• Architectural research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2001

The paper is intended to propose design strength of slender steel reinforced beam-columns by using the modified superposed method. The design of composite members is carried out by a superposed strength method in AIJ (Architectural Institute of Japan) design method. The bearing capacities of the steel part and the concrete part have to be determined separately and then added to a combined capacity. Authors have proposed a new superposed method in a modified form for the slender composite beam-columns and reinforced column. The modified superposed method is adopted for the slender steel reinforced beam-columns. Validation of the modified superposed method is undertaken by comparison with analytical results calculated assuming a sine curve deflected shape of the beam-columns, and with the test results conducted in Japan.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2014

Objectives This study is on the implementation of the electric cauterizer with the hole for acupuncture to achieve the superposition effect of acupuncture-moxibustion therapies. Methods In this paper, we especially made a hole across the heat terminal of the electric cauterizer for acupuncture. Before the cauterization, the doctor treats a patient with needle. And after acupuncture, the heat terminal is to be superposed upon the needle along the hole to add the cauterization. Results There are 2 coupling methods that the heat terminal is to be superposed with the needle; one is the top-coupling and the other is side-coupling. The top-coupling means that the heat terminal is to be superposed upon the needle along the top of the needle, and side-coupling means that the heat terminal is to be superposed to the needle along the side of the needle. Conclusion This study was aimed to implement the electric cauterizer with the hole for acupuncture to achieve the superposition effect of acupuncture-moxibustion therapies. Not electric acupuncture but manual acupuncture is adopted. The electric cauterizer generates the heat $38{\sim}45^{\circ}C$. This heat is safe for skin not to burn. The electric cauterizer constitutes the smokeless moxa- pad which effects the skin DDS.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07e
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• pp.2259-2261
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• 1999

In this paper, an ozonizer, which can generate individual and superposed silent discharge, using three-phase voltage has been designed and manufactured. The ozonizer consists of 3 electrodes(Central Electrode, Internal Electrode and External Electrode) and 2 gaps(gap between Central Electrode and Internal Electrode, gap between Internal Electrode and External Electrode). Ozone is generated according to voltage supplying method to each electrode by individual silent discharge and three-phase superposed discharge. The characteristics of ozone generation were investigated with variation of discharge power and the quantity of supplied gas($O_2$). In case of individual silent discharge, the maximum values of ozone concentration, ozone generation and ozone yield were obtained between internal electrode and external electrode, and its values were 2300[ppm], 570[mg/h] and 745[g/kWh] respectively. Each maximum values was 5039[ppm], 1773[mg/h] and 851[g/kWh] respectively, when three-phase superposed silent discharge was employed. Therefore, characteristics of ozone generation with three-phase voltage are improved compared with single-phase voltage because silent discharge is generated continuously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.22-27
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• 2018

One problem of the Discrete Element Method is the assumption of a spherical particle shape, which reduces the computing time but significantly limits the application of the DEM to analysis. This limitation can be overcome by a recently developed rigid-rod model. However, the rigid-rod model has an essential problem related with friction: it always contains friction error because of the bumpy surface. To overcome this issue, we suggest a superposed rigid-rod model in this paper. The superposed rigid-rod model is notably consistent with the theoretical value in terms of the velocity and angular velocity after the collision. The estimated error is negligible(less than 2%). Then, the developed model is applied to hopper discharging. The developed model shows no problem in the discharging flow from the hopper.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2000

In this paper, an ozonizer, which can supply individual and superposed silent discharge using three-phase voltage has been designed and manufactured. The ozonizer consists of 3 electrodes(Central Electrode, Internal Electrode and External Electrode and External electrode) and 2 gaps (gap between Central Electrode and Internal Electrode, gap between Internal Electrode and External Electrode). Ozone is generated according to voltage supplying method to each electrode by individual silent discharge and three-phase superposed discharge. The characteristics of ozone generation were investigated with variation of discharge power and the flow rate of supplied gas (O2). In case of individual silent discharge, the maximum values of ozone concentration, ozone generation and ozone yield were obtained between internal electrode and external electrode, and its values were 2300[ppm], 570[mg/h] and 745[g/kWh] respectively. Each maximum value was 5039[ppm], 1773[mg/h] and 851[g/kWh] respectively, when three-phase superposed silent discharge was employed. Therefore, characteristics of ozone generation with three-phase voltage are improved compared with single-phase voltage because silent discharge is generated continuously.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1990

