• Title/Summary/Keyword: suction stress

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A Study on the Estimation of In-situ Undrained Shear Strength Using Effective Stress Paths of Reconstituted Sample by Unconfined Compression Test (재구성 시료의 일축압축시험에서 유효응력경로를 이용한 원지반의 비배수 전단강도 추정에 관한 연구)

  • 박성재;오원택;정경환;여주태
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.93-102
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    • 2003
  • Unconfined compression test (UC) has been widely used to determine the undrained shear strength ($c_u$) of clay, because it is convenient and economical. However, UC can not represent the behaviour of in-situ stress condition and the strength obtained by the test is generally underestimated compared to that of triaxial compression, due to no confining pressure. Therefore, a simple and practical method to correct the ($c_u$) for sample disturbance and to be used in geotechnical practice is needed. This study is aimed at proposing the method to estimate in-situ undrained shear strength from UC with suction measurement. The proposed method is based on theoretical shear strength equation of perfect sample (Noorany & Seed, 1965), and effective overburden stress and analysis results ($A_f,\phi'$) of effective stress behaviour by UC are needed for the equation. The shear resistance angle ($\phi'$) can be simply estimated through the result that $K_f$-line slope of the UC is 1.6 times higher than that of triaxial compression test. The result of this study shows that the measured strength by this method is very similar to that of the undrained shear strength by triaxial compression test (CK$_0$UC).

Anxiety and fatigue related to dental practices of dental hygiene students (치위생과 학생들의 임상실습관련 불안과 피로 조사)

  • Lee, Hyang-Nim;Kim, Eun-Mi
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.131-137
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    • 2014
  • Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate anxiety, fatigue and stress of dental hygiene students in clinical practice and to improve the psychological support program. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 428 dental hygiene students in 4 universities in Gwagju and Jeonnam. Data were analyzed for anxiety, stress and fatigue, general characteristics using SPSS 18.0 program for descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and correlation. Results : Saliva suction showed the most high score in treatment($mean{\pm}SD=2.92{\pm}1.13$) and was followed by children dental care($2.79{\pm}1.21$), preventive dental care($2.38{\pm}1.04$), maxillofacial radiology($2.35{\pm}1.15$). During the clinical practice, students felt uneasy when they stayed in relative home(p<0.05). Poor interpersonal relation(p<0.001), poor health condition(p<0.01), low satisfaction with major(p<0.01), the other cause of major choice(p<0.01) influenced on their stress. Satisfaction with major was closely related to clinical practice performance, anxiety, physical fatigue and mental fatigue. Conclusions : In order to reduce physical, mental, neuro sensory fatigue of students in clinical practice, it is recommended to reinforce the patient care etiquettes in curricula.

A Study on the Flow Characteristics of Desktop Personal Computer by In-Out Fan (흡.배기 팬에 의한 Desktop Personal Computer 내부의 유동특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Haeng-Nam;Park, Gil-Moon;Jung, Han-Byul
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.665-671
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to find out a flow characteristics required by the design of a computer case and to provide information about the preliminary data of cooling efficiency of CPU and a flow inside of a case. We examined a flow characteristic-suction a tracing particle occurred from a surge tand installed at an inlet into a computer case and moving it to a exit duct-experimentally by using PIV. The experimental device was consists of a fan inflowing and discharging the air into the computer case and a slot installed with a CPU cooling ran add-on, and analyzed the data of Re-stress distribution, velocity distribution, and kinetic energy distribution. This research will make a great contribution to improvement of the efficiency and performance of notebook, workstation, server, and all the design of electronic devices using large scale integrated(LSI) as well as usual computers.

Structure of Tip Leakage Flow in a Forward-Swept Axial-Flow Fan (전향 축류형 홴에서의 익단 누설 유동 구조)

  • Lee, Gong-Hee;Myung, Hwan-Joo;Baek, Je-Hyun
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.27 no.7
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    • pp.883-892
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    • 2003
  • The experiment using three-dimensional laser Dopperr velocimetery (LDV) measurements and the computation using the Reynolds stress model of the commercial code, FLUENT, were conducted to give a clear understanding on the structure of tip leakage flow in a forward-swept axial-flow fan operating at the maximum efficiency condition. The tip leakage vortex was generated near the position of the minimum wall static pressure, which was located at approximately 12% chord downstream from the leading edge of blade suction side, and developed along the centerline of the pressure trough within the blade passages. A reverse flow between the blade tip region and the casing, induced by tip leakage vortex, acted as a blockage on the through-flow. As a result, high momentum flux was observed below the tip leakage vortex. As the tip leakage vortex proceeded to the aft part of the blade passage, the strength of tip leakage vortex decreased due to the strong interaction with the through-flow and casing boundary layer, and the diffusion of tip leakage vortex caused by high turbulence. In comparison with LDV measurement data, the computed results predicted the complex viscous flow patterns inside the tip region, including the locus of tip leakage vortex center, in a reliable level.

Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion with Tensile Strength in Sand (모래에서 인장력을 고려한 Mohr-Coulomb 파괴규준)

  • Kim, Tae-Hyung;Lee, Yong-Su;Hwang, Woong-Ki;Kang, Ki-Min;Ahn, Yonug-Kyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2008.03a
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    • pp.963-971
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    • 2008
  • Unsaturated soil mechanics has been often used to find out a cause of failure (tensile failure) of retaining walls and hill slopes containing sandy soils. Checking shear strength is a popular method by considering suction stress developed form pore water menisci among the grains and saturated pockets of pore water under negative pressure. Linear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is generally adopted as a failure criterion. However, depending on relative density, stress history, and the magnitude of stress, the failure behavior of sand may not follow linear M-C frictional behavior. For stress in the large compressive ranges, say from tens to hundreds of kPa, the linear M-C criterion is an adequate representation for the shear strength behavior of sand. However, less than tens of kPa, the M-C criterion often can not be accurately represented. Depending on failure criterion, the uniaxial tensile strength is different over 100% relative error. For sand behavior under small compression regimes, therefore, such as under low or zero gravity, or under undergoing tensile failure in the crest area of hill slopes or behind retaining walls, it is important to consider the non-linear behavior.

