• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2001

In order to compare the extraction patterns of main components from the raw material between the extraction methods, the aerial parts (dried stem, leaves, and flowers) of Agastache rugosa were extracted by SDE simultaneous steam distillation & extraction) and SFE (supercritical fluid extraction). Volatile components of essential oil and extract were identified by GC and GC-MSD. The contents of essential oil extracted by SDE were 0.49% in aerial part of Agastache rugosa on dry basis. Major components were methyl chavicol(27.2%), isomenthone(24.6%), hexadecanoic acid(13.0%). menthone (5.5%) among 32 kinds of components confirmed in essential oil. On the other hand, the contents of SFE extracts revealed 3.21% on dry basis, 6 times higher than those of SDE. Major components were isomenthone(15.3%), hexadecanoic acid(13.7%), methyl chavicol(12.6%), benzoic acid(3.8%) among 33 kinds of components identified in extract.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.392-396
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• 2008

Acer tegmentosum is a tree used to treat various liver diseases in Korea. There have been some concern regarding the safety of Acer tegmentosum due to some toxic chemical compounds in its stems. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was employed to develop a removing method of toxic compounds from Acer tegmentosum. The toxic compounds were effectively extracted with ethanol modified supercritical fluid $CO_2$. The optimum condition of SFE was 100 bar of pressure, $40^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature, 3 mL/min of $CO_2$ flow rate, 0.2 mL/min of modifier (ethanol) flow rate.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1857-1864
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• 2018

Phthalate plasticizers residue in food is a serious threat to public health. Spores of Ganoderma lucidum are easy to be contaminated with phthalates during collection and processing. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was performed to remove phthalates in spores of G. lucidum, and the effects on acid and peroxide values of spores' oil were also evaluated. The results showed SFE removed 100% of the residual di-iso-butyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in the spores of G. lucidum. No significant differences in polysaccharides content and fatty acid composition were observed between SFE and control spores. However, the triterpenoid extracts of SFE spores had a 7.45% increase, significantly higher than that in control spores. Accelerated oxidation tests further implied that SFE could improve the stability of spores' oil. Our results suggested SFE is a potential approach to remove phthalate from food related products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.615-621
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• 2009

In order to optimize the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions of volatile components from the strawberry, we conducted an evaluation of the sample preparation and SFE operating conditions. The analysis of the volatile components extracted by a variety of sample preparation protocols led to the identification of 30, 26, 30, and 34 volatile components in fresh, freeze-dried, 30% celite and 70% celite treatments, respectively. The 70% celite treatment was the most effective in extracting the volatile components from strawberry via SFE. Analysis of the volatile components extracted by a variety of SFE operating conditions yielded identifications of 34, 35, 34, and 35 volatile components at 3,000 psi (40, $50^{\circ}C$) and 6,000 psi (40, $50^{\circ}C$), respectively. The extraction yield of alcohols and acids, and the total volatile component contents, were highest under conditions of 3,000 psi and $55^{\circ}C$. Volatile components from the strawberry were extracted via SFE, simultaneous steam distillation and extraction (SDE), and solvent extraction (SE). The analysis of the volatile components extracted via different extraction methods resulted in the identification of 56, 34, and 32 volatile components in the SDE, SFE, and SE extracts, respectively. The total volatile component contents identified in the SDE, SFE, and SE extracts were $20.268{\pm}1.144$, $21.627{\pm}1.215$ and $2.476{\pm}0.177\;mg/kg$, respectively. The SFE extract evidenced higher contents of sweet flavors such as 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid, and hexanoic acid than the SDE and SE extracts. SFE proved to be the most appropriate method for the extraction of fresh volatile components from the strawberry.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 2001

Extraction efficiency of ${\beta}-ecdysone$ in Achyranthis radix was investigated using the methods of solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The optimum SFE conditions for the analysis of ${\beta}-ecdysone$ in A. radix were 300 atm, $80^{\circ}C$, 100 ml of extraction volume, and 20% ratio of modifier(methanol). As revealed through SFE, detection limit of ${\beta}-ecdysone$ in A. radix was 5 ng and recoveries of ${\beta}-ecdysone$ in A. radix shoots and root were $90.7{\sim}93.5%$ and $77.8{\sim}81.9%$, respectively. Recoveries of ${\beta}-ecdysone$ in A. radix shoots and root through solvent extraction were $76.4{\sim}93.0%$ and $80.6{\sim}93.1%$, respectively. ${\beta}-Ecdysone$ content was determined to be highest at 654.9 ppm in the first year A. radix roots harvested in August.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.447-455
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• 2008

