• Title/Summary/Keyword: sub assembly

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The Development of Client-centered and Integrated Home Nursing Care Model in Rural Areas (농어촌 지역의 대상자 중심 통합방문형 간호서비스 모형 개발)

  • Yang, Sook Ja;Han, Young Ran;Ham, Ok Kyung;Lee, Guna;Kim, Seo Hyeon;Ha, Jae Young
    • Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.5-18
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This study aimed to develop a client-centered integrated home nursing care model for rural areas by analyzing public health nursing, hospital-based home care services, and long-term nursing care in Korea. Methods: The literature review performed included data from the National Assembly Library, DBpia, RISS, and KISS, Google Scholar, the Ministry of Government Legislation, Statistics Korea, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Results: The client-centered and integrated home nursing care model in a rural area was opened as the Home Nursing Care Center in a public health center operating directly or on consignment. This model provides both a hospital-based home care services as well as long-term care, in accordance with the health status of the client and difficulty of nursing services. Moreover, the nurse who worked in a sub-organization (Centers for Supporting Healthy Living, Public Health Units, and etc.) of the public health center as care coordinator and case manager facilitates to connect home nursing care services and social welfare services. Conclusions: Our data indicates that the client-centered integrated home nursing care model in rural areas effectively combines professional services, regional accessibility, and social welfare services.

Evaluation of the Thermal Margin in a KOFA-Loaded Core by a Multichannel Analysis Methodology (다수로해석 방법론에 의한 국산핵연료 노심 열적 여유도 평가)

  • D. H. Hwang;Y. J. Yoo;Park, J. R.;Kim, Y. J.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.518-531
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    • 1995
  • A study has been Peformed to investigate the thermal margin increase by replacing the single-channel analysis model with a multichannel analysis model. h new critical heat flux(CHF) correlation, which is applicable to a 17$\times$17 Korean Fuel Assembly(KOFA)-loaded core, was developed on the basis of the local conditions predicted by the subchannel analysis code, TORC. The hot sub-channel analysis was carried out by using one-stage analysis methodology with a prescribed nodal layout of the core. The result of the analysis shooed that more than 5% of the thermal margin can be recovered by introducing the TORC/KRB-1 system(multichannel analysis model) instead of the PUMA/ERB-2 system(single-channel anal)sis model). The thermal margin increase was attributed not only to the effect of the local thermal hydraulic conditions in the hot subchannel predicted by the code, but also to the effect of the characteristics of the CHF correlation.

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Multi-band directional antenna for satellite communications (위성 통신용 다대역 안테나)

  • Cheong, Chi-Hyun;Jeong, Hye-Mi;Kim, Kun-Woo;Bae, Ki-Hyoung;Tae, Hyun-Sik;Evtyushkin, Gennadiy
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.38 no.12
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    • pp.1223-1231
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    • 2010
  • The design is presented for a SATCOM antenna capable of simultaneous multi-band (X/Ku/Ka-Band) communications without replacement of feed horns or change of other parts in the application as a ground satellite terminal for large data transfer. The antenna is the offset configuration and consists of a dual-band(X/Ka-band) feed horn, a single-band(Ku-band) feed horn, a frequency selective surface(FSS) sub-reflector and a parabolic main-reflector. The antenna has a main reflector defining a prime focus and a frequency selective surface sub-reflector defining an image focus. A dual-band feed and a single-band feed are provided at each of the prime focus and image focus. The antenna is designed using 3D EM simulator and the gains measured in X/Ku/Ka-band of the complete antenna assembly is more than 31.6dBi, 36.8dBi, 40.8dBi, and the cross polarization is 21.7dB, 26.6dB, 25.2dB, respectively.

