• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.213-214
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• 2006

Now days subway represents a gateway of the city and a center of transportation. It belongs basic facilities to connect the town and suburbs and has strongly regarded as a means of development of city. but It's time that the subway should be changed to reach the needs which give visitors comfortable space and convenient image to use it and it also has a function of transportation because the present generation have turned an information-oriented and specialized society. So we try to put the essential points as like the followings, designing the CANOPY (Busan subway-3rd line). the first, We create an distinctive image with effect to get a regional self-confidence the second, we make new traffic space including potential energy in new millennium ages the third, we need an effort and experiment to overcome contradiction pointing to unity between varieties. To conclude, we want to create CANOPY subway with an individual characters for Busan and aim at a fine view and improved image of subway for Busan, considering the belows.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.581-594
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• 2019

This research investigated the characteristics of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations at the main subway stations in Busan. Annual mean $PM_{10}$ concentrations at the Seomyeon 1- waiting room and platform were $51.3{\mu}g/m^3$ and $47.5{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, and the annual $PM_{2.5}$ concentration at the Seomyeon 1- platform was $28.8{\mu}g/m^3$. $PM_{2.5}$/$PM_{10}$ ratio at Seomyeon 1-platform and Dongnae station were 0.58 and 0.53, respectively. Diurnal variation of $PM_{10}$ concentration at subway stations in Busan was categorized into four types, depending on the number of peaks and the times at which the peaks occurred. Unlike the areas outside of the subway stations which reported maximum $PM_{10}$ concentration mostly in spring across the entire locations, the interiors of the subway stations reported the maximum $PM_{10}$ concentration in spring, winter, and even summer, depending on their location. $PM_{10}$ concentration was highest on Saturday and lowest on Sunday. The numbers of days when $PM_{10}$ concentration exceeded $100{\mu}g/m^3$ and $80{\mu}g/m^3$ per day over the last three years at the subway stations in Busan were 36 and 239, respectively. The findings of this research are expected to enhace the understanding of the fine particle characteristics at subway stations in Busan and be useful for developing a strategy for controlling urban indoor air quality.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the noise level and source, reduce the subway line II noise. As a result of measurement of subway line II in Busan the highest value section of uproad line was from Jigegol to Motgol by 89 dB(A). The sections of conversation and listening interference(over 80 dB(A)) were 21 sections(55%) of 38 sections. Among these sections, 15 sections(71%) were produced rolling noise, 3 sections(14%) squeal noise, 2 sections(10%) braking noise and 1 section(5%) fan noise, and then a main noise source was the rolling noise. In case of downroad line, the highest value section was from Busan Metro Art Museum to Centum city, Motgol to Jigegol by 88 dB(A). The sections of conversation and listening interference(over 80 dB(A)) were 18 sections(47%) of 38 sections. Among these sections, 15 sections(83%) produced rolling noise, 2 sections(11%) squeal noise and 1 section(6%) braking noise were investigated in this study. and then a main noise source was the rolling noise.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.976-980
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• 2008

Ventilation equipment performs a cental role to maintain comfort subway environment. So ventilation equipment of Busan subway first line is needed to improvement thermal environment. In this study, condition of thermal environment is presented to improve ventilation equipment at existing subway station platforms by measuring thermal environment of platforms operated ventilation equipment at 14 stations of Busan subway first line. AWS of data in comparison with the neighbouring platforms and thermal environment analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2011

Noise levels of the three subway lines of Busan city have been investigated. Averaged cabin noise of the train has been measured during the train trip for each station. It has been measured with separation of day time (9:00~18:00) and night time (18:00~22:00) measurements but there was no big difference on the measured data. Repeating for the measured data has been confirmed with twice measurements in May and June 2010. Several noise effects to the subway noise levels of Busan are explained. Those are screen door effect, rail road surface condition, subway train type and curvature of railway. Among three subway lines of Busan city, the line 2 is relatively noisy and its reasons are studied. It has been shown that the screen door effect is 10 dB(A) and S shape of sharp curve contributes in high noise level.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.269-277
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• 2009

Ventilation equipment performs a central role to maintain comfort subway environment. So ventilation equipment of Busan subway line No.1 is required to improve thermal environment. In this study, conditions of thermal environment are presented to improve ventilation equipment at existing subway station platforms by measuring thermal environment of platforms operated ventilation equipment at 14 stations of Busan subway line No.1. AWS of data in comparison with the neighbouring platforms and thermal environment analysis. Thermal environment status of subway platform analysis results are as follows. 1)Daytime platform temperature was higher than outdoor temperature, but night time platform temperature was lower than outdoor temperature. 2)Train wind had effect on improving thermal comfort in platform. 3)When outdoor temperature is below $24^{\circ}C$, inlet air is able to lower than platform temperature. 4)Considering existing ventilation system, night purge systems is useful to improving platform thermal environment.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1089-1096
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• 2008