A general analysis method is proposed for analysis of the superposed structures with geometric and material nonlinearities. It is presumed that no friction occurs between structures. It utilizes a shell element for the geometric and material nonlinearities and imposes various deformation constraints for the contact and interaction between structures. To show the reliability and effectiveness of this method, superposed cantilevers for which exact solutions can be obtained and holddown spring assemblies which are now used in PWR reactors are chosen as analysis models. The results of analyses were compared with exact solution in the case of cantilevers and with test results in the case of holddown spring assemblies. The analysis results obtained by this method showed good agreement with the reference values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2012

Instead of the surface pattern arranged repeatedly in two axial direction on a plane, we propose double patterns superposing two one-axial linear patterns as a reference target for surface encoding. A upper layer of the superposed pattern is the transparent glass with grooves cut in it at a fixed pitch. The position is sensed by detecting a shift of beam due to difference of a refractive index. And a lower layer is the aluminum with color-coated grooves. The amount of beam reflected on the layer varies according to its targeting position and is detected for encoding. For the above reference pattern, we can detect two-axial positions using only the single beam. Furthermore, the pattern size can be expanded with a size of the detector kept constant, meaning that the measured range can be expanded easily. In this paper, we review the existing optical encoding methods for grid pattern, and discuss the hardware implementation of the suggested surface encoding method.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2000

A study on the strength of steel tubular column filled with concrete under cocentrically compressed load is presented in this paper. This paper is structured as follows. The first section briefly discusses the M-N relationship formula derived for CFT, highlighting the additional moment effect. Next, the simple superposed method used to generate the strength formula of CFT loaded concentrically is described. In the final portion of this paper, the presented formula is compared to experimental data reported. The applicability of CFT strength formula presented here is limited somewhat by scope of concrete strength but can predict the strength of CFT simply and rapidly. The objective of this paper is to approach the strength of CFT theoretically and to examine the feasibility of presented formula.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.533-541
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• 1999

Multi-discharge type ozonizer(MDO) using superposed silent discharge has been designed and manufactured. It consists of three electrodes( central electrode, internal electrode, and external electrode ) and double gaps( gap between central electrode and internal electrode, gap between internal electrode and external electrode ). Therefore, ozone is generated by superposing silent discharges generated between the gaps respectively. And the MDO consists of three types of superposed discharge ozonizers according to voltage appling method for each electrode ; A.C. high voltages are applied two of three electrodes with phase difference of 180[˚], the other electrode is a ground. This paper describes that discharge and ozone generation characteristics of MDO which comprising central electrode and internal electrode applied A.C. high voltages with phase difference of 180[˚] respectively, and the grounded external electrode. As a result, the maximum ozone concentration, generation, and yield can be obtained 10208[ppm], 6.4[g/h], and 280[g/kwh] respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.1 s.173
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• pp.190-195
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• 2000

It has been established that a crack has an important effect on the dynamic behavior of a structure. This effect depends mainly on the location and depth of the crack. To identify the location and depth of a crack in a structure. Nikolakopoulos et. al. used the intersection point of the superposed contours that correspond to the eigenfrequency caused by the crack presence. However the intersecting point of the superposed contours is not only difficult to find but also incorrect to calculate. A method is presented in this paper which uses optimization technique for the location and depth of the crack. The basic idea is to find parameters which use the structural eigenfrequencies on crack depth and location and optimization algorithm. With finite element model of the structure to calculate eigenfrequencies, it is possible to formulate the inverse problem in optimization format. Method of optimization is augmented lagrange multiplier method and search direction method is BFGS variable metric method and one dimensional search method is polynomial interpolation.