• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1362-1372
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• 2009

본 연구는 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 고나트륨 섭취군을 분류하여 노인들의 식습관 개선 및 영양교육을 위한 사전연구로서 이들의 영양지식, 식습관, 식품섭취패턴을 조사하였다. 65세 이상 노인 135명의 조사대상자 중 42.96%인 58명이고나트륨 섭취군에 속하였다. 생활습관에서 음주, 간식횟수, 외식횟수, 수분섭취량에서 고나트륨 섭취군이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 자반류, 젓갈류, 장아찌, 조림류, 국물 섭취량, 간장과 소금의 추가량에 관한 식습관 점수가 고나트륨 섭취군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 고나트륨 섭취군의 나트륨에 관한 영양지식 총점이 남녀노인 모두 유의적으로 낮았으며, 남자노인은 나트륨과 인스턴트식품, 나트륨과 인공조미료에 관한 문항에서, 여자노인은 나트륨과 질병과의 관계, 나트륨 섭취권장량에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 고나트륨 섭취군에서 Na index 14의 김치찌개, 된장찌개, 미역국, 멸치볶음에서의 섭취빈도가 유의적으로 높았다. 또한 인스턴트식품을 통한 총 나트륨 섭취량은 고나트륨 섭취군에서 남자노인 1562.49 mg, 여자노인 1227.82 mg으로 유의하게 높았으며, 특히 면류를 통한 섭취량이 70% 이상이었다. 영양지식 점수가 높을수록 Na index 14 점수(p<0.05), 인스턴트식품을 통한 나트륨 섭취량(p<0.01), 나트륨 섭취 관련 식습관 점수가 낮았다. Na index 14 점수에 대해 세끼 식사의 규칙성, 식사량의 적정성, 천천히 식사함(p<0.01) 항목에서 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, Na index 14 점수가 높을수록 인스턴트 국류(p<0.01), 탕류(p<0.01), 죽류(p<0.01), 스프류(p<0.01), 면류(p<0.01), 레토르트류(p<0.01)의 섭취가 높았다. 본 연구는 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 하여 나트륨 과잉 섭취 노인의 특성 및 섭취요인을 진단하였다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다고 사료된다. 이에 고나트륨 섭취군을 대상으로 본 연구에서 드러난 문제점을 도출하여 이들의 영양지식, 식습관, 식품섭취패턴이 개선될 수 있도록 구체적인 대안을 제시하고 행동변화에 중점을 두는 영양교육이 요구되어지는 바이다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2009

This study aims at examining perception of body weight control and lifestyles and food habits of under-weight, normal-weight and over-weight female college students. The data analysis were conducted by a body fat analyzer and questionnaires. The subjects were 368 female college students divided into three groups: the under-weight(UW), the normal-weight(NW), and the over-weight(OW), according to the guidelines of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity(2000). Among the subjects, 18.2% were under-weight, 63.6% normal-weight, and 18.2% over-weight. Mean of body weights were 45.4kg, 53.3kg, and 63.7kg, and BMIs were $17.5kg/m^2$, $20.5kg/m^2$ and $24.6kg/m^2$ in the UW, NW, and OW groups, respectively. 'Self assessment of body weight' was significant at the level of p<0.001 according to the Obesity Index. Of the UW group, 41.8% considered their weight to be normal and 4.5% believed they are over-weight. In the NW group, 43.2% thought they are over-weight, 1.5% believed they are under-weight. 57.1 % of the UW group and 98.6% of the NW group had ever tried to reduce their weight. Their 'exercise frequency and exercise time' were not significant by the 01. 'Regularity in the daily life' of the subjects was significant at the level of p<0.05. 43.3 % of the OW group answered that they don't live regular daily lives. 'Sleeping time' of the subjects was significant at the level of p<0.05 by the 01. 41.8% of the OW group reported that they sleep 'between 7 and 8 hours a day' which was the highest rate among the three groups. 'Frequency of meals per day' was not significant by the OI. 'The speed of eating meals' was significant at p<0.01, 23.9% of the UW group, 31.2% of NW group, and 38.8% of OW group reported that they have meals 'in a very fast speed'. Concludingly, most of female college students conceive themselves as having inappropriate body image, which means that they need to be given additional education about nutrition and diet.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.303-311
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• 1998

