• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 1969

Relationship of soil properties and seasonal variation on microbilogical population to-continuous culture and first-time culture of ginseng was investigated by bimonthly from May 1976 to January 1977. pH and P contents of 2 years continuous culture of soil were higher than other culture plot of soil, and contraty to the above, 2 years first-time culture of ginseng soil was conplot of soil, and contraty to the above, 2 years first-time culture of ginseng soil was contained more potassium contents than other culture plot of soil. In microbiological fluctuation with seasonr in various soil conditions, the population, trends of Fusarium spp., Erwiniaspp., and flourescent Psedudomonas spp. were increased in May and July in general, but decreased in the other month. It was observed that in all type of soil, Fusarium spp. was distributed in abundance in and on rihizosphere, and decreased the propagules numbers as soil depth increase. The numbers of Erwinia spp. and fluorescent Pseudo-monas spp. were distributed greater in numbers on the surface zone of soil depth decreasing the numbers along the soil layer increase, and also in 2years continuous culture of soil especially, a great numbers of Erwinia spp. and fluorescent Pseudomonas were evenly distributed in surface zone and rhizosphere. Ginseng disease with a high incidence of bacterial disease in continuous culture of 2 and 4 years was seemed to be associated with soil bacteria that was high in numbers of Erwinia spp. and fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in May and July.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.97-98
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• 2012

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1603-1611
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• 2009

High-cell-density cultivation of yeast was investigated using the agricultural waste products corn steep liquor (CSL) and molasses. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae KV-25 cell mass was significantly dependent on the ratio between C and N sources. The concentrations of molasses and CSL in the culture medium were statistically optimized at 10.25% (v/v) and 16.87% (v/v), respectively, by response surface methodology (RSM). Batch culture in a 5-l stirred tank reactor using the optimized medium resulted in a cell mass production of 36.5 g/l. In the fed-batch culture, the feed phase was preceded by a batch phase using the optimized medium, and a very high dried-cell-mass yield of 187.63 g/l was successfully attained by feeding a mixture of 20% (v/v) molasses and 80% (v/v) CSL at a rate of 22 ml/h. In this system, the production of cell mass depended mainly on the agitation speed, the composition of the feed medium, and the glucose level in the medium, but only slightly on the aeration rate.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1049-1060
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop a shirt pattern that enhances the functionality of golf swing motions. The pattern was made with 3D body surface shape data that changed according to dynamic golf postures. The data were collected from the golf swing motions. The 3D body surface data in golf swing postures piled up on the 3D surface data in a static posture. The results showed that the surface shape data changed more in the address, back swing, and finish postures than the other swing postures. The experimental pattern was developed with 3D surface scan data in those three golf swing motions. The pattern had raglan sleeves and the front-bodied piece was divided into two pieces with a princess line, which comes from armscye line of the address posture. The back bodice piece was divided into three pieces with a yoke line and a back princess line. The yoke line was made by back shoulder shape in the back swing posture. The level of comfort of the experimental garment and commercial golf shirts was evaluated by 38 women golfers. The experimental garment pattern was evaluated to be more comfortable in golf swing postures than commercial golf shirts.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2003

Clumping of cells is one of the major obstacles to culture wild myxobacterial strains in liquid media. In an effort to solve this problem, we tried a method isolating spontaneous mutants that grow dispersed in liquid media from a wild myxobacterial strain. Myxococcus stipitatus KYC1001, a newly isolated strain from Gyearyongsan National Park in Korea, clumps and sticks to the surface of culture vessels as other wild myxobacteria behave in liquid media. Taking an advantage of the characteristics that dispersed mutant cells would grow dispersed while most other wild type cells would clump and stick to the surface of culture vessels, spontaneous dispersed mutants were enriched by repeated subculturing of culture supernatant. A resultant mutant, KYC2001, did not form any clumps nor stick to the surface of culture flasks, but grew completely dispersed in liquid. Meanwhile, three other spontaneous mutants, KYC2002, KYC2003, and KYC2004, shelved partially dispersed phenotype. A major portion of the cells grew dispersed in liquid but they still formed some clumps.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.236-240
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• 2005