The subway in Seoul, Korea has been constructed and operating 8 lines and 265 subway stations since 1974. And now it' been operated in the metropolis like Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Incheon. The subway system is being given a great deal of weight on the public transportation system. It means that the citizens of seoul are getting exposured to the underground environment more and more. As the quality of life is getting better, the desire for a pleasant(healthy) environment has been increased. so we have to study effective environment management plans for the subway, When considering Indoor air pollution as another serious environment problem.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1752-1759
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• 2007

In the new Seoul-Busan high speed railroad construction specially city center passage roadbed establishment is recommended the staibility for the existing subway tunnel segments of Busan subway line No. 1 and No.2. regarding the appearance condition, a quality condition and the durability of the objective facility site exact inspection, and it evaluates the numerical analysis which uses MIDAS GTS it leads and there is the objective of the place where the stability of the objective facility and this tunnel it investigates. To immediacy of the on-the-spot inspection result whole facility it is a condition where the reinforcement which is simple not to be hindrance is necessary, 2nd Line case it is a condition which transfer is good but the general defect and the damage which occur from the tunnel of NATM type were confirmed part. While roadbed establishment constructing that the continuous maintenance is necessary, it is judged. The result of 1st, 2nd Line maximum sinkage, unequal sinkage and the lining stress of numerical analysis are within permission and the damage degree is appearing with the fact that the degree it will can disregard it is slight. But it enforces necessary Pre-grouting in order to minimize an actual tunnel face conduct and when the tunnel is excavated it is judged with the fact that necessary to minimize the outflow possibility.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 2012

This study carried out several kinds of investigations such as geology, hydrogeology, groundwater level and quality, surface-water quality, and the quantity and quality of groundwater discharge from the subway to identify the causes of groundwater contamination around the subway tunnel at Suyeong District in Busan City. Geostatistical analyses were also conducted to understand the characteristics of groundwater level and quality distributions. There are Kwanganri Beach and Suyeong River in the study area, which are basically influenced by seawater. The total quantities of groundwater utilization and groundwater discharge from the subway tunnel in Suyeong District are 2,282,000 $m^3$/year, which is 2.4 times larger than the sustainable development yield of groundwater. The lowest groundwater level around the subway tunnel is about 32 m below the mean sea-level. The large drawdown of groundwater led to the inflow of seawater and salinized river water toward the subway tunnel, and therefore the quality of groundwater didn't satisfy the criteria of potable, domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. Distribution maps of groundwater level and qualities produced by kriging were very useful for determining the causes of groundwater contamination in the study area. The distribution maps of electrical conductivity, chloride and sulfate showed the extent of seawater intrusion and the forceful infiltration of the salinized Suyeong River. This study revealed that seawater and salinized river water infiltrated into the inland groundwater and contaminated the groundwater around the subway tunnel, because the groundwater level was seriously drawdowned by groundwater discharge from the subway tunnel. The countermeasure for the minimization of groundwater discharge from the subway tunnel is necessary to prevent the groundwater obstacles such as groundwater depletion, groundwater-quality deterioration, and land subsidence.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.595-606
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• 2019

This research investigated the characteristics of CO, $CO_2$, and $NO_2$ concentrations at main subway stations in Busan. The annual mean CO concentrations at the Suyeong and Nampo stations were 0.75 ppm and 0.48 ppm, respectively. Annual $CO_2$ concentration at the Seomyeon 1- platform was 649 ppm. The $NO_2$ concentrations at the Seomyeon 2- waiting room and the Yeonsan station were 0.048 ppm and 0.037 ppm, respectively. CO concentration was highest at two times of the day, and was proportional to the number of passengers commuting to and from work. The CO and $CO_2$ concentrations were highest in winter, but $NO_2$ concentration was highest in spring. CO and $CO_2$ concentrations were highest on Saturday and lowest on Sunday. The correlation of CO and $NO_2$ concentrations measured at the subway stations with those at the ambient air quality station were highest at the Seomyeon 1 and 2- waiting room and Jeonpodong. The correlation was lowest at the Yeonsan and Yeonsandong station. The number of days when $CO_2$ concentration exceeded 700 ppm over the last three years at the Seomyeon 1- platform was 174. The findings of this research are expected to deepen understanding of the fine particle characteristics at subway stations in Busan and be useful for developing a strategy for controlling urban indoor air quality.