• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.204-219
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• 1998

The use of instructional media in nursing education was investigated using a descriptive research methodology. Data were collected from 199 professors teaching in the areas of Fundamental Nursing (48 subjects), Adult Nursing(56 subjects), Pediatric Nursing(49 subjects), and Community Health Nursing(46 subjects). 120 professors were from 3-year college of nursing and 79 professors were from 4-year college of nursing, Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), and ANOVA with SPSS $PC^+$ program. The results are as follows. 1) The general attitude of the subjects toward the use of instructional media was positive(mean : 3.75). However, from the ANOVA result the subjects from 4-year college of nursing had more positive attitudes in the areas of media utilization and supply system. Most subjects had high interest in the areas of effectiveness of the media, and media literacy in using instructional media. 2) OHP(mean was 3.76) and VTR(mean was 3.36) were the most used instructional media in nursing education. These media were efficiently supplied by the school. However, other media like CD-ROM, Opaque Projector, and LCD or beam Projector were not sufficiently provided by the school. 3) The main reasons to use instructional media were that the use of media is effective to raise students' attention and learning motivation. 4) Insufficiency of the media and environment to use media were the causes of the lack of using instructional media. 5) The use of PC communication of internet, LCD or beam Projector, and Computer Graphics was low. The reasons were that the subjects did not have enough knowledge and skills to use these media, and there was lack of media or environment. 6) In general, environment to use media of the 3-year college of nursing was worse than that of 4-year college of nursing. However, there was no significant differences between the two groups in the use of media related to their position, and subject. On the basis of the study results professors teaching nursing have positive attitudes to use instructional media but the lack of media supply or facility to use media limited the use of instructional media.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the joint movements and muscle activities of novices according to pedal type (flat, clip, and cleat pedal). Method: Nine novice male subjects (age: $24.4{\pm}1.9years$, height: $1.77{\pm}0.05m$, weight: $72.4{\pm}7.6kg$, shoe size: $267.20{\pm}7.50mm$) participated in 3-minute, 60-rpm cycle pedaling tests with the same load and cadence. Each of the subject's saddle height was determined by the $155^{\circ}$ knee flexion angle when the pedal crank was at the 6 o'clock position ($25^{\circ}$ knee angle method). The muscle activities of the vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius medialis were compared by using electromyography during 4 pedaling phases (phase 1: $330{\sim}30^{\circ}$, phase 2: $30{\sim}150^{\circ}$, phase 3: $150{\sim}210^{\circ}$, and phase 4: $210{\sim}330^{\circ}$). Results: The knee joint movement (range of motion) and maximum dorsiflexion angle of the ankle joint with the flat pedal were larger than those of the clip and cleat pedals. The maximum plantarflexion timing with the flat and clip pedals was faster than that of the flat pedal. Electromyography revealed that the vastus lateralis muscle activity with the flat pedal was greater than that with the clip and cleat pedals. Conclusion: With the clip and cleat pedals, the joint movements were limited but the muscle activities were more effective than that with the flat pedal. The novice cannot benefit from the clip and cleat pedals regardless of their pull-up pedaling advantage. Therefore, the novice should perform the skilled pulling-up pedaling exercise in order to benefit from the clip and cleat pedals in terms of pedaling performance.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.267-286
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• 2017