당뇨식이로 추천된 5가지의 식단과 설문조사에서 가장 많이 이용하는 한국식단 설문조사 결과에서 가정식 10가지와 외식 9가지 식단을 선정하여 원칙적으로 500$\pm$10 ㎉가 되도록 식단을 작성하였다. 남녀 정상인에게 섭취시킨 후 섬취전, 섭취후 15분, 30분, 60분, 90분, 120분에 혈당을 조사하고 glycemic index(GI)를 계산하였다. 당뇨식으로 추천된 식단과 일반 가정 식단간 혈당 반응에는 큰 차이가 없이 일반적으로 곡류군의 단위수가 적으면 GI가 낮았으며 곡류군의 단위수가 같을 때는 반찬의 종류에 따라 혈당반응에 큰 영향을 주었다. 곡류군에서는 밀가루 분식이 혈당상승 억제효과가 컸고 잡곡은 보리와 현미가 GI를 낮추는데 효과적이었는데 보리가 현미보다 약간 더 좋았다. 보리나 현미는 15%정도 이상 혼식하여야 효과가 있으며 5% 이하는 효과를 인정할 수 없었다. 백미로 3단위 이상의 곡류군 섭취시는 혈당 상승이 높았으며 채소군의 섭취량과는 뚜렷한 경향이 없었다. GI는 식사후 30분 후의 혈당치와 RAR과는 고도로 유의성 있는 상관관계가 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2012

To evaluate age and gender differences in the relation of cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive impairment, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis from aged people using by a cross sectional method. Sixty-nine healthy elders living in the community who had not previously undergone carotid ultrasonography were included. We conducted life style surveys, and cognitive function tests including Korean-mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) and clinical dementia rating-Korean. Various biomarkers from blood were assessed; fasting insulin-like growth factor-1, lipid-profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, total homocysteine, glucose, insulin, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance index, vitamin B12, and folate level. Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), and plaques were measured using carotid ultrasonography and aortic ultrasonography, a valid index of atherosclerosis. For the elderly subjects (aged 65-82 years), cognition impairment was more prevalent in females while subclinical atherosclerosis was more prevalentin males. Increased C-IMT has been kept in males, and C-IMT shows increasing trend and the peak at about 80 year-old in females with increasing age. The significant correlations between C-IMT and many vascular risk factors including age, triglyceride, abnormal homocysteinein male, and K-MMSE, insulin, HOMA index and abnormal aortic ultrasonography in female were different in each gender, with the exception of homocysteine (p<0.05). This data suggests that there were differences of age and gender characteristics in terms of subclinical atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors in community-living elders. Further larger and longitudinal studies across entire age are required to better understand the effects of risk factors on subclinical atherosclerosis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2016

본 연구는 중년기 성인의 당뇨병 유병형태에 대한 생리적 지표 및 생활습관 요인을 비교, 조사하기 위해 시행되었다. 대상자는 2010-2012년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용한 2차 자료 분석이며, 40-64세의 중년기 성인 5,363명을 표본으로 하였다. 자료는 기술적 통계, 교차분석, ANCOVA, 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 정상군, 전당뇨병군, 당뇨병군을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 체질량지수는 정상군보다 전당뇨병군과 당뇨병군에서 유의하게 높았다. 고혈압, 복부비만여부, 고콜레스테롤혈증여부, 고중성지방혈증여부, 흡연, 음주, 탄수화물 섭취량은 세 군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 생리적 지표 및 생활습관 요인 중 고혈압(OR:1.64, CI 1.35-2.01), 고콜레스테롤혈증(OR:1.36, CI 1.03-1.79), 고중성지방혈증(OR:1.71, CI 1.34-2.18), 복부비만(남;OR:2.31, CI 1.75-3.05, 여;OR:2.20, CI 1.67-2.91), 체질량지수(OR:1.13, CI 1.10-1.17), 음주(OR:1.44, 1.16-1.79)가 당뇨병전단계에 영향을 주는 요인으로 나타났다. 당뇨병에 영향을 주는 요인은 고혈압(OR:2.27, CI 1.68-3.06), 고콜레스테롤혈증(OR:2.31, CI 1.67-3.20), 고중성지방혈증(OR:1.95, CI 1.39-2.73), 복부비만(남;OR:2.31, CI 1.60-3.32, 여;OR:3.26, CI 2.24-4.73), 체질량지수(OR:1.12, CI 1.07-1.18), 흡연(OR:1.59, CI 1.18-2.13)으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 중년기 성인에서 고혈압, 비만, 이상지질혈증, 음주, 흡연 등의 생활습관을 개선할 수 있는 효과적인 당뇨병 예방을 위한 중재 프로그램의 개발을 제언한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2009