Design, Implementation and Test of Flight Model of S-Band Transmitter for STSAT-3 (과학기술위성 3호 S-대역 송신기 비행모델 설계, 제작 및 시험)

  • Oh, Seung-Han;Seo, Gyu-Jae;Lee, Jung-Soo;Oh, Chi-Wook;Park, Hong-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.553-558
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    • 2011
  • This paper describes the development and test result of S-band Transmitter flight model(FM) of STSAT-3 by satellite research center(SaTReC), KAIST. The communication sub-system of STSAT-3 is consist of two different frequency band channels, S-band for Telemetry & Command and X-band for mission data. S-band Transmitter(STX) functionally made of modulator, frequency synthesizer, power amp and DC/DC converter. The transmission data is modulated by FSK(Frequency Shift Keying) and the interface between spacecraft sub-module and STX is RS-422 standard method. The FM STX is based on modular design. The RF output power of STX is 1.5W(31.7dBm) and BER of STX is under $1{\times}10^{-5}$ which meets the specification respectively. The FM STX is delivered Spacecraft Assembly, Integration and Test(AIT) level through the completion of functional Test and environmental(vibration, thermal vacuum) Test successfully.

Fabrication of passive-aligned optical sub-assembly for optical transceiver using silicon optical bench (실리콘 광학벤치를 사용한 수동정렬형 광송수신기용 광부모듈의 제작)

  • Lee, Sang-Hwan;Joo, Gwan-Chong;Hwang, nam;moon, Jong-Tae;Song, Min-Kyu;Pyun, Kwang-Eui;Lee, Yong-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.8 no.6
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    • pp.510-515
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    • 1997
  • Packaging takes an extremely important element of optical module cost due primarily to the added complication of alignment between semiconductor devices and optical fiber, and many efforts have been devoted on reducing the cost by eliminating the complicated optical alignment procedures in passive manner. In this study, we fabricated silicon optical benches on which the optical alignments are accomplished passively. To improve the positioning accuracy of a flip-chip bonded LD, we adopted fiducial marks and solder dams which are self-aligned with V-groove etch patterns, and a stand-off to control the height and to improve the heat dissipation of LD. Optical sub-assemblies exhibited an average efficiency of -11.75$\pm$1.75 dB(1$\sigma$) from the LD-to-single mode fiber coupling and an average sensitivity of -35.0$\pm$1.5 dBm from the fiber and photodetector coupling.

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A Study on the Housing Environment in Farms for Practical Field Training of Young Farmers Focusing on the Farms for Practical Field Training of Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries (청년농업인의 현장실습장 주거환경에 관한 연구 -한국농수산대학 장기현장실습장을 중심으로-)

  • Joo, J.S.;Hwang, I.U.;Kim, J.S.;Kim, S.D.;Song, C.Y.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.125-143
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    • 2018
  • The study consisted of a survey of the residential satisfaction level of the 3rd grade students and a survey of accessibility from farms for practical field training to public facilities. According to the geographical location of the farms on the map, the average distance to facilities related to convenience or safety and health that students complained was about 12km. And that to social and public facilities was about 4.4km. Students pointed out the convenience of using transportation, commercial and convenient facilities, and the safety of anti-crime security facilities as complaints during the practice session. Residential satisfaction levels in five realms, such as facility and structure, convenience, safety, comfort and sociality, were not all reached at the satisfaction level. In particular, the satisfaction level of female students was sub-normal in the safety and convenience realms. The average satisfaction levels reviewed by department were sub-normal for horse industry and floriculture departments. By residential patterns, satisfaction with sharing with the farmers was higher than with other patterns. And satisfaction level by housing structure was much lower in the assembly and container structures Since residential satisfaction level is determined by the inside and outside environment of the dwelling, college should provide students with accurate and vivid data using information communication technologies.

Development and Application of a Novel Mammalian Cell Culture System for the Biocompatibility and Toxicity of Polymer Films and Metal Plate Biomaterials (고분자필름과 금속막 의료소재에 대한 생체적합성 및 독성 평가를 위한 새로운 세포배양시스템의 개발 및 적용)

