산화탄소 농도 ($EtCO_2$), 기도압력 (Ptr)을 디지털화하여 정의하였으며 정의된 데이터를 무선 통신 시스템을 이용하여 전송망의 대역폭 및 지연시간을 확인하였다. 호흡신호를 전송하기 위해 필요한 최대대역폭 (815 Kbps) 에 비해 Wireless LAN의 대역폭 (54 Mbps) 이 충분하여 네트워크 부하는 1.5 % 미만이었으며, 전송지연시간은 0.3 초 이내로 측정되었다.

Inhibitory Effect of Curcumin on Invasion of Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma A431 Cells

  • Wu, Jian;Lu, Wen-Ying;Cui, Lei-Lei
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권7호
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    • pp.2813-2818
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    • 2015
  • Objective: To investigate the regulatory effect of curcumin on expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in skin squamous cell carcinoma tissues as well as possible mechanisms of curcumin in prevention and treatment of skin squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Highly invasive A431 cells were treated with curcumin at various doses .The cytotoxic effects of treatment with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 50 umol/L curcumin for 24, 48 and 72 hours on A431 cells were measured by MTT assay. The invasion capacity of cells treated with 5, 10 and 15 umol/L curcumin was measured by Transwell test, while adhesive ability was assessed by cell adhesion assay. The effects of 5,10 and 15 umol/L curcumin on expression levels of STAT3 were determined by Western blotting and on transcription levels of STAT3 mRNA by RT-PCR. Results: Treatment with curcumin at a doses of more than 15 umol/L for more than 24 hour inhibited the growth of A431 cells in a time-and dose-dependent fashion (p<0.001). The doses of 15 umol/L and less for 24 hours showed no significant cytotoxic effects on the cells, survival rates being more than 85%.The invasion and adhesive abilities decreased gradually with the increasing curcumin concentration, 15 umol/L exerting the strongest inhibitory effects (p<0.05). Curcumin showed significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the transcription level of STAT3 mRNA (p<0.05). Conclusions: Curcumin may reduce the invasive ability of A431 cells by inhibiting the activation of STAT3 signal pathway and expression of STAT3 as a target gene in the pathway.

Bacillus subtilis와 Listeria monocytogenes의 일반 스트레스반응의 비교 (Comparison of the ${\sigma}^B$-Dependent General Stress Response between Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes)

  • 신지현
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.10-16
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    • 2009
  • 일부 그람양성세균들은 고온, 저온, 염, 에탄올, 산소와 영양분 고갈과 같은 다양한 스트레스 상태에 노출되면, 일반 스트레스반응(general stress response)에 의해서 일련의 스트레스 단백질군을 발현시켜 외부 스트레스를 극복하고 세균의 생존력을 증가시킨다. 비병원성균인 Bacillus subtilis의 일반 스트레스반응에 관해서는 많은 연구가 이루어져 있으므로 다른 균의 연구모델로 이용이 가능하다. 본 총설에서는 B. subtilis와 병원성균인 Listeria monocytogenes의 일반 스트레스반응의 유사성과 차이점을 B. subtilis를 모델로 하여 비교하였다. 두 균의 일반 스트레스반응은 대체 전사 인자인 ${\sigma}^B$ (alternative transcription factor sigma B)에 의해서 조절되고 신호전달 네트워크 또한 매우 유사하며, ${\sigma}^B$ 의존성 유전자들에 의해 150여 개의 스트레스 단백질들이 발현된다. 그러나 L. monocytogenes는 B. subtilis의 에너지 스트레스 신호 경로를 가지고 있지 않은 점과, 일반 스트레스반응에 의해 병독 유전자들(virulence genes)이 조절되는 것이 가장 큰 차이점이다. 그러므로 L. monocytogenes의 생리 및 병원성 규명을 위해서는 일반 스트레스반응에 관한 이해가 매우 중요하다.

Bacillus subtilis의 Pho Regulon을 통한 인산 결핍 스트레스 반응 (Phosphate Deficiency Stress Response Mediated by Pho Regulon in Bacillus subtilis)

  • 박재용
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.113-121
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    • 2010
  • 인산 결핍기에 직면한 Bacillus subtilis는 PhoP-PhoR twocomponent system (TCS)를 통해 이러한 상황을 인식하고 생존을 유지하기 위해 Pho regulon으로 불리는 일련의 유전자들의 발현을 조절한다. 이때 histidine kinase인 PhoR은 자동 인산화되어, 인산을 response regulator인 PhoP에 전달한다. 인산화된 PhoP (PhoP~P)는 Pho regulon 유전자의 프로모터(promoter) 부위에 존재하는 반복되는 6 bp의 잘 보존된 PhoP 결합서열에 결합하여 해당 유전자의 발현을 활성화시키거나 억제한다. 이러한 Pho regulon 신호전달 시스템은 최소한 세 개의 TCS (PhoP-PhoR, ResD-ResE TCS, SpoOA phosphorelay), 광범위한 탄소대사 조절자(CcpA), 전위기 조절자(AbrB, ScoC) 등을 포함하는 신호전달 시스템과 밀접하게 상호 연결되어 있을 뿐만 아니라, 생육에 필수적인 YycF-YycG TCS와 상호조절을 통한 밀접한 관련을 가지고 있다. Pho regulon에 의한 인산결핍 스트레스 반응을 이해하는데 많은 진척이 있었으나, 많은 의문들은 여전히 남아있다. 이러한 의문들을 푸는 일은 B.subtilis의 응용연구에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

곤충의 의사소통: 개념, 채널 및 상황 (Insect Communication: Concepts, Channels and Contexts)

  • 장이권
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.383-393
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    • 2011
  • 의사소통은 생존과 번식을 위해 필요한 행동을 가능하게 하기 때문에 행동과 진화연구에 중추적이다. 동물의 신호와 관련하여 가장 중요하고 어려운 문제 중의 하나는 의사소통의 정의이다. 넓게 봐서 의사소통은 신호자로부터 수신자로의 정보제공이다. 그러나 신호의 진화는 정보교환으로 신호자와 수신자 모두 적합도가 증가할 때만 가능하다. 이것을 '참의사소통'이라한다. 동물들이 의사소통할 때 감각채널로 흔히 화학물질, 빛, 소리를 이용한다. 화학신호를 이용한 의사소통은 가장 오래되고, 거의 모든 동물들이 사용하는 방법이다. 변조의 용이, 신호생산의 유연성, 빠른 전송 때문에 빛 과 소리를 이용한 의사소통은 보다 많은 양의 정보를 전달할 수 있다. 교미행동과 충돌해결은 동물들이 의사소통하는 가장 흔한 상황이다. 교미행동에 사용되는 신호는 보통 종에 대한 정보와 성적 매력도에 대한 정보를 담고 있으며, 충돌해결에 사용되는 정보는 신호자의 싸움능력에 대한 정보를 담고 있다. 이외에도 동물들이 의사소통하는 상황은 영역방어, 부모자식 상호작용, 사회통합, 환경정보 공유, 자기의사 소통을 포함한다.