본 연구는 2007년 3월부터 5월까지 경기도 광주시에 소재하고 있는 K영상의학과의원에서 간 초음파검사에 의한 알코올성 간질환의 위험요인을 분석하기 위하여, 연령, 성별, 음주빈도, 체질량지수, 콜레스테롤 및 GPT 등 6개의 요인을 선정하였다. 연구대상은 20세 이상 69세 미만의 353명을 대상으로 간 초음파검사에 의한 간질환과 음주양태 등과 생활습관의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 간질환에 걸릴 확률은 남성이 여성보다 2.12배 정도 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 주 3회 이상 술을 마시는 사람이 간질환에 걸릴 확률은 주 2회 이하로 마시거나 술을 전혀 마시지 않는 사람들에 비해 약 2.37배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 정상 체질량지수인 사람이 비정상 체질량지수인 사람보다 간질환에 걸릴 확률이 0.52배로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 콜레스테롤 수치가 비정상인이 간질환에 걸릴 확률이 정상인보다 약 9.13배 정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. GPT 수치가 비정상인 사람은 정상인보다 간질환에 걸릴 확률이 약 4.66배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과 간질환을 진단하기 위하여 건강증진 프로그램에 간 초음파검사가 필수적이라고 사료된다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2023

본 연구는 간호대학생의 MBTI 선호지표에 따른 갈등관리유형의 차이를 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다 자료수집은 2023년 8월 30일부터 9월 30일까지였다. 자료분석은 independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe's를 시행하였다. 연구결과 갈등관리유형에 유의미한 차이를 보이는 MBTI지표 중 에너지 방향에서 I는 E보다 회피가 높았다(t=-3.776, p<0.01). 의사결정기능의 경우 F가 T보다 양보(t=-3.478, p<0.01)와 회피(t=-3.389, p<0.01)가 높았고, T가 F보다 지배가 높았다(t=2.070, p<0.5). 외부생활 대처양식의 경우 J가 P보다 협력(t=2.756, p<0.01)과 타협(t=2.044, p<0.5)이 높았다. MBTI의 심리기능유형에서는 NF형이 ST형보다 양보가 높았고(F=4.174, p<0.05), SF형이 ST형보다 회피가 높았다(F=4.202, p<0.05). MBTI 의사결정기능 유형과 외부생활 대처양식을 조합해서 갈등관리유형의 차이를 분석한 결과는 FJ형이 FP형 보다 협력이(F=2.907, p<0.05), FJ형이 TP형보다 양보가(F=4.662, p<0.01), FJ형이 TJ형보다 회피가 높았다(F=3.327, p<0.05). MBTI의 태도지표는 EJ형이 EP형 보다 협력이 높았고(F=2.817, p<0.05), IP형이 EP형 보다 회피가 유의미하게 높았다(F=4.551, p<0.01). 본 연구에서는 현재까지 국내에서는 연구되지 않은 MBTI 의사결정기능 유형(F,T)과 외부생활대처양식(J,P)을 조합해서 갈등관리유형의 차이를 확인한 것에 의의가 있다. 후속연구에서는 본 연구결과를 반영하여 대상자 수를 확대한 MBTI 성격유형별 갈등관리유형에 대한 연구, MBTI 지표 및 성격유형별 갈등관리 프로그램개발과 프로그램 효과성 분석 연구를 제언한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2007

This study was to investigate dietary life and eating-out style related to breakfast frequency of male students in culinary college. This survey was conducted using questionnaires for 110 male students at college in Hongseung. Mean height and body weight of those we investigated was 174 cm and 70.5 kg. The one to two times per week breakfast eating group was 34.55%, which is exceedingly numerous; none per week breakfast eating group was 30%; three to tow times per week breakfast eating group was 15.45%; everyday breakfast eating group was only 9.09%. The breakfast frequency was very low, and the not-eating breakfast problem is serious to think of in male college students. Mean weight, body fat and body mass index(BMI) of the everyday breakfast eating group was lower than the other group even it was not significant. The self-boarding house or dormitory living condition group was not eating breakfast was significant. So a correct dietary lift and eating habit should be taught further for male college students. The smoking group was a significant low frequency of breakfast eating, as well as the lower frequency of breakfast, or worse recognition of self health condition. Higher frequency of breakfast showed more contentment of self body weight. Cooked rice was significantly the most preferable for breakfast. The lower breakfast frequency tended to eat breads or cereals. The lower frequency of breakfast, self recognition of eating rate as speedier was significant, and tended to have a higher frequency of eating-out because of being annoyed by cooking. The lower breakfast frequency ate out more. Twenty five percent of the everyday breakfast eating group ate out because of a special day, and thirty five percent of the not eating breakfast group did so because of being annoyed by cooking. Their mean dietary evaluation grade was under the normal grade, which means that culinary college male students' dietary lives were poor. The lower frequency of breakfast and lower grade of food life evaluation, indicates the importance of nutritional breakfasts education should be improved for male culinary college students also.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.193-205
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• 1999

