• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2003

Nitrification performance of fixed film biofilters using coarse sand, loess bead, or styrofoam beads in biofilter columns 1 meter high and 30cm in diameter were studied at different hydraulic and organic matter loading rates. Synthetic wastewater was supplied to the culture tank in order to maintain desired TAN concentrations in inlet water to biofilters. All the biofilters were conditioned 5 months before start of sampling. TAN and $NO_2-N$ conversion rates increased with an increase in the hydraulic loading rate (HLR). However, the improvement in biofilter performance was not linearly correlated to HLR in styrofoam bead filters. This is mainly due to the characteristics of the styrofoam beads used. TAN conversion rates of sand filters increased with the increase of HLR up to $200m^3/m^2$. per day. No increase in the TAN conversion rate was observed at the highest HLR since flooding on the media surface took place. HLR had a significant impact on the TAN conversion rates in loess bead filter up to the highest HLR tested (P<0.05). TAN conversion rates were much less at organic matter loading rates of 9 and 18kg $O_2/m^3$ per day than those without the addition of organic matter in styrofoam bead filters. The addition of glucose resulted in a reduction of the TAN conversion rate from 540 to 284g $TAN/m^3$ per day. No significant difference of TAN conversion rates between the two organic matter loading rates was found (p<0.05). This indicates that the impact of organic matter on nitrification becomes less and less sensitive with an increase in the COD/TAN ratio. At an organic matter loading rate of 9kg $O_2/m^3$. per day, a great reduction of TAN conversion rates was observed in sand filters and loess bead filters. Clearly, organic matter can be one of the most Important Impacting factors on nitrification. $NO_2-N$ conversion rates showed a similar trend for TAN. Based on the TAN and nitrite conversion rates, styrofoam beads showed the best performance among the three filter media tested. Also, the low gravity and price of styrofoam beads make the handling easier and more cost-effective for commercial application. The results obtained at the highest organic matter loading rates can be used in the biofilter design in recirculating aquaculture system.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.281-283
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• 2001

The low foamed high strengthen styrofoam samples made by dielectric heating are discussed. We used the oscillator which have the frequency of 13.6MHz and the Power of 7kW. 3 times expanded beads by steaming method were used in our foam-molding test. Internal fusion properties and density of internal structure were improved by dielectric foaming process. At the temperature of 105-110$^{\circ}C$, the internal fusion property was maximally improved.

• 월간포장계
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• 통권134호
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• pp.62-65
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• 2004

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2005

Styrofoam as shock-absorbing materials for packaging has been regarded as one of non-biodegradable products leading to soil contamination at a landfill and release of dioxine during its incineration. For avoiding severe burdens on our environments by styrofoam, it must be replaced by environment-friendly materials. In order to evaluate availability of pulp fibers as a substitute for styrofoam, various extrusion processes were applied for making optimal biodegradable products. Then thermomechanical pulp fibers made of Pinus radiata and Pinus rigida were uniformly mixed with other additives such as starch and polyvinyl alcohol prior to expansion. The physical properties of the final products were examined by measuring expansion efficiency, compression strength, and elastic modulus. Wheat starch played a key role to maintain optimal flowing conditions within the barrel of the extruder irrespective of addition of soluble starch and polyvinyl alcohol. However, as the amounts of wheat starch in raw-materials increased, the elastic modulus of the expanded materials greatly increased. High elastic modulus is not suitable as shock-absorbing products for packaging. Thus the wheat starch must be added at a minimum if possible, that is, below 20% based on oven-dried weight of pulp fibers. the elastic modulus of the expanded products was decreased as their moisture contents increased. For the products containing 20% wheat starch, the lowest elastic modulus, 844.64 kPa was obtained under 10% of the moisture content. This was similar to that of styrofoam.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2012

본 논문은 항만폐기물 수거에 및 관리에 자동인식 시스템인 RFID를 활용하기 위한 선행연구로써, 최근 급속히 늘고 있는 구리와 아연합금의 양식용 철제 가두리에 대하여 RFID를 부착하는 효율적인 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이는 재활용률 향상과 환경오염 예방을 위하여 꼭 해결이 필요한 과제인데, 철제 가두리는 사용 환경 특성으로 인하여 수분이 함유된 철제 어구(fishing equipment)인 바, 금속 혹은 고무, 유리 등과 같은 물질에 RFID 태그를 부착할 때 발생하는 RFID 인식률과 관련된 중요한 기술적 난제인 RFID에너지의 반사와 흡수 현상을 극복할 수 있는 실용적 방안이 강구되어야 한다. 최근 스티로폼(Styrofoam)이나 합성수지 등을 이용하여 금속에 부착할 수 있는 900MHz 대역의 금속태그가 개발되어 보급되고 있으나, 이 또한 일반 태그에 비하면 가격이 상대적으로 고가인 현실적인 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 전형적 금속형 어구인 철제 가두리를 대상으로 RFID 인식률 향상을 위한 스치로폼 패드(styrofoam pad) 활용 방안을 제시하고, 아울러 안테나 각도 등의 리더기 활용 최적조건 등을 실험을 통하여 살펴본다. 실험계획 및 분석은 다구찌(Taguchi)기법을 적용하였고, Minitab S/W를 활용하였다. 실험결과로써, 스티로폼 패드의 두께는 두꺼울수록 좋으며, 태그의 부착위치는 모서리(edge)부분, 리더기 각도는 $0^{\circ}$(정면)가 인식률이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.306-315
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• 2005