본 논문은 주체와 대상 간의 상대적 위치를 인식할 수 있도록 해준 위치성 개념이 예외 공간으로서의 접경지역의 공간성 파악에 활용될 수 있다고 주장하고자 한다. 접경지역은 거리상으로 국경선을 사이에 두고 맞은편 국가와 가까이 위치하고 있지만 국경을 둘러싼 지정학적, 지경학적 변화에 따라 갑작스러운 단절과 개방이 나타나는 다중적인 공간이기 때문에 위치성의 전환이란 측면에서 파악하기에 적절하다. 본 논문이 접경지역을 위치성 전환의 관점에서 재개념화함으로써 기대하는 점은 다음과 같다. (1) 접경지역의 변화 가능성을 로컬에 기반을 둔 내적 조건뿐만 아니라 보다 넓은 맥락과 정세 속에서 파악할 수 있다. (2) 접경지역의 발전 궤적을 다양한 힘들 간의 아쌍블라주를 통해서 파악할 수 있다. (3) 지경학과 지정학 간의 역동적 관계를 통해서 접경지역의 위치성 전환을 파악할 수 있다. 특히 위치성은 기존 공간과 시간, 공간성에 대한 논의를 관계론적/변증법적, 사회-공간론적, 권력-위상학적 측면에서 새롭게 확장시켜준다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 마지막으로 본 논문은 위치성 전환을 통해서 북중 접경지역의 예외적 성격을 파악하였다. 북중 접경지역은 한반도의 지정학적 안보 불안이라는 '예외 상태'가 상례화되고 있는 상황 속에서 이를 뒷받침하는 다양한 지경학적 논리가 작동하면서 다른 지역과 구분되는 예외적인 성격을 창출한 것으로 이해된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.81-91
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• 1974

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of obstetric knowledge of pregnant women and postpartum mothers, and to contribute the data to community health teaching program as well as maternity nursing. 385 pregnant women and postpartum mothers visited at or admitted to Seoul Adventist Hospital were sampled. The results of the study were as follows. 1. 97.9% of the subjects were between the age of 21 to 35, most of them (82.9%) were housewives with high school education and with a middle class family background. 2. The first symptoms of pregnancy were amenorrhea (70.4%), nausea & vomiting (23.9%), change of skin color (1.6%). 3. 77.9% of the subjects did not know how to deal with morning sickness. 4. 52.9% did not know when the sex determination of the fetus-occurs. 5. Concerning the fetus position; 77.1% of them believed it lies head down. head up (12.0%). and not knowing (10.9%). 6. 73.2% recognized the need for a well balanced food during pregnancy. 7. As to the dangerous symptoms during pregnancy: vaginal bleeding was considered the 1st, edema, the and, continuous abdominal pain, the 3rd. 82% of them would confer with physician in case of vaginal bleeding. As to the type of activities restricted by pregnancy: hard exercise was considered first, travel the second, and coitus during 1st and last trimester of pregnancy the 3rd. 8. 82.4% of them visited antenatal clinic at the second or third month of amenorrhea and 88.5% realized the regular physical examination imperative. 9. The purpose of urine test was recognized correctly by 44.7%, blood test: 89.4%, B. P. and weight check ; 69.9%. 10. The need of breast care during pregnancy was recognized by 76.9% of the subject. 11. 75.8% realized that prenatal exercise was needed. The higher the education the better the understanding of the need for it before delivery. 12. The concept of postpartum period was understood correctly by 54.4%. 13. The state of uterus after delivery was understood correctly by 49.1% only. 14, Regarding the management of colostrums: 48.3% knew it was to feed infants, and it was to squeeze and discard 43.4%. 15. Dealing with postpartum exercise; 67.8% answered it was needed, 9.1% not needed, not heard about 23, 1%.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.533-549
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• 1998

