• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.700-711
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• 2017

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the impact of high-fat diets composed of different animal and vegetable fat sources on serum metabolic health markers in Japanese quail, as well as the overall lipid content and fatty acid profiles of the edible bird tissues following significantly increased dietary lipid supplementation. Methods: Fifty seven male quail were divided into six groups and fed either a standard diet or a diet enriched with one of five different fats (22% coconut oil, lard, palm oil, soybean oil, or sunflower oil) for 12 weeks. The birds were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test following the feeding period, after which they were euthanized and blood, liver, breast, and thigh muscle samples collected. Total fat content and fatty acid profiles of the tissue samples, as well as serum uric acid, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, aspartate transaminase, and total bilirubin concentrations were assessed. Results: High-fat diet feeding had no significant effects on the glucose tolerance of the birds. Dietary fatty acid profiles of the added fats were reflected in the lipid profiles of both the liver and breast and thigh muscle tissues, indicating successful transfer of dietary fatty acids to the edible bird tissues. The significantly increased level of lipid inclusion in the diets of the quail used in the present study was unsuccessful in increasing the overall lipid content of the edible bird tissues. Serum metabolic health markers in birds on the high-fat diets were not significantly different from those observed in birds on the standard diet. Conclusion: Thus, despite the various high-fat diets modifying the fatty acid profile of the birds' tissues, unlike in most mammals, the birds maintained a normal health status following consumption of the various high-fat diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of surface spraying of antimicrobial solutions, oil and application of both on performance of broiler chicken under heat stress and reared on leaves and ground corn cobs as two alternative bedding materials. Six hundred seventy five day-old straightrun Arian broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 45 pens (at density of $0.09m^2/bird$) in an open sided partially-controlled shed. Three bedding materials viz. wood shavings (WS), ground corn cobs (GCC) (1.5 cm in length) and leaves were subjected to surface spraying of oil ($0.4L/m^2$ animal food grade sunflower oil), anti microbial solutions (3%) and mix treatment of both. Data on performance traits, incidence of breast and food pad lesions and litter characteristics were gathered and analysed in an appropriate factorial arrangements. Body weight at 56 d, feed intake up to 14 d, litter moisture at 28 d, litter pH at 14 d and litter temperature at 14 and 56 d were significantly influenced by litter type (p<0.05). Litter treatment revealed significant impact on body weight at 28, 42 and 56 d, feed intake during 29-42 and 1-42 d, mortality up to 56 d, litter temperature at 28 and 56 d, and litter pH at 28 and 56 d. Leaves and ground corn cobs have shown good potential as alternative bedding materials for rearing broilers. Surface spraying of antimicrobial solutions, oil and applying both were not effective tools to promote the broiler's health and performance. Meat type poultry growers and integrators are considered as primary audiences of the results achieved.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2005

식물유를 탄소원으로 사용하여 medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL-PHAs)를 생산할 수 있는 Pseudomonas chlororaphis HS21을 대상으로 대사경로의 변화를 통하여 식물유의 MCL-PHA로의 전환율을 증진시키고 MCL-PHAs의 단위체 조성의 변화를 유도하기 위한 방안을 모색하였다. P. chlororaphis HS21의 MCL-PHAs 생합성은 세포생장과 동시에 일어나는 특징을 보였으며, 팜유를 유일 탄소원으로 사용한 회분배양의 결과 2.4 g/L의 건체량과 건체량의 $40.2\;wt{\%}$에 해당하는 MCL-PHAs를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 생합성된 MCL-PHAs의 단위체는 3-hydroxyhexanoate($7.0\;mol{\%}$, 3-hydroxyoctanoate ($45.3\;mol{\%}$. 3-hydroxydecanoate ($39.0\;mol{\%}$), 3-hydroxydodecanoate ($6.8\;mol{\%}$) 및 3-hydroxytetradecanoate ($1.9\;mol{\%}$)로 구성되어 있었다. 식물유와는 달리 포도당과 같은 탄수화물은 P. chlororaphis HS21의 생장에는 이용되지만 MCL-PHAs의 생합성에는 거의 이용되지 못하는 탄소원임을 확인하고, 식물유와 함께 포도당을 보조기질로 공급한 결과 식물유의 MCL-PHAs로의 전환율이 크게 증가함으로써, PHA 생산에 직접적으로 이용되지 못하는 보조기질의 사용을 통하여 특정 기능기를 함유하는 기질로부터 해당 기능기를 갖는 MCL-PHAs를 효율적으로 생산할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 지방산의 ${\beta}-oxidation$ 회로를 방해하는 아크릴산을 첨가할 경우 아크릴산의 독성에 의하여 세포생장은 저해를 받지만 세포 내 MCL-PHAs의 축적율은 감소하지 않았으며, MCL-PHAs를 구성하는 단위체 중 3-hydroxydo-decanoate 및 3-hydroxytetradecanoate와 같이 탄소수가 보다 큰 단위체의 함량이 크게 증가하였다. 이러한 특징에 의해 해바라기유와 옥수수유로부터는 3-hydroxydodecenoate, 3-hydroxytetradecenoate와 같은 불포화 단위체의 함량이 크게 증가된 기능성 MCL-PHAs를 생산할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 아크릴산의 첨가와 같은 PHA 대사경로의 인위적 변화가 새로운 단위체 조성을 갖거나 기능기를 가짐으로써 독특한 물성을 지니는 신규의 MCL-PHAs 개발에 유용할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 1977

