• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.19
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• pp.411-444
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• 2010

This paper explored the academic socialization of a group of Mongolian college students, learning Korean as their L3 (Third Language), by focusing on their uses of an electronic communication channel. From a perspective of the continua of bi-literacy, this case study investigated how Mongolian students who had limited exposure to a Korean learning community overcame academic challenges through the use of a written communication channel as a tool in the socialization process. Data were collected mainly through three methods: written products, interviews, and questionnaires. The results from this study were as follows. Interactional opportunities for these minority students were seriously constrained during the classroom practices in a Korean-speaking classroom. They also described the lack of communicative competence in Korean and the limited roles played by L2 (English) communication as key barriers to classroom practices. However, students' ways of engaging in electronic interactions differed widely in that they were able to broaden interactional circles by communicating their expertise and difficulties with their Korean peers through the electronic channel. More importantly, the communication pattern of "L2-L2/L3-L3" (on a L2-L3 continuum) emerging from data demonstrated how these students used a written channel as a socialization tool to mediate their learning process in a new community of learning. This study argues that a written communication channel should be taken as an essential part of teaching practices especially for foreign students who cannot speak Korean fluently in multi-cultural classes.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.194-204
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• 2004

The purpose of this literature review is to investigate what kinds of research have been done about scientific inquiry in terms of scientific argumentation in the classroom context from the upper elementary to the high school levels. First, science educators argued that there had not been differentiation between authentic scientific inquiry by scientists and school scientific inquiry by students in the classroom. This uncertainty of goals or definition of scientific inquiry has led to the problem or limitation of implementing scientific inquiry in the classroom. It was also pointed out that students' learning science as inquiry has been done without opportunities of argumentation to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed. Second, what is scientific argumentation, then? Researchers stated that scientific inquiry in the classroom cannot be guaranteed only through hands-on experimentation. Students can understand how scientific knowledge is constructed through their reasoning skills using opportunities of argumentation based on their procedural skills using opportunities of experimentation. Third, many researchers emphasized the social practices of small or whole group work for enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills through argumentations. Different role of leadership in groups and existence of teachers' roles are found to have potential in enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills to understand science as inquiry. Fourth, what is scientific reasoning? Scientific reasoning is defined as an ability to differentiate evidence or data from theory and coordinate them to construct their scientific knowledge based on their collection of data (Kuhn, 1989, 1992; Dunbar & Klahr, 1988, 1989; Reif & Larkin, 1991). Those researchers found that students skills in scientific reasoning are different from scientists. Fifth, for the purpose of enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed, other researchers suggested that teachers' roles in scaffolding could help students develop those skills. Based on this literature review, it is important to find what kinds of generalizable teaching strategies teachers use for students scientific reasoning skills through scientific argumentation and investigate teachers' knowledge of scientific argumentation in the context of scientific inquiry. The relationship between teachers' knowledge and their teaching strategies and between teachers teaching strategies and students scientific reasoning skills can be found out if there is any.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.129-149
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• 2020

This study reports the results of analyzing the learning opportunities about the plane figures provided by the first and second grade mathematics textbooks. The plane figures that students learn during this period are important in that it serves as the basis for the later geometric education. With assumptions that mathematics learning is related to the problem of meaning and that meaning-related activity can be viewed as a symbolic activity, it adopts and uses the perspectives and tools of semiotics to analyze the learning opportunities provided by the mathematics textbook. The analysis of the semiotic process of the textbook activities revealed the significance of learning opportunities and helped to distinguish the seemingly similar learning opportunities. Based on the results of the analysis, I discussed the link between learning opportunities provided by grade 1 and grade 2 mathematics textbooks. Finally, the paper concludes with suggestions and conclusions and suggestions for further research.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2020

This study aimed to provide basic data for enhancing the structural relationship among learning motivation, learning confidence, critical thinking skill and problem-solving ability in junior high school students and factors influencing problem-solving ability, by closely examining them. To this end, it investigated the causality among variables, for 390 junior high school students in Gangwondo, based on the outcomes of a questionnaire survey conducted to verify the effectiveness of digital textbooks. Although learning motivation did not have a significant effect on critical thinking skill, learning confidence had a direct effect on it. In addition, learning motivation, learning confidence and critical thinking skill had direct effects on problem-solving ability. In order to enhance problem-solving ability, therefore, We may be necessary to make efforts to support learning capabilities and provide opportunities for them to experience rich learning and resources.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1333-1344
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• 2012