  • Kwak, Moon Hwa;Yun, Woo Bin;Kim, Ji Eun;Sung, Ji Eun;Lee, Hyun Ah;Seo, Eun Ji;Nam, Gug Il;Jung, Young Jin;Hwang, Dae Youn
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.633-639
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    • 2016
  • Biomaterials including polymer, metal, ceramic, and composite have been widely applied for medical uses as medical fibers, artificial blood vessels, artificial joints, implants, soft tissue, and plastic surgery materials owing to their physicochemical properties. However, the biocompatibility and toxicity for film- and plate-form biomaterials is difficult to measure in mammalian cells because there is no appropriate incubation system. To solve these problems, we developed a novel mammalian cell culture system consisting of a silicone ring, top panel, and bottom panel and we applied two polymer films (PF) and one metal plate (MP). This system was based on the principal of sandwiching a test sample between the top panel and the bottom panel. Following the assembly of the culture system, SK-MEL-2 cells were seeded onto Styela Clava Tunic (SCT)-PF, NaHCO3-added SCT (SCTN)-PF, and magnesium MP (MMP) and incubated at 37℃ for 24 hr and 48 hr. An MTT assay revealed that cell viability was maintained at a normal level in the SCT-PF culture group at 24 or 48 hr, although it rapidly decreased in the SCTN-PF culture group at 48 hr. Furthermore, the cell viability in the MMP culture group was very similar to that of the control group after incubation for 24 hr and 48 hr. Together, these results suggest the sandwich-type mammalian culture system developed here has the potential for the evaluation of the biocompatibility and toxicity of cells against PF- and MP-form biomaterials.

Development of Agent-based Platform for Coordinated Scheduling in Global Supply Chain (글로벌 공급사슬에서 경쟁협력 스케줄링을 위한 에이전트 기반 플랫폼 구축)

  • Lee, Jung-Seung;Choi, Seong-Woo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.213-226
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    • 2011
  • In global supply chain, the scheduling problems of large products such as ships, airplanes, space shuttles, assembled constructions, and/or automobiles are complicated by nature. New scheduling systems are often developed in order to reduce inherent computational complexity. As a result, a problem can be decomposed into small sub-problems, problems that contain independently small scheduling systems integrating into the initial problem. As one of the authors experienced, DAS (Daewoo Shipbuilding Scheduling System) has adopted a two-layered hierarchical architecture. In the hierarchical architecture, individual scheduling systems composed of a high-level dock scheduler, DAS-ERECT and low-level assembly plant schedulers, DAS-PBS, DAS-3DS, DAS-NPS, and DAS-A7 try to search the best schedules under their own constraints. Moreover, the steep growth of communication technology and logistics enables it to introduce distributed multi-nation production plants by which different parts are produced by designated plants. Therefore vertical and lateral coordination among decomposed scheduling systems is necessary. No standard coordination mechanism of multiple scheduling systems exists, even though there are various scheduling systems existing in the area of scheduling research. Previous research regarding the coordination mechanism has mainly focused on external conversation without capacity model. Prior research has heavily focuses on agent-based coordination in the area of agent research. Yet, no scheduling domain has been developed. Previous research regarding the agent-based scheduling has paid its ample attention to internal coordination of scheduling process, a process that has not been efficient. In this study, we suggest a general framework for agent-based coordination of multiple scheduling systems in global supply chain. The purpose of this study was to design a standard coordination mechanism. To do so, we first define an individual scheduling agent responsible for their own plants and a meta-level coordination agent involved with each individual scheduling agent. We then suggest variables and values describing the individual scheduling agent and meta-level coordination agent. These variables and values are represented by Backus-Naur Form. Second, we suggest scheduling agent communication protocols for each scheduling agent topology classified into the system architectures, existence or nonexistence of coordinator, and directions of coordination. If there was a coordinating agent, an individual scheduling agent could communicate with another individual agent indirectly through the coordinator. On the other hand, if there was not any coordinating agent existing, an individual scheduling agent should communicate with another individual agent directly. To apply agent communication language specifically to the scheduling coordination domain, we had to additionally define an inner language, a language that suitably expresses scheduling coordination. A scheduling agent communication language is devised for the communication among agents independent of domain. We adopt three message layers which are ACL layer, scheduling coordination layer, and industry-specific layer. The ACL layer is a domain independent outer language layer. The scheduling coordination layer has terms necessary for scheduling coordination. The industry-specific layer expresses the industry specification. Third, in order to improve the efficiency of communication among scheduling agents and avoid possible infinite loops, we suggest a look-ahead load balancing model which supports to monitor participating agents and to analyze the status of the agents. To build the look-ahead load balancing model, the status of participating agents should be monitored. Most of all, the amount of sharing information should be considered. If complete information is collected, updating and maintenance cost of sharing information will be increasing although the frequency of communication will be decreasing. Therefore the level of detail and updating period of sharing information should be decided contingently. By means of this standard coordination mechanism, we can easily model coordination processes of multiple scheduling systems into supply chain. Finally, we apply this mechanism to shipbuilding domain and develop a prototype system which consists of a dock-scheduling agent, four assembly- plant-scheduling agents, and a meta-level coordination agent. A series of experiments using the real world data are used to empirically examine this mechanism. The results of this study show that the effect of agent-based platform on coordinated scheduling is evident in terms of the number of tardy jobs, tardiness, and makespan.