최근에 도입된 해바라기 품종들의 우리나라 기상조건하에서의 생태적인 차이와 이에 따른 수량성을 검토하여 품종선택에 있어서나 재배적인 문제점을 구명하고져 25품종을 공시 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 비교적 수량이 높은 수원 001 bulgaria, local black giant, HESA. hybrid 204 품종들은 발아기에서 성숙기까지의 일수가 90$\pm$2일정도로서 이 기간의 적산온도는 190$0^{\circ}C$이상이었다. 2) 유분함량이 높은 수원 001 peredovic, local black giant, Hungary, Sunbred 등은 발뢰기에서 성숙기까지의 일수가 65~70일 정도로서 적산온도는 810$\pm$5$0^{\circ}C$로 그 폭은 비교적 큰 편이었다. 3) 생육 Stage중 발뢰기에서 개화기까지의 일사량과 수량간에, 적산온도와 임실비율간에 정의 상관이 인정되었다. 4) 수량이 높은 품종군들의 두상화직경은 19cm이상이었다. 5) 생육기간의 적산온도와 간장 및 경태간에는 유의성은 인정되나, 이들 요인이 두상화중, 종실중함유율 등에는 크게 영향하지 않었고, 6) 우리나라 기상조건하에서 종실중, 유분함량이 높은 품종들은 비교적 발아기에서 발뢰기까지의 일수가 짧고 개화기에서 성숙기까지의 일수가 긴 품종군들이었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.1012-1017
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• 2011

Novel surfactants have been synthesized by catalytic chloropropoxylation reaction of carboxylic acid fractions of sunflower, olive, cottonseed, soya-bean, castor and corn oils with 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane. Colloidal-chemical parameters as well as petroleum-collecting and petroleum-dispersing capacities of the synthesized chloropropoxylate esters having heterochain of various lengths have been determined. Influence of carboxylic acid fractions composition and length of chloroxypropylene chain on petroleum-collecting and dispersing capacities has been revealed.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2010

폐식용유에서 지방분해효소를 생산하는 세균을 분리하였고, PIBWIN 세균동정 방법으로 생리 생화학적 특성을 조사하여 확인한 결과 Pseudomonas sp. OME로 동정하였다. 여러 기질로 지방분해효소 생산을 조사한 결과 올리브유에서 6.1 U/ml의 생산력을 나타내었다. 물리적 인자인 배양시간, 온도. pH 및 올리브유와 효모 추출액의 영양인자에 의한 지방분해효소 생산 조건을 조사 하였다. 효소의 분비는 배양시간. 올리브유 와 효모 추출액의 농도에 강한 영향을 받았으며, RSM을 이용한 최적화는 이들 인자를 가지고 조사하였다. RSM을 이용한 지방분해효소 생산은 배양시간. 올리브유와 효모 추출액의 농도가 48 hr, 0.3 g, 및 0.9 ml에서 최적 생산조건을 나타냈다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.175-191
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• 2016

In this work, oil-in-water emulsions (O/W) were prepared successfully by membrane emulsification with $0.5{\mu}m$ pore size membrane. Sunflower oil was emulsified in aqueous Tween80 solution with a simple crossflow apparatus equipped with ceramic tube membrane. In order to increase the shear-stress near the membrane wall, a helical-shaped reducer was installed within the lumen side of the tube membrane. This method allows the reduction of continuous phase flow and the increase of dispersed phase flux, for cost effective production. Results were compared with the conventional cross-flow membrane emulsification method. Monodisperse O/W emulsions were obtained using tubular membrane with droplet size in the range $3.3-4.6{\mu}m$ corresponded to the membrane pore diameter of $0.5{\mu}m$. The final aim of this study is to obtain O/W emulsions by simple membrane emulsification method without reducer and compare the results obtained by membrane equipped with helix shaped reducer. To indicate the results statistical methods, $3^p$ type full factorial experimental designs were evaluated, using software called STATISTICA. For prediction of the flux, droplet size and PDI a mathematical model was set up which can describe well the dependent variables in the studied range, namely the run of the flux and the mean droplet diameter and the effects of operating parameters. The results suggested that polynomial model is adequate for representation of selected responses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2008