This study aimed to enhance creative problem solving skill by using the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) learning model which was developed based on creative problem solving approach and five essential features of inquiry. The key strategy of the CPS learning model is using real life problem situations to provide students opportunities to practice creative problem solving skill through 5 learning steps: engaging, problem exploring, solutions creating, plan executing, and concepts examining. The science content used for examining the CPS learning model was "matter and properties of matter" that consists of 3 learning units: Matter, Solution, and Acid-Base Solution. The process to assess the effectiveness of the learning model used the experimental design of the Pretest-Posttest Control-Group Design. Seventh grade-students in the experimental group learned by the CPS learning model. At the same time, students at the same grade level in the control group learned by conventional learning model. The learning models and students' prior knowledge levels were served as the independent variables. The creative problem solving skill was classified in to 4 aspects in: fluency, flexibility, originality, and reasoning. The results indicated that in all aspects, the students' mean scores of creative problem solving between students in experimental group and control group were significantly different at the .05 level. Also, the progression of students' creative problem solving skills was found highly progressed at the later instructional periods. When comparing the creative problem solving scores between groups of students with different levels of prior knowledge, the differences of their creative problem solving scores were founded at .05 level. The findings of this study confirmed that the CPS learning model is effective in enhancing the students' creative problem solving skill.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2009

We analyzed $3^{rd}$ graders' images of scientists and science learning students. We chose $3^{rd}$ graders because this is the time when children first encounter formal science learning opportunities. Draw-A-Scientist-Test (DAST) and the revised Draw-A-Scientist-Test Checklist (DAST-C) were used to analyze students' images of scientists, whereas Drawing-A-Science-Learner- and a checklist were used to analyze students' images of science learning students. We found that $3^{rd}$ graders showed common features of scientists who wore laboratory coats but not wearing glasses, goggles or masks and smiling. While most boys drew a male scientist, about a half of girls drew female scientists. Old and weird looking images of scientists that were typically known in other literatures were not found in this study. Science learning students were not wearing lab coasts, glasses, goggles, nor masks. Most of those students were conducting chemistry related experiments, which seemed to be influenced by the $3^{rd}$ grade's science curriculum. We also found relationships among components of images of scientists and science learning students. Although $3^{rd}$ graders' images of scientists and science learning students showed common features, this typical image was not the same as the previous studies have reported. This implies that the images of scientists and science learning students have not yet fixed by $3^{rd}$ grade. Thus, this seems to be a critical time when children start developing images of scientists. Children's direct experiences in the science classroom along with environmental factors such as media exposures can influence their formation of images of scientists and science learning students.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2010

This study was to examine science learning motivation of primary students participating in science museum educational programs. The subject was 36 primary students in the programs in a science museum during a month. The questionnaire for this study consisted of items developed by us and some items from Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire developed by Pintrich et al.(2001). The results included primary students' motivation of joining the programs in a science museum, their perceptions about the programs, and the effects of the programs on their science learning motivation. It seemed that the students had the opportunities of doing science activities in the museum on the recommendation of their family or teachers, especially their parents. And they were motivated to participate the programs with interests of science and they were interested in the activities in the programs. The statistics showed that the program have an positive effects on the students' self efficacies and values on science tasks. Based on this results, discussion and implications were presented.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.44 no.3 s.110
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• pp.397-408
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• 2005

This research developed self-directed teaming program for students who learn mathematics to improve their abilities for learning mathematics. A small-group cooperative teaming model was based on the self-directed loaming program which this research developed. The main target of this program was the second grade students of middle school. The program was consisted with three developing parts. The part 1 of program developing was consisted with analyzing and reconstructing mathematics curriculum, devising small-group cooperative learning program, and structuring teaching and teaming plans. The part 2 included the management of small-group cooperative Loaming and how to use the materials which this research developed. The part 3 provided various cooperative learning opportunities for students to improve their abilities for loaming mathematics.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

Experiential education is a core curriculum of pharmacy education. In experiential education, formative feedback is an integral component of learning and teaching process. Feedback is defined as information provided by a preceptor regarding student's performance based on direct observation. With effective feedback, students can have opportunities to reinforce or correct behaviors and to acquire knowledge or skills. Students highly value and appreciate feedback. They rank provision of effective feedback as one of the most important qualities of preceptors. Preceptors, however, lack an understanding of feedback or practical skills necessary for providing effective feedback. As a result in reality, the feedback provided to students can be differentially effective in improving students' learning. This article describes a theoretical understanding of feedback including definition and value, as well as types of feedback. In addition, practical aspects in providing feedback, such as contents, timing, techniques, and models, are addressed. By understanding the value of feedback and mastering various feedback skills, preceptors will promote students' learning and enhance educational outcomes of experiential education.

• School Mathematics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.109-129
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• 2001

The concern of this paper is to provide learning opportunities to participate in the class of statistics with interest for the students who dislike mathematics and especially find difficulty in understanding statistics. The students were encouraged to arrange data collected in their daily life by the use of spreadsheet program and to interpret the result of data with graphs, so that they could have a great interest in statistics and make steady progress in their voluntary study. The further study to use computers in teaching mathematics should be continued and recommended in the rapid age of information and knowledge-based.