Recombinant yeast estrogenicity (YES) assay was used as a bioanalytical tool in order to screen $17{\beta}$-estradiol in the soil samples collected from different sites of South Korea. Solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods were compared for the extraction of the estradiol from the soils. Most high detection of the estradiol based on YES assay was observed in the soils extracted with methanol. Different types of estrogenic hormones including $17{\beta}$-estradiol were suggested to be possibly exiting in the soils, since the methanol extracts of the soils showed an estrogenic activity that was not observed in the hexane extracts of the soil. SFE extracts showed estrogenic activity in some of the samples but methanol extract showed best activity.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.177-187
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to analyze the effective components of essential oil obtained from Yongdamsagantang, which has been efficacious against leukorrhea in gynecologic diseases. Methods : I obtained the essential oils of Yongdamsagan-tang by hydrodistillation extraction method and supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) method, and then I analyzed those by GC/MS(Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrum). Results : 1. The optimum SFE(Supercritical Fluid Extraction) condition was obtained in the following experiment conditions: pressure 200atm, temperature $45^{\circ}C$, duration of extraction 25minutes. 2. With GC(Gas Chromatography) and GC/MS(Gas Chromato- graphy/Mass Spectrum) analysis, I identified 37 compounds in the Yongdamsagan-tang's essential oil obtained through the SFE method. The main compounds were as follows : 3-Methyl-but-2-enoic acid,2,2-dimethyl-8-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H -pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-3-yl ester(49.81%), (Z)-6-Pentadecen-1 -ol(3.19%), (-)-Spathulenol(2.40%). 3. I identified 4 compounds in the Yongdamsagan-tang's essential oil obtained through the hydrodistillation method. The main compounds were as follows : 3-Methyl-but-2-enoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-8-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano [3,2-g]chromen-3-yl ester(2.61%). 4. 3-Methy I-but-2-enoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-8-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano[3,2-g] chromen-3-yl ester, all were identified in both the SFE method and the hydrodistillation method, but the others were not identified in common. 5. I also conducted an additional test in order to examine the essential oil's antimicrobial action against bacteria. Both MIC(Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations) and MBC(Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations) were $0.125mg/m{\ell}$ against N. meningitidis, however MIC and MBC were $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ in antimicrobial action against 12 different genera of bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2003

The optimum extraction condition of pungent component from Zanthoxylum piperitum D.C pericarps by using supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) was investigated. The optimum condition of SFE was $300kg/cm^2$ of pressure, $60\;^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature, 80% of $CO_2$ fluid, 20% of modifier(methanol) volume and 20 min of extraction time. The extraction efficiency between the classical solvent extraction method and SFE was studied. About 40% of extraction efficiency was improved when SFE was applied.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2011

Effects of particle size and high pressure processing on the extraction rate of oil compounds from soybean powder were evaluated by Soxhlet method using hexane and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using $CO_{2}$. SFE was carried out at 4,000 psi and $50^{\circ}C$ for 4 hr. The mean particle sizes were varied from 26.7 to 862.0 ${\mu}m$ by controlling milling time. Saturation solubility increased as the particle size decreased. At large particle size, high pressure processing (HPP) showed higher extraction yield in both hexane extraction and SFE, but, as the particle size decreased, the HPP was irrelevant to the extraction yield in SFE. The higher extraction rate obtained from the smaller particle size. The scanning electronic microscopy of soybean powder treated by HPP showed pores on the surface of the particle. The higher extraction rate and yield from HPP treatment might be due to the less internal resistance of transferring the solvent and miscellar in the solid matrix by collapsing of tissues.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.317-320
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• 2004

Physiological effects of curcumin, major yellow-colored pigment in tumeric (Curcuma longa L.), extracted by traditional extracting methods, ethanol and hot-water extractions, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using supercritical carbon dioxide as new extracting method. Antioxidative activity of ethanol extract was higher than those of SFE and hot-water extracts. Results of Ames mutagenicity test on SFE, ethanol, and hot-water extracts revealed no mutagen in the extracts. Antimutagenicity rates of SFE, ethanol, and hot-water extracts against direct mutagen, 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), were 20.1, 9.3, and 15.2%, respectively. Antimutagenicity rate of SFE extract against TA98 derived from indirect mutagen, 2-acetamidofluorene (2-AF), was 12.2%, whereas none was observed in ethanol and hot-water extracts. Nitrite-scavenging ability of SFE extract was higher than those of ethanol and not-water extracts.