• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.58-70
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate children's Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and the degree of keeping the Dietary Guidelines of children and their mothers and to further examine the relationships between children and mothers. Methods: The subjects were 281 children from 4th to 6th grade in an elementary school located in Gwangju and their mothers. Results: NQ of the children was $66.8{\pm}14.2$, which was in the third (medium) grade. Among the five factors, the scores for Moderation and Diversity were in the second (high) grade, but those for Regularity, Practice, and Balance were in the third grade. Children of non-working mothers had significantly higher scores for NQ and Balance than those of working mothers. Children of mothers with age over 40 had a significantly higher score on Diversity than those with mothers under age 40. Children of mothers with higher education showed higher score for Regularity than those with lower education. Children from high-income families had higher score for Moderation. The score for children keeping the Dietary Guidelines was $78.8{\pm}10.5$ and children of non-working mothers showed higher score than those of working mothers. The score for mothers practicing the Dietary Guidelines was $80.6{\pm}9.4$ and non-working mothers and mothers with age over 40 had higher score. Children's NQ showed significant correlation with the score for keeping the Dietary Guidelines for children (r = 0.789, p < 0.001) and also with that of mothers (r = 0.235, p < 0.001). Conclusion: These results show that NQ of elementary school children in Gwangju is in the medium grade, the degree of practicing the Dietary Guidelines for children is pretty fair, and these factors are influenced by their mother's socioeconomic characteristics such as employment, age, education, and family income.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2018

This study deals with post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of 'Kim Gwang-seok Street'as storytelling road for urban regeneration. The evaluation focused on image preference and use satisfaction of visitors. This is the initial project of popular singer-storytelling street as a new attraction, and the results could be used as basic data for the sustainable planning and management of storytelling streets. 200 respondents of visitor group were analyzed. Frequency analysis for demographics, use, behavior, reliability, and means, were evaluated. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted for image preference and use satisfaction. Responses showed high frequency of twenties in age, who were typically students. In use motives and activities, strolling, sightseeing, and taking pictures were shown to be the most common. The mean scores of image variables showed symbolic (5.03), familiar (4.84), beautiful (4.71), and bright (4.63), the highest. The result of exploratory factor analysis, led to 3 factors being categorized; the mood of street, the design, and the dynamics. Due to the result of multiple regression analysis, the preference of space image was significantly influenced by 4 image variables; symbolic (${\beta}=.314$), stable (${\beta}=.248$), friendly (${\beta}=.204$), and fresh (${\beta}=.142$). In the use satisfaction analysis, the mean scores were highest concerning facility design (3.81), typical street (3.78), the image of street (3.81), continued use (3.66), and experiential tourism (3.53), respectively. The mean score of parking space (2.56) was the lowest. In factor analysis concerning use satisfaction, 3 factors were categorized; facility management, experience, and image. By the result of multiple regression analysis, the total satisfaction of use was significantly influenced by 4 independent variables; image of street (${\beta}=.296$), management (${\beta}=.277$), continued use (${\beta}=.205$), and typical street (${\beta}=.183$). As storytelling road for urban regeneration, 'Kim Gwang-seok Street' has shown considerable success in significant improvement of image preference and user satisfaction. Therefore, the enhancement of 'placeness' through storytelling of Kim Gwang-seok, and the strengthening of its identity and symbolism, should be the basic focus of development for the street in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.649-658
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to verify the difference in health and obesity according to water and coffee intake. The study subject is 900 female college students. Physical fitness factors measured in this study were physical strength(grip strength, back muscle strength), muscle endurance (sit-up), Flexibility(Sit & reach) and cardiopulmonary endurance(harvard step). The factors of body composition (intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, protein, mineral, body water content, muscle mass, lean body mass, body fat mass) and obesity (BMI, body fat percentage, abdominal fat percentage, obesity) were measured with the Inbody equipment. SPSS program was used for all data analysis. Group differences were verified by two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. The results are as follows. There was no interaction effect between water and coffee intake on health and obesity. Therefore, the difference of the dependent variables according to each independent variable was verified. There was no significant difference in physical fitness