The influence of dietary beef tallow (BT) versus sunflower oil (SO) on meat quality and apparent digestibility and deposition of individual fatty acids in the whole carcass was investigated in pigs fed diets containing either BT or SO. The diets contained equal amounts of energy in the form of the variable fats and were fed on an iso-energetic, restricted basis. Crude fat in the SO diet was better digested (p<0.001) than in the BT diet. The dietary fat type had no effect on growth performance, physical properties of the carcass and meat quality. The pigs fed the BT diet showed lower (p<0.001) apparent digestibilities for palmitic and linoleic acid, but those of oleic and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid were not affected. The ratio of deposition in the carcass to intake of digestible fatty acids for the whole feeding period was decreased (p<0.01) for oleic and linoleic acid in pigs fed the SO diet. The pigs fed the SO diet instead of the BT diet had a lower (p<0.05) deposition:intake ratio for mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The calculated minimum de novo synthesis of saturated fatty acids was increased for the SO diet, but that of mono-unsaturated fatty acids was not different. In conclusion, the iso-energetic replacement of BT by SO had a marked impact on the fatty acid composition of tissues, but did not affect carcass and meat quality traits in spite of the marked difference in the deposition of linoleic acid in adipose tissues, loin muscle and the whole body. In addition, it became clear that the type of dietary fat had marked, specific effects on the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1179-1189
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• 2006

This experiment was designed to examine the effects of supplemental vitamin D on laying performance, metabolic profile and egg quality of hens fed diets containing different fat sources and levels. Lohman strains (n = 480) were assigned to one of 10 diets: basal diet (BD), BD plus 2.5 and 5.0% sunflower oil (SO) or tallow (T) at vitamin D provided $1{\times}$ and $3{\times}$ of the current recommendation. The experiment lasted from week 30 to 44 of age. Each diet was tested in 12 replicate cages of 4 hens. Production, metabolism, and egg quality data were subjected to three-way ANOVA. Both fats decreased feed intake (FI) as compared to BD. Increasing SO and T levels linearly decreased and quadratically increased FI, respectively. The dietary factors did not affect egg production (EP) and egg weight. Vitamin D supplementation increased and decreased EP when diets contained SO and T, respectively. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) for hens fed SO was lower than for hens fed T. However, increasing T level improved FCE, whereas increasing SO level worsened FCR. Vitamin D supplementation increased serum vitamin D and glucose concentrations. Vitamin D supplementation also caused a decrease and an increase in serum vitamin D concentration when diets contained SO and T, respectively. Serum glucose concentration for hens fed SO was lower than hens fed T. Increasing fat level linearly increased serum triglyceride and VLDL concentrations, regardless of the fat type. Increasing SO level linearly decreased serum cholesterol concentration. Vitamin D supplementation did not alter lipid metabolites. The dietary factors did not affect serum total protein, Ca, and P concentrations. As compared with BD, feeding SO decreased dry tibia and ash weights more than feeding T. Vitamin D supplementation tended to increase dry tibia weight and decrease tibia ash weight. Eggshell strength and thickness, yolk and albumen indexes, and Haugh unit were not responsive to the dietary factors. Eggshell strength quadratically increased with increasing T level. Yolk color for hens fed SO was lower than for hens fed T. The dietary factors did not affect most of yolk fatty acids. Increasing SO level quadratically decreased yolk $C_{18:2}$ concentration. Vitamin D supplementation increased and decreased yolk $C_{18:2}$ concentration when diets contained SO and T, respectively. In conclusion, increasing fat level improved laying performance without altering metabolic profile and egg quality. Vitamin D supplementation had minor alteration effects on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in response to fat feeding.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.138-146
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• 1974

체중(體重) $47g{\sim}60g$되는 이유직후(離乳直後)의 흰쥐(Splague Dowley) 수컷 60마리를 사용(使用)하여 식이중(食餌中) 단백급원(蛋白給源)을 바꾸어 탈지유(脫脂乳), 대두박(大豆粕), 참깨박(粕), 채종박(菜種粕), 해바라기씨박(粕), 면실박(棉實粕)을 각각 24주간(週間) 투여(投與)하는 동안, 체중(體重)의 변화(變化), 장기중량(臟器重量) 변화(變化), 혈청(血淸) 및 간(肝) 조직내(組織內) 구성지질중(構成脂質中) Cholesterol, Phospholipid, Triglyceride를 정량(定量) 비교(比較) 관찰하였다. 1) 각종(各種) 유종실박중(油種實粕中) 단백질(蛋白質)은 대두박(大豆粕)과 혼용(混用)함으로써 기(其) 질적(質的)인 향상(向上)을 엿볼수 있었으며, 특(特)히 참깨박(粕)과 해바라기씨박(粕)은 식용(食用)으로서 권장할 수 있다고 사료(思料)된다. 2) 채종박(菜種粕)과 면실박(綿實粕) 같이 이미 독성성분(毒性成分)의 함유(含有)가 문제(問題)된 박(粕)에 있어서도, 실험동물(實驗動物)의 혈청(血淸) 및 간(肝) 조직내(組織內) 지방성분(脂肪成分) 함량(含量) 변화(變化)로 보아, 독성작용(毒性作用)은 인정(認定)할 수 없었으며, 이후 더 많은 검토(檢討)가 필요(必要)하다고 사료(思料)된다.