A Review of the Operation Community Health Practitioner System as a Reorientation of Primary Health Care (보건 진료원 제도 운영 평가에 관한 연구 -우리나라 1차 보건의료 제도 방향 재설정을 위하여 -)

  • 홍여신;이인숙
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.568-583
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    • 1994
  • In the changing social and economic conditions, reorientation of the health care system is a process of rearranging health care resources keeping in mind the appropriativeness, relevancy, and efficacy of health care programs. Also it has been recognized recently that the CHP program is in need of review for the same reasons, that is to say, the ease in which health care facilities are available, the high rate of coverage with insurance and the development of an effective transportation system. Therefore there is a social inclination to think that there are no remote areas and to question the roles of public health facilities, health centers, health sub centers and CHP posts. This paper was done to review problems and to propose new directions for the CHP system. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) It is necessary that primary health care should be simplified into three parts, medical treatment, preventive care services and the organization of administration and logistics. Also each department should be supplemented with the appropriate professional personnel in order to develop a task oriented system. The reorientation of the CHP system should be managed in keeping with that of other public health care systems. Therefore it is necessary to look at the CHP system problems as one aspect of the reorientation process of public health care systems, and to work to find new ways to address these problems. 2) The location of the CHP post should be decided by the needs of the community in both the medical and preventive areas. If the people have a minimum need, the location of the CHP post should be altered and the existing roles of the CHP should be modified to allow for flexibility according to the community needs. 3) Use of the problem solving method in regular team meetings will prove to be as efficient as continuing education programs in improving job competancy. 4) The supervision of CHP's activities should be made by the same type professional personnel, that is, senior CHPs or charge nurses in the public health center at the county level. 5) The operational expensies of CHP post should be supported by the administrative department of the public health center and should create working conditions that will allow the CHP to concentrate on community health service programs. 6) The organizations for community participation, working committees, community health workers and a number of the local assembly, should be activated to provide for participation in finding solutions to health related problems in the com-munity.

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Under the Pressure of the Topic Selection and Representation Rules of the Mass Media over the Slow Political Process Time - For Example the Televised Debate to Elections to the Federal Assembly in Germany (미디어 생산시간이 미디어 정치에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - 독일총선의 TV토론을 중심으로)

  • Shim, Young-Sub
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.45
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    • pp.187-219
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    • 2009
  • Under the pressure of the selection of topics and the presentation rules of mass media, politics in media society increasingly resort to professionalized forms of theatrical staging as a means of self-portrayal. Although these staging methods are not contradictory to what is actually going on in politics, they strongly advantage the tendency to focus exclusively on the staging of an event. Through their competition for public attention, politicians have been developing sophistication regarding placement and staging of events as well as regarding factual information. In the process of this transformation, politics that are issue-related and based on binding decisions are being gradually transformed into symbolic politics. Moreover, through their appearance on TV, politicians first of all need to possess presentational skills which are not necessarily related to their political achievements. Still, presentational skills decide over the success in politics of those politicians. The reason is that a politician who possesses presentational skills is still being perceived as being successful even if his political achievements notedly lag behind. On the other hand, political achievements are being underrated if a politician lacks the talent to present himself in front of the media. “The staging of politics, “politainment”, on the stage of mass media is evolving into a key structure which is responsible for a new coinage of politics in all different kinds of dimensions: the selection of staff, the role of action programs and their impact for the legitimation of political acting, even in relation to therole of pivotal political institutions such as parties and parliaments in the political process. The TV debates during the Bundestag elections of the year 2002 and 2005 are being analyzed and judged as “staging of politics”(politainment). Self-dramatization in media society concerning media discourses about politics and political self-portrayal has become a basic principle of political communication. Self-dramatization is a vital challenge for adequate political communication and content-based orientation in our present media democracies.

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