The distribution and composition of marine floating debris were recorded from a training ship 'Kyeongyang' of Gangwon Provincial University at May 19-29, 2004 and Aug.24-31, 2004. The sampled area is the middle part of East Sea of Korea(the coast of Gangwondo and region of Ulleung island and Tokdo), divided into 27 unit segments on survey areas. Debris fabrication materials were categorized with 6 items using the following; styrofoam, paper & cardboard, net & rope, vinyl & plastic, floating metal & glass, man-made or natural wood. From the investigation on May,2004, total numbers of marine floating debris in the middle part of the East Sea of Korea was 996 individuals. The No. 1 and No. 2 unit segment located at south-west region of Ulleung Island showed higher density than others. The styrofoam and vinyl & plastic accounted for 72.8% of all debris fabrication materials. From the investigation on August, 2004, total numbers of marine floating debris in the coast of the Gangwondo of Korea was 2,473 individuals. The No. 13 and No. 14 unit segment located at the vicinity of Samcheok showed higher density than others. The styrofoam and vinyl & plastic amounted to 76.1%. In the coast of the Gangwondo, the vinyl & plastic showed the highest density of 6 items were 41.3% and 68.0% on May and August, respectively. The total numbers of marine floating debris on May and August were 3,399 individuals. Vinyl & plastic accounted for 59.4%(2,019 ind.) among all debris, next styrofoam 15.8%(537 ind.) and wood 11.2%(379 ind.).

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2012

There are many high-rise apartment building construction in Korea. There was an accident to pass through worker head by rebar dropped from height place. Therefore, low cost-high effectiveness method to prevent this type of accident should be revised and applied into the construction site. This study is to find out which method could be effectively applied to a site with low cost. Practical field test at 4th floor, 10th floor of apartment building site using re-bar diameter D10, D13, D16, D19, D22 with a length of 1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m which are common by used in a site. The test has also been done with a cover of styrofoam thickness 4.5 cm and thickness 9cm on field drop preventing net. One sheet of styrofoam thickness 45 mm has approximately two times stronger than only prevention net, It is found. Also, Two sheets have approximately two times stronger than one sheet of it.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.27-30
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• 2007

Recently, use of light-weight panel is increasing in building. Styrofoam sandwich panel is inexpensive and it is excellent in insulation ability and constructability. But styrofoam of panel inside is low ignition point. Consequently, when panel is fired, it is occur in poisonous gas. On the other hand, light-weight foamed concrete is excellent in insulation ability, fire resistance due to inner pore. Properties of light-weight concrete is influenced by foaming agent type. Accordingly, this study investigate in insulation property of according to foaming agent type in order to using light-weight foamed concrete instead of styrofoam. As a results, Non-heating zone temperature of light-weight foamed concrete of using AP, FP are lower than light-weight foamed concrete of using AES. Light-weight foamed concrete of using AES, FP are satisfied with fire performance of two hours at foam ratio 50, 100. Light-weight foamed concrete of using AP is satisfied with fire performance of two hours at AP ratio 0.1, 0.15. Insulation property is better closed pore by made AP, FP than open pore by made AES.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2014

In this study, we have investigated the maximum smoke density and the initial stage smoke density in order to see the characteristics of smoke release of the architectural surface materials and the architectural adhesives, using smoke density chamber. As a result of the study, polyurethane foam showed the highest smoke density index, 206.55 within 10 min. In the case of the other samples, reinforced styrofoam was followed as 39.90, general styrofoam 33.73, and glass fiber 5.40, respectively. In the intial stage of a fire, it is forecasted actually to give hardship at the clear visibility. In the case of architectural adhesives, the highest ranking was those for windows and doors 509.64, stone 275.63, wood 232.25, tile 18.65, and styrofoam 6.44 were followed, respectively. This result is an early research to show characteristics of smoke release through experiment. However, it is meaningful that this study can be used as a basic for further study on architectural fire hazard prediction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.639-654
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• 2016

건축 재료별 연소가스에 따른 인체 유해성 평가에 관한 본 연구는 SEM, FTIR와 콘칼로리미터를 이용하여 목재류인 MDF와 나왕방부목 2종과 화학물질인 난연 스티로폼, 스티로폼, 우레탄폼 및 석고보드 4종의 플라스틱류 각각의 재료별 연소가스 분석을 하였다. 분석결과, MDF는 연소된 부분의 나무구조와 접착제가 혼합되어 균일하게 연소되었고 나왕방부목은 난연 약제가 깊숙이 침투하여 높은 열에도 목재의 형태를 일정하게 유지하였다. 난연 스티로폼은 불이 붙지 않고 녹아내렸는데 무기계 난연제 때문으로 사료되고 석고보드는 형태는 유지했으나 열에 취약함을 확인하였다. MDF에서 암모니아($NH_3$)치사농도(750 ppm)대비 795 ppm, 나왕방부목은 이산화탄소($CO_2$)가 256,965 ppm으로 치사농도(100,000 ppm)의 2.5배 초과하였고, 우레탄에서 염화수소(HCl)의 치사농도(500 ppm)를 초과하는 697 ppm, 또한 우레탄에서 이산화질소($NO_2$) 치사농도(250 ppm)를 크게 초과하는 434 ppm과 난연 스티로폼 398 ppm이 방출되었다. 대부분의 재료에서 인체에 매우 유해한 가스가 방출됨을 확인하였고, 본 연구결과는 향후 건축 재료별 인체 유해성을 평가하는 기초데이터로 활용하고자 한다.