according to water intake and coffee intake, but there was a significant difference in body composition (intracellular fluid, protein, minerals, body water, muscle mass and lean body mass). Water drinking group more than 7 cups had significantly higher body composition than the 1-4 cups water drinking group. In the case of coffee, the body composition of the 3 cup intake group was significantly higher than that of the none intake group. Obesity was significantly higher than the none intake and 1-2 cup intake groups. Based on the study results, water intake was not related to obesity, but coffee was related. For further studies, it would be better to consider gender and age differences in drinking various beverages such as water and coffee and that would be used to suggest a desirable way of water intake according to individual characteristics of the better health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.759-764
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to provide the basic data for the health management of the primary school, by finding and analyzing the factors affecting the degrees of atopic dermatitis symptom's severeness. The subjects of our study were collected 273 pupils mothers, whose children are undergoing through the atopic symptoms. The investigation process took the entire month of the November in 2006. The result of the older the pupils, the severer their symptoms(p<0.05). The longer the period(p<0.01), the more widely spread over the body, and the severer the symptoms(p<0.01). In the dietary habit, the more meat they eat, the severer the symptom(p<0.05). and in relation to the eating the food outside home, the more frequently they eat the fast-food, the severer the symptom. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, using the degrees of atopic dermatitis symptom's severeness as the dependent variables. it is discovered that the longer infection period they have and the more frequently they have the fast-food, the severer the symptom of the atopic dermatitis. The parent's love for the child, the monthly cost for the management of the infection, and the parent's feeling toward the child, can have a greate influence on the physical health, the feelings and the relation with the friends of the infected child, when the child shows the symptoms of scratching his skin. The conclusions of When all the results above are put together, the dietary habit of eating the meals mostly prepared with the meat should be corrected, and the education to form the pupil's right dietary habit, such as, putting the limit on the fast-food, must be made, in order to prevent the symptom of the atopic dermatitis from getting worse. And by the recognizing the atopic dermatitis as the family health problem, the comprehensive family health management, including the mother should be made.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of stress and personality on sleep patterns, and further, to identify potential correlations between stress and personality characteristics. Methods: A total of 174 healthy college students were subjects for this study. Participants filled out the Daily Stress Inventory before sleep and the Modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index after sleep on three consecutive days. They also filled out the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16-PF), BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) and STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Results: Minor stresses highly correlated with subjective sleep quality and symptoms of non-restorative sleep. However, total sleep time, sleep latency, awakening frequency, and frequency of dreams were not explained by stress scores. The O (guilty feeling), C (low ego strength) and Q4 (high anxiety) factors of the 16-PF also highly correlated with symptoms of non-restorative sleep and significantly affected sleep patterns. BDI and STAI scores also correlated with the above personality factors and minor stresses. Conclusion: This study showed that minor stresses impaired the restorative effects of sleep. Personality characteristics such as low ego strength, high levels of anxiety, and feelings of guilt were vulnerable to minor stresses. Minor stress, various personality characteristics, different coping patterns, and emotional response are highly correlated with each other and affect sleep patterns.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.162-168
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Teeth are generally exposed when people smiling. Moreover, the exposed teeth and soft tissue when smiling becomes an important guideline for esthetically prosthetic restoration. This research is to compare and find out differences of Korean young men's smile living in presence and twenty years ago. Materials and methods: Subjects, 100 young men (50 male and 50 female), were required about several aspects; normally developed physical condition, no psychological or genetic disorders, a fine face with no loss of teeth, no experience in orthodontic or prosthetic treatment, relatively normal occlusion, aged between 20-29. The photos of the subject at rest position and front face when fully smiled were taken three times. 