This descriptive study was designed to measure the degrees of work stress and job satisfaction and use interpersonal conflict resolution strategy as an attempt to provide clinical nurses basic data to develop strategies releasing work stress and improving job satisfaction. These data were collected from 367 clinical nurses working in 9 hospitals nation-wide from May 1, to June 30, 1998. A structured questionaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire included Kim and Koo's work stress scale, Lee's interpersonal conflict resolution strategy scale and a Minesota satisfaction questionnaire. Data analysis was done by the use of the SAS computer program with descriptive statistics, t -test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Cronbach - ${\alpha}$. The results were as follows 1. The mean score of work stress for the subjects was 4.34(SD=0.64). The highest scored reasons for work stress were 'inadequate com pensation' 4.93(SD=0.86), 'lack of professional knowledge and skill' 4.70(SD=0.92) and 'unsatisfactory relationship with superior authorities' 4.63(SD=0.97). The lowest scored reasons were 'unsatisfactory relationship with inferior staff' 3.72(SD=1.02), 'inadequate mechanical environment' 3.72(SD=1.11) and 'interpersonal problems' 3.85 (SD=1.06), The work stress in clinical nurses differed significantly depending on the hospital type (F=4.00, p=0.0082). 2. The clinical nurses used compromise(45.1%) as the best interpersonal conflict resolution strategy. The second was collaboration(32.8%), the third accomodation(14.2%), the forth avoidance(4.2%) and the fifth competition(3.6%). 3. The item score of job satisfaction of the subject was 3.00(SD=0.43), The job satisfaction in clinical nurses differed significantly depending on age(F=5.67, p=0.0000), marital status(t= -1.89, p=0.0511), academic career(F=5.84, 0.0001), official position (F=7.38, p=0.0001), and work career(F=6.33, p=0.0001). 4. The result of the analysis of relationship between work stress and job satisfaction was significant(r= -0.34, p=0.0000). In conclusion, it was found that work stress was very high in clinical nurses. They used interpersonal conflict resolution strategies to release their interpersonal problems and to increase their job satisfaction. Therefore, adequate stress management for clinical nurses will provide them with higher job satisfaction and hence lead to more qualitified nursing care.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

This study is aimed at investigating the influence of different quantitative knowledge of results on the measurement error during lumbar proprioceptive sensation training. Twenty-eight healthy adult men participated and subjects were randomly assigned into four different feedback groups(100% relative frequency with an angle feedback, 50% relative frequency with an angle feedback, 100% relative frequency with a length feedback, 50% relative frequency with a length feedback). An electrogoniometer was used to determine performance error in an angle, and the Schober test with measurement tape was used to determine performance error in a length. Each subject was asked to maintain an upright position with both eyes closed and both upper limbs stabilized on their pelvis. Lumbar vertebrae flexion was maintained at $30^{\circ}$ for three seconds. Different verbal knowledge of results was provided in four groups. After lumbar flexion was performed, knowledge of results was offered immediately. The resting period between the sessions per block was five seconds. Training consisted of 6 blocks, 10 sessions per one block, with a resting period of one minute. A resting period of five minutes was provided between 3 blocks and 4 blocks. A retention test was performed between 10 minutes and 24 hours later following the training block without providing knowledge of results. To determine the training effects, a two-way analysis of variance and a one-way analysis of variance were used with SPSS Ver. 10.0. A level of significance was set at .05. A significant block effect was shown for the acquisition phase (p<.05), and a significant feedback effect was shown in the immediate retention phase (p>.05). There was a significant feedback effect in the delayed retention phase (p<.05), and a significant block effect in the first acquisition phase and the last retention phase (p<.05). In conclusion, it is determined that a 50% relative frequency with a length feedback is the most efficient feedback among different feedback types.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2007

Objectives : Accurate and reproducible location of an acupuncture point (AP) have been considered an essential component of meaningful acupuncture research as well as clinical practice. Several kinds of devices have been developed and widely used for the convenience of locating APs. However, the accuracy and convenience of these devices have not been systematically evaluated. The present study was performed to find out the most suitable tools for the location accuracy and location easiness of APs among the devices respectively. Methods : Twenty subjects attempted to locate APs, including PC5 and SP6 in the arm and leg, using four different AP positioning methods: one Conventional Ruler method and three alternative methods including Cunometer, Transparent AP meter, and Elastic Ruler method. The position marked on each AP was plotted onto a thin, flexible, and transparent plastic film, and the dispersion rate of the positions was determined and recorded. The elapsed time for locating each AP was measured. After that each subject was answered to a short questionnaire regarding the degree of convenience and confidence of use of each method for AP location. Results : All of three alternative methods took less time than Conventional Ruler method did. Among these alternative methods, the accuracy of Elastic Ruler method was markedly higher than others. The degree of convenience of the Cunometer and the confidence of Elastic Ruler method were the highest among these alternative methods. Conclusions : The present study indicates that the Elastic Ruler method was the most compatible for the conventional Ruler methods. However, there are many factors need to be reconsidered. Improved devices for locating AP are imperatively needed for clinical practice.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2015