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Effects of Inlet Turbulence Conditions and Near-wall Treatment Methods on Heat Transfer Prediction over Gas Turbine Vanes

  • Bak, Jeong-Gyu;Cho, Jinsoo;Lee, Seawook;Kang, Young Seok
    • International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.8-19
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    • 2016
  • This paper investigates the effects of inlet turbulence conditions and near-wall treatment methods on the heat transfer prediction of gas turbine vanes within the range of engine relevant turbulence conditions. The two near-wall treatment methods, the wall-function and low-Reynolds number method, were combined with the SST and ${\omega}RSM$ turbulence model. Additionally, the RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$, SSG RSM, and $SST_+{\gamma}-Re_{\theta}$ transition model were adopted for the purpose of comparison. All computations were conducted using a commercial CFD code, CFX, considering a three-dimensional, steady, compressible flow. The conjugate heat transfer method was applied to all simulation cases with internally cooled NASA turbine vanes. The CFD results at mid-span were compared with the measured data under different inlet turbulence conditions. In the SST solutions, on the pressure side, both the wall-function and low-Reynolds number method exhibited a reasonable agreement with the measured data. On the suction side, however, both wall-function and low-Reynolds number method failed to predict the variations of heat transfer coefficient and temperature caused by boundary layer flow transition. In the ${\omega}RSM$ results, the wall-function showed reasonable predictions for both the heat transfer coefficient and temperature variations including flow transition onset on suction side, but, low-Reynolds methods did not properly capture the variation of the heat transfer coefficient. The $SST_+{\gamma}-Re_{\theta}$ transition model showed variation of the heat transfer coefficient on the transition regions, but did not capture the proper transition onset location, and was found to be much more sensitive to the inlet turbulence length scale. Overall, the Reynolds stress model and wall function configuration showed the reasonable predictions in presented cases.

A Study on Injection Mold Design Using Approximation Optimization (근사 최적화 방법을 이용한 사출금형 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Byon, Sung-Kwang;Choi, Ha-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2020
  • The injection molding technique is a processing method widely used for the production of plastic parts. In this study, the gate position, gate size, packing time, and melt temperature were optimized to minimize both the stress and deformation that occur during the injection molding process of medical suction device components. We used a central composite design and Latin hypercube sampling to acquire the data and adopted the response surface method as an approximation method. The efficiency of the optimization of the injection molding problem was determined by comparing the results of a genetic algorithm, sequential quadratic programming, and a non-dominant classification genetic algorithm.

Modeling of shallow landslides in an unsaturated soil slope using a coupled model

  • Kim, Yongmin;Jeong, Sangseom
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.353-370
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    • 2017
  • This paper presents a case study and numerical investigation to study the hydro-mechanical response of a shallow landslide in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration using a coupled model. The coupled model was interpreted in details by expressing the balance equations for soil mixture and the coupled constitutive equations. The coupled model was verified against experimental data from the shearing-infiltration triaxial tests. A real case of shallow landslide occurred on Mt. Umyeonsan, Seoul, Korea was employed to explore the influence of rainfall infiltration on the slope stability during heavy rainfall. Numerical results showed that the coupled model accurately predicted the poromechanical behavior of a rainfall-induced landslide by simultaneously linking seepage and stress-strain problems. It was also found that the coupled model properly described progress failure of a slope in a highly transient condition. Through the comparisons between the coupled and uncoupled models, the coupled model provided more realistic analysis results under rainfall. Consequently, the coupled model was found to be feasible for the stability and seepage analysis of practical engineering problems.

Influence of Unsteady Wake on Flow Characteristics and Heat Transfer from Linear Turbine Cascade (비정상후류가 선형터빈익렬의 유동 특성 및 익형의 열전달에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Soon-Hyun;Sim, Jae-Kyung;Lee, Dae-Hee
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1998.11c
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    • pp.1061-1064
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    • 1998
  • To examine the influence of unsteady wake on the flow and heat transfer characteristics, an experiment has been conducted in a four-vane linear cascade. Flow and heat transfer measurements are made for the inlet Reynolds number of 66000(based on chord length and free-stream velocity). Turbulent intensity and stress were measured using hot wire anemometer, and to measure the convective heat transfer coefficients on the blade surfaces liquid crystal/gold film Intrex technique was used. The disturbance by the unsteady wake is characterized by the unresolved unsteadiness. The unsteady wake enhances the turbulent motion of flow in the cascade passage. It also promotes the boundary layer development and transition. The results show that heat transfer coefficients on the suction surface increase with increasing unresolved unsteadiness.

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Flow in turbulent boundary layers with coriolis force (코리올리힘 이 作용하는 亂流境界層內 의 流動 에 관한 硏究)

  • 이규한
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.181-189
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    • 1985
  • The effect of the Coriolis force on the 2-D turbulent boundary layer which is developed in the side wall of the rotating rectangular flow channel was investigated. In this study, we measured mean velocities, turbulent velocity components(axial as well as lateral ones) and Reynolds stresses of the turbulent boundary layer. For high Reynolds number flows, the turbulent boundary layer without pressure gradient is hardly affected by the rotation. For low Reynolds number flows, however, the shearing stress at suction side decreases. Consequently, the velocity near the wall become slower so that the thickness of the viscous sublayer expands. On the other hand, the velocity near the wall at pressure side turns out increased.