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Age and Gender Differences in the Relationship of Cognitive Impairment, Vascular Risk Factors, and Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis from Community-based Elderly  

Kim, Ji-Hee (Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wonkwang University College of Medicine and Hospital)
Park, Hyun-Young (Department of Neurology, Wonkwang University College of Medicine and Hospital)
Kim, Dae-Won (Department of Neurosurgery, Wonkwang University College of Medicine and Hospital)
Byun, Seung-Jae (Department of Surgery, Wonkwang University College of Medicine and Hospital)
Moon, Hyo-Jeong (Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wonkwang University College of Medicine and Hospital)
Lee, In (Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University)
Yang, Chung-Yong (Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wonkwang University College of Medicine and Hospital)
Publication Information
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine / v.26, no.3, 2012 , pp. 399-407 More about this Journal
Abstract
To evaluate age and gender differences in the relation of cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive impairment, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis from aged people using by a cross sectional method. Sixty-nine healthy elders living in the community who had not previously undergone carotid ultrasonography were included. We conducted life style surveys, and cognitive function tests including Korean-mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) and clinical dementia rating-Korean. Various biomarkers from blood were assessed; fasting insulin-like growth factor-1, lipid-profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, total homocysteine, glucose, insulin, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance index, vitamin B12, and folate level. Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), and plaques were measured using carotid ultrasonography and aortic ultrasonography, a valid index of atherosclerosis. For the elderly subjects (aged 65-82 years), cognition impairment was more prevalent in females while subclinical atherosclerosis was more prevalentin males. Increased C-IMT has been kept in males, and C-IMT shows increasing trend and the peak at about 80 year-old in females with increasing age. The significant correlations between C-IMT and many vascular risk factors including age, triglyceride, abnormal homocysteinein male, and K-MMSE, insulin, HOMA index and abnormal aortic ultrasonography in female were different in each gender, with the exception of homocysteine (p<0.05). This data suggests that there were differences of age and gender characteristics in terms of subclinical atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors in community-living elders. Further larger and longitudinal studies across entire age are required to better understand the effects of risk factors on subclinical atherosclerosis.
Keywords
atherosclerosis; cognition disorder; correlation; intima-media thickness; gender difference;
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