100 photos (50 male and 50 female) were chosen at random from the 240 university students' smile photos taken by Yoon and his colleagues in 1991. By Hulsey's method of measuring smile, several factors; the change of upper lip curvature, the change of the relation between the upper lip and teeth, parallelism between Mx. incisor and lower lip, contact relation between Mx. incisor and lower lip and teeth displayed in a smile, were measured and analyzed. Meanwhile, ten dentists assessed aesthetic evaluation about men and women's smile for twice and recorded and compared smile score. The -test (P<.05) was used to compare the measured value. The difference of smile score was analyzed by t-test (P<.05). Results: The smile score calculated in 2011 (60.22) was higher than that of 1991 (52.80). Among five measurement categories, the noticeable difference was distinguished from two factors; the change of upper lip curvature and contact relation between Mx. incisor and lower lip. Conclusion: The Korean young men's smile has been considerably improved for twenty years. And it is found that the change of upper lip curvature plays an important role, that is, the smile formed with an ascended labial commissure has been increased significantly.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 1989

For the analysis of mortality differentials by socioeconomic factors based on death registration data, we have considered four variables : place of residence, educational attainment, marital status and occupation. The age range adopted were 5 to 64 years of age for place of residence, and 25 to 64 years of age for the other factors. The mortality differentials by socioeconomic variables were clear and in the expected direction: mortality levels among urban residents, better educated groups, and non- agricultural workers were lower than among the other sub- groups. The average mortality level in rural areas is much higher than in urban areas : the rural mortality levels were at least double the urban levels at ages below 40 years, but became smaller after age 40, and no clear differentials by urban I rural residence increased until 1974~76 for the both sexes, but since the then differentials have declined slowley for both sexes. This changing pattern of mortality differentials by place of residence can be explained by historical socioeconomic development : the development generally started in urban areas, and rural areas followed : in the course of socioeconomic development the differences between the death rates in the two areas became smaller and finally the mortality levels in the two areas became nearly the same, as is found in the developed countries nowadays. The inverse relationships between mortality and educational level became stronger between the periods 1970~72 and 1984~86, but showed the same atterns of mortality differentials in both period : larger differences among the younger age groups, and for males, than among the older age groups, and for females. The increasing mortality differentials in the fourteen-year period between 1970~72 and 1984~86 were caused by inadequate living standards of the non- educated, whose proportion in the total population, however, dropped sharply during that period. Also, the much lower proportions of low - educated groups or of persons with no formal education among males than females helped to establish the clearly pronounced differentials. The mortality differentials by marital status in Korea showed the usual pattern : the mortality rates of the married in each age and sex group were clearly lower than those of others during the fourteen-year period between 1970~72 and 1984~86. In Korean society which remotes universal marriage, the never married recorded especially high death rates, presumably mainly because of ill - health, but also possibly because of the stigma attached to celibacy. However, the mortality differentials by marital status changed with the changes in the proportionate distribution by marital status during the period : the differences between the death rates of the married and never married groups became smaller, the proportion of the never married group increased : in contrast, the differences between mortalities of the married and widowed / divorced / separated groups widened, with the decrease in the proportion of the later group ; this tendency was perticularly marked for females. Occupational groups also showed clear mortality differences : among four occupational groups mortality of males was highest among agricultural workers and lowest among 'professional, admi-nistrative and clerical workers, However, when the death rates were standardized by educational level, the death rates by occupation in age group 45~64 years were nearly the same (excet for the mixed group consisting of unemployed, students, military servicemen and unknown). Therefore, the clear mortality dfferentials by occupation in Korea resulted mainly from the differences in educational level between different occupation groups. Since socioeconomic characteristics are related to each other, the net effect of each variable was examined. Each of the three variables - ducational level, marital status and urban / rural residence affected significantly Korean adult mortality when the effects of the other variables were controlled. Among the three variables educational level was the most important factor for the determination of the adult mortality level. When male's occupation was added to the above three variables, the effects of occupation on adult mortality were notably smaller after control for the effects of the other three variables while the net effects of these three variables were nearly the same irrespectively whether occupation was included or not. Thus, the differences in educational level (mainly), place of residence and marital status bring out the clear differences in observed mortality levels by occupation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.9