라돈은 우라늄-238과 토륨-232가 방사성붕괴 과정을 거친 후 생성되며, 무색, 무취의 불활성 기체로서 지하 또는 밀폐된 공간에 축적된다. 우라늄-238과 토륨-232는 지각의 암석이나 토양 등에 포함 돼 있다. 건축자재는 암석이나 토양을 재료로하여 만들어 진다. 가스 형태의 라돈은 호흡기를 통해 폐로 유입되고 라돈의 딸핵종이 폐나 기관지에 침적 되어 폐암을 일으키는 원인이 된다. 본 연구는 광주광역시 광산구에 위치한 신축 아파트를 대상으로 창문을 닫고 열은 상태에서 라돈 측정기를 이용하여 측정하였다. 측정 결과로 보아 신축 아파트 실내 평균 라돈농도는 미국 일반인 공기 중 라돈가스 최대허용농도 기준치 4 pCi보다 이하의 값이 나타난다는 것을 볼 수 있다. 측정 결과로 볼 때 신축 아파트의 라돈농도로 인한 피폭은 크지 않을 것으로 예상한다. 그러나 라돈가스가 신체 내에 축적이 되면 폐와 같은 경우는 폐암과 같은 피폭에 의한 피해를 얻을 수 있으므로 방사선 방어적 측면에서 측정 결과와 같이 라돈 농도를 낮추기 위해 창문을 자주 열어 환기를 시켜 피폭을 줄이는 것이 필요하다고 생각 된다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제31권3_4호
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• pp.224-238
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• 2004

다중 모달리티 영상정합은 서로 다른 성격의 두 영상의 중요정보를 결합하여 복합적 정보를 얻기 위해 널리 사용되는 영상처리 기법이다. 본 연구에서는 정합 대상 객체의 초기위치 및 방향에 종속적이지 않고, 낮은 정합오차 범위 내에서의 안정적인 정합을 지원하기 위하여 기존의 표면기반 정합 기법을 개선한 모멘트 정보 및 표면거리 기반의 정합 기법을 제시한다. 제안방법에서는 우선 정합대상객체의 표면 윤곽 점을 추출하고, 이를 기반으로 대상객체의 모멘트 정보를 추출하여, 표면거리 기반 상세 정합 이전에 모멘트 정보를 일치시키는 변환을 수행함으로써, 정합이전 대상객체의 위치 및 방향이 상이한 경우에 있어서도 정합이 안정적으로 수행되도록 한다. 또한 테스트 영상에 대한 표면 대표점 추출 시, 표면 코너추출법을 적용함으로써, 기존 표면 정보 기반 정합기법에서 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 무작위 샘플링 및 일정간격 샘플링에 의한 취약점을 보완한다. 본 논문에서 제안기법의 검증을 위하여 뇌 부위 자기공명단층영상(MRI)과 양자 방출 단층 촬영 영상(PET)을 적용하고, 정합오류율과 정합결과에 대한 2,3차원 가시화 영상의 육안평가를 통하여 정확성 및 안정성 측면을 검증한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.3931-3942
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 현장에서 근무하는 119 구급대원들을 대상으로 DNR(Do not resuscitate)과 관련된 이들의 윤리문제 인식 및 태도를 알아봄으로써, DNR 대상 환자 처치에 도움이 되는 객관적인 기틀을 마련하기 위해 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 전라북도 소방서에서 근무하는 구급대원 219명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료수집 기간은 2009년 5월 6일부터 6월 20일까지였으며, 자료수집 방법은 구조화된 질문지를 이용하였다. 자료 분석 방법은 SPSS 12.O program을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, $x^2$-test, 교차분석이다. 연구 결과 대상자의 성별, 연령, 종교, 결혼상태, 임상근무경력, 현재 근무지 경력, 현재직위, 윤리 및 가치관에 관한 교육경험, DNR 교육 받은 곳, DNR 실행경험, DNR 상담요청에 따라 윤리적 태도간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 DNR에 관한 대책을 마련하기 위하여 더 많은 후속 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.