In order to prepare for the suitable surfaces of implants or medical devices, quantitative evaluation of adhesion between cells and biomaterials is essential. To better understand adhesion formation between cells and biomaterials, we used the cytodetachment technique which measures the adhesive force of a single cell through changing the, culture time and detachment speed. The results showed that the adhesive force could be affected by the culture time of cells on the surface of materials and the detachment speed. Moreover, there was a large discrepancy among the adhesion strength measured by similar techniques conducted on the different cells and substrates. It can be 'concluded that the variation of the force measurement technique can seriously alter the level of the force required to detach a cell on the surface of materials.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 1996

The result of isolated and selected to the strain having the emulsifying activity from soil's strain the strain was identified as Candida genus. The strain was investigated with culture condition at pH culture temperature, flow rate of air, strring rate etc., and physicochemical properties of the biosurfactant were examined. The optimum composition of medium for a strain cultivation were obtained as follow : glucose ; 100g/L, yeast extract ; 10g/L, urea ; 1.0g/L, KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$ ; 50mg/L, MgSO$_{4}$ ; 500mg/L, and the op condition of cultivation was as follow : pH ; 3.0, temperatlue ; 24$\circ $C, strring rate ; 40rpm. The maximum yield of biosurfactant was obtained by pH ; 3.0-3.5, and temperature ; 25$\circ $C. The degree of emulsification of syntesized biosurfactant was increased clearly by increasing concentration of biosurfactant and it's stability was maintained for a long time. The surface tension of biosurfactant was varied with pH, especially it was showed that the surface tension was high at acidic pH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.639-647
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• 1998

This study was carried out to produce the maltooligosaccharides directly from the culture medium containing high concentration of soluble starch as carbohydrate source by Bacillus cereus IAM 1072. Optimum conditions for the production of maltopentaose and maltooligosaccharides were predicted as 10.62 and 10.92 in C/N ration, 115.74 and 116.51 rpm in agitation speed, 30.19 and 30.9$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. And at these conditions, products of maltopentaose and maltooligosaccharides were 23.23 and 50.33g/L, respectively. From the results of continuous culture for maltopentaose, the productivity increased up to 6.9 times, showing 6.6g/L/hr compared with 0.96g/L/hr batch culture. Maltopentaose showed lower sweetness at 3% concentration representing 1/5 of that sugar. Also, swelling power of maltooligosaccharides was reached to the same point with sugar after fermentation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1470-1476
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• 2001

Kou Woan Lao is an oriental-style dairy product, which is coagulated by milk-clotting enzyme from the culture filtrate of lao-chao. The product appears smooth, sweet, slightly wine flavour, and the flavour differs from yogurt. The aim of this study was to search for the optimum model to shorten the period of manufacture, and to improve the quality of Kou Woan Lao. A response surface design was used for studying the effects of addition of carrageenan, locust bean gum, and culture filtrate from lao-chao on the curd firmness, viscosity, and syneresis. Results indicated that the best rheological property, preservative quality and acceptability of Kou Woan Lao could be obtained by the combination of 0.22% carrageenan, 0.21 % locust bean gum and 12% culture filtrate from lao-chao. The curd firmness, viscosity and syneresis of resultant product were 29.3 g, 21,347.7 cps, and 8.92%, respectively and the microstructure of the curd revealed a relatively complete three-dimensional spider web-like structure.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2001

In order to develop more stable seedling stand method in wet direct rice seeding culture, the effect of making the drainage ditches was studied in both methods of broadcast seeding on floody paddy surface and puddled-soil drill seeding. In a broadcast seeding on floody paddy surface, the ditching after seeding using a tractor or small ditch maker improved the seedling stand, and reduced the floating seedling and herbicide injury by accelerating the drainage. Suitable ditching time was at 2 days after seeding (DAS) for the tractor and at 3 DAS for the ditch maker. In the puddled-soil drill rice seeding culture, the ditching before seeding with a ditch maker at 3 days after draining effectively improved the seedling stand due to quick draining through well formed the seeding furrows. In the puddled-soil drill seeding, seedling stand number showed higher in both ditching plots synchronized with seeding compared with both only draining treatment at 1 DAS without ditching and the flooding plot condition for 6 DAS. And the suitable ditching depth was 6 cm, as considered the ditching status and drained status. These results suggest that the ditching in wet direct rice seeding is an resonable practice for improving the seedling stand through the accelerating drainage of field.