This study was carried out to identify the important risk factors for reduced bone mass of postmenopausal RA patients and to develop discriminant function which can classify postmenopausal RA patients with either reduced or normal bone mass. Through the literature review, individual characteristics such as age, body weight, height, age of menarche, duration of menopause, gravity, parity, and breast feeding period and factors of life style such as milk consumption exercise habit, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, coffee consumpt ion , disease activity, corticosteroid therapy were identified as influencing factors of reduced bone mass in RA patients Sixty eight postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis aged between 42 and 76 were selected among those who checked bone mineral density in lumbar spine and femur from october, 1998 to Apr il, 1999 at Dong-a university hospital in Pusan. Assessment of disease activity, duration of disease and corticosteroid therapy were made by the same rheumatologist and included Ritchie articular index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein on measuring bone mineral density. Cumulative steroid dosage was calculated from the daily dosage multiplied by t h e number of days received. The information of other risk factor including health assessment score, individual characteristics and life style factors were collected by questionnaire. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured using DXA at lumbar spine and femoral Ward's triangle. Discriminant function(regression equation) was developed for estimating the likelihood of the presence or absence of reduced bone mass. The results are as follows: Among the subjects, thirteen(19.1%) exhibited osteoporosis in lumbar spine and twenty four(35.3%) exhibited osteoporosis in femoral Ward's triangle. For lumbar spine, the variables significant were age, body weight, health assessment score, while for femoral Ward's triangle, age, body weight, duration of disease. But disease activity and corticosteroid therapy were not signigicant to distinguish reduced bone mass from normal bone mass. When the discriminant function was evaluated by comparing the observed out come with predicted out come, the discriminant function correctly classified 85.4% of patients with reduce bone mass and 63.0% of patients with normal bone mass in the lumbar spine and 100% of patients with reduced bone mass and 9.1% of patients with normal bone mass in the femoral Ward's triangle. In summary, we found that osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with RA is more evident at the femur than the lumbar spine. Also the important discriminant factors of reduced bone mass postmenopausal women with RA were age, body weight , duration of disease and health disability. In nursing situation, the efforts to improve of functional capacity of postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis should be considered to prevent osteoporosis and fractures. Also we recommend those postmenopausal women with RA who are classified as a group of the reduced bone mass in the discriminant function should examine the bone mineral density to further examine the usefulness of this discriminant function.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to shed further light on the effect of modifiable health behavior risk factors on dependence in activities of daily living, defined in a multidimensional fashion. Methods: The study participants were 10,278 middle aged Americans in a longitudinal health study, the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS). A multi-stage probability sampling design incorporating the effect of population sizes (Metropolitan and non-metropolitan), ethnicity (the non- Hispanic White, the Hispanic, and the Black), and age (age 51-61) was utilized. Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were measured using five activities necessary for survival (impairment in dressing, eating, bathing, sleeping, and moving across indoor spaces). Explanatory variables were four health behavior risk factors included smoking, exercise, Body Mass Index (BMI), and alcohol consumption. Results: Most participants at baseline were ADL independent (1992). 97.8% of participants were independent in all ADL's at baseline and 78.2% were married. Approximately 27.5% were current smokers at baseline, and the subjects reported moderate or heavy exercise were 74.8%. All demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors were significantly associated with the ADL status at Wave 4 except alcohol consumption. Risk behaviors such as current smoking, sedentary life style and high BMI at Wave 1 were associated with ADL status deterioration; however, moderate alcohol consumption tended to be more related to better ADL status than abstaining at Wave 4. ADL status at Wave 1 was the strongest factor and the next was exercise and smoking affecting ADL status at Wave 4. People who were in ADL dependent at Wave 1 were 15.17 times more likely to be ADL dependent at Wave 4 than people who were in ADL independent at Wave 1. Concerning smoking cigarettes, people who kept only light exercise or sedentary life style at Wave 1 were 1.70 times more likely to be died at Wave 4 than the people who did not smoke at Wave 1. Conclusions: All demographics and health behaviors at wave 1 had consistently similar OR trends for ADL status to each other except alcohol consumption. Smoking and exercise in health behaviors, and age and gender in demographics at Wave 1 were significant factors associated with ADL group separation at Wave 4.