• /
• pp.1375-1384
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the current state of consumption of medicinal food and the intent to participate in medicinal food education by food-related lifestyle. A total of 264 samples were conveniently selected from students enrolled in culinary education at the Seoul Institute of Technology and Education from September 5, 2014 to September 20, 2014. The results were as follows. Factor analysis showed five factors in food-related lifestyle named as adventure-seeking factor, taste-seeking factor, health-seeking factor, convenience-seeking factor, and safety seeking factor. There were three factors in awareness of medicinal food named as health characteristic, negative perception, and intent to purchase. The cluster analysis showed five dimensions for food-related lifestyle named as convenience-seeking group, safety-seeking group, health & safety-seeking group, health-seeking group, and taste-seeking group. Among the demographic characteristics, there was a significant difference in age, cooking career, and households by food-related lifestyle group. Among intent to participate in education regarding medicinal food, there was a significant difference in medicinal food educational institution preferences by food-related lifestyle group. Among medicinal food awareness, there was a significant difference in negative perception by food-related lifestyle group.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.43-57
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest objective basic data for park management proposal through the quantitative analysis of users' behaviors and satisfaction for the actual conditions of management in the Chiri Mountain National Park. For this users' behaviors and socio-economic characteristics have been cross-analyzed. Specifically, it attempts to investigate users' anticipate and degree of satisfaction applied Expectancy Theory by Likert attitude scale. Users'behaviors patterns of each site have been analyzed by the factor analysis algorithm, and each factor scores of sites have been clustered by the cluster method. And also user' satisfaction for the actual conditions of management have been analyzed by using the multiple regression. The major user groups were students and youth groups accompanied by their friends ranging from 3 to 10. The values of user'post occupancy-evaluation for such as rockwall climbing and praying on the mountain of each site showed higher than those of anticipated, but evaluation values of other activities were lower. The user'behaviors of each site have been analyzed five factors by factor analysis algorithm. By using the control method for the number of factors, T.V. has been obtained as 50.58%. The factor score of factor covering the behavior patterns of student and youth yield high EV. and C.V.. On the analysis of cluster using factor score, factor IV in Hwaomsa temple site and Ssanggyesa temple site, factor II, v in Jungsanri Valley site, factor, I, III in Bangmudong valley site and factor I. IV in Baemsagol vallry site showed very high values, respectively. According to the multiple regression analysis, the major variables related to the satisfaction for the actual conditions of vegetation and landscape managements were reservation of groundcover, recovery of artificial injury, the surroundings of camping and temple site. In the park facilities and operation, the major variables related to the satisfaction were conditions of management such amenity facilities as privy, sign board, junk yard, camping site, and guidance of excursion, campaign and preservation of nature.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.156-164
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to bone mineral contents (BMC) at os calcis of adolescents. The subjects were 604 students (327 boys and 277 girls) between 7th and 9th grade in Seoul, Korea. The mean age was 14.2 ${\pm}$ 0.9 years. General characteristics were collected by a questionnaire, bone mineral contents (BMC) were measured in os calcis by Duel Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (PIXI, General Electronics, USA) and height and weight were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis method (Inbody 4.0, Biospace Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea). Mean BMC of os calsis were 2.241 g. Height (p <.0001), weight (p <.0001I), BMC (p <.0001I) ofboys were higher than those of girls. Percent body fat of girls, however, was higher than that of boys (p <.0001). Anthropometric measurement, pocket money, sibling, experience of fracture, pubertal stage, intake of supplements, physical or outdoors activity, and eating habit had significant influence on BMC of boys. Anthropometric measurement, physical or outdoors activity, and eating habit had significant influence on BMC of girls. Multivariate regression with adjustment for sex and age showed that BMC was associated positively with height, BMI, frequency of regular activity, and intake of spinach or radish leaves (all p <0.05), and negatively with percent body fat (p <.0000 and Korean traditional diet pattern (p = 0.01). On the basis of these results, it is recommended to develop nutrition education and physical activity program for adolescents to improve BMC and prevent osteoporosis.