• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.849-856
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• 2017

The ${\beta}$-D-fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26) is an important enzyme from a historical point of view, discovered by French biologist Berthelot in 1860 and was first used to study enzymology. ${\beta}$-D-fructosfuranosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into D-glucose and D-fructose. Four biochemical subgroups of ${\beta}$-D-fructofuranosidase have been investigated in plants. There are vacuolar (soluble acid), cytoplasmic (soluble alkaline), membrane-bound (insoluble alkaline), and cell wall-bound (insoluble acid) ${\beta}$-D-fructofuranosidase by purification. Their biochemical characteristics are distinct. It suggested that those enzymes might be different gene products. The contribution of each of these enzymes to sucrose management in the plant is likely to be correlated with their localization. Common localization in developing cells in tissues from a range of developmental stages and plant parts suggests that all of the isoforms may be closely involved in nutrient transport. The ${\beta}$-D-fructofuranosidases were most commonly found associated with maturing tissues in developing fruits, leaves, and roots. The ${\beta}$-D-fructofuranosidase activity varies in the relationship between growth and expansion through cell division, development of storage organs and tissues, and the relationship of plant defense responses. It is necessary to summarize more researches in order to know the definite physiological function.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.779-793
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• 1998

In this study, for the purpose of water supply planning, we propose a sophisticated multi-period mixed integer programming model that can coordinate the behavior of multi-reservoir operation, minimizing unnecessary spill. It can simulate the system with operating rules which are self- generated by the optimization engine in the algorithm. It is an optimization model in structure, but it indeed simulates the coordinating behavior of multi-reservoir operation. It minimizes the water shortfalls in demand requirements, maintaining flood reserve volume, minimizing unnecessary spill, maximizing hydropower generation release, keeping water storage levels high for efficient hydroelectric turbine operation. This optimization model is a large scale mixed integer programming problem that consists of 3.920 integer variables and 68.658 by 132.384 node-arc incidence matrix for 28 years of data. In order to handle the enormous amount of data generated by a big mathematical model, the utilization of DBMS (data base management system)seems to be inevitable. It has been tested with the Han River multi-reservoir system in Korea, which consists of 2 large multipurpose dams and 3 hydroelectric dams. We demonstrated successfully that there is a good chance of saving substantial amount of water should it be put to use in real time with a good inflow forecasting system.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2012

A major concern regarding the collection and storage of biodiversity information is the inefficiency of conventional taxonomic approaches in dealing with a large number of species. This inefficiency has increased the demand for automated, rapid, and reliable molecular identification systems and large-scale biological databases. DNA-based taxonomic approaches are now arguably a necessity in biodiversity studies. In particular, DNA barcoding using short DNA sequences provides an effective molecular tool for species identification. We constructed a large-scale database system that holds a collection of 5531 barcode sequences from 2429 Korean species. The Korea Barcode of Life database (KBOL, http://koreabarcode.org) is a web-based database system that is used for compiling a high volume of DNA barcode data and identifying unknown biological specimens. With the KBOL system, users can not only link DNA barcodes and biological information but can also undertake conservation activities, including environmental management, monitoring, and detecting significant organisms.

• Plant Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2014

The national capacity of electricity of Korea was 81,737 MW and the peak demand was renewed by the record of 71,230 MW in 2012 which has been increasing since the first lighting ceremony had taken place in the Royal Palace(Kyung-Bok Goong) in 1887. Aa the counteract on the rapid increasing of the demand, Korean government is constructing and operating the high capacity nuclear and thermal power plants, however, the operating reserve on weekdays is small while those of weekends are more than 40% of capacity, so they are providing the pumped-storage power plants with the surplus electricity during weekends and operating the power plants which cost higher production price and located in the capital area with WSS (Weekly Start and Stop) mode including the Seoul Thermal Power Plant. Since the Seoul Thermal Power Plant is spending huge amount of expenses for more than 30 times of the WSS annually due to the high production cost even though it is in Seoul, the core of the demand, I chose the power plant unit #5 which was on the grid in 1969 for the case to confirm reducing 23% of the warm start-up time by applying the "Start-up time management program", and that reducing 35% of the water temperature increasing time by accelerate the increasing rate of the inlet temperature of the water circulating pump.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.476-491
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated consumers' perception of food safety and risk from foodborne illness and consumption pattern of meat and processed meat products in Korea. Methods: A quantitative survey was performed by trained interviewers, surveying 1,500 adults who were randomly selected from six major provinces in Korea. Results: Most of the respondents reported foodborne illness risk related to the consumption of raw meat but not related to heated meat and processed meat products. As respondents perceived the risk of food poisoning from raw meat, the purchase and intake decreased (p<0.001). Most of the respondents considered a low possibility of foodborne illness at home. Seventy-seven percent of the respondents thought that bacteria and virus are the main causes of foodborne illness. Improper storage practice (40.7%) and unsafe food material (29.3%) were the main risk factors contributing to foodborne illness. Perception and practice of food safety was significantly different by the residency area. The most preferred meat, processed meat, and processed ground meat products were pork (58%), ham (31.1%), and pork cutlet (40.4%), respectively. The most preferred cooking method was roasting, regardless of the type of meat, but the second preference for cooking method was significantly affected by the type of meat (p<0.001): stir-fried pork, beef with seasoning, fried-chicken and boiled duck. Frequency of eating out was 0.75/day on weekdays and 0.78/day on weekends at the mainly Korean BBQ restaurant. Conclusion: The results of this study could be used to develop science-based education materials for consumer and the specific guideline of risk management of meat and processed meat products.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.11-22
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• 2014

The buffer capacity of food waste lowers during the collecting and transportation period. Food waste usually shows deficiency of micro nutrients especially molybdenum(Mo) and cobalt(Co). Therefore, food waste can be considered as a good mixture of livestock waste to enhance methane production. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between properties of substrates (local food waste and livestock manure) and methane yields for successive anaerobic fermentation process and its stable management. Food wastes were taken at an intermediate storage or treatment system provided by eight local authorities (Gangnam, Gangdong, Gwanak, Guro, Dongjak, Songpa, Yeongdeungpo, and Younsan) in Seoul. The solid content and potential methane yield of food wastes were average of 16% and $446.6STP-m{\ell}/g-VS$ (range from 334.8 to $567.5STP-m{\ell}/g-VS$) respectively. As for the beef cattle manure, the solid content and potential methane yield had an average of 26% and $280.6STP-m{\ell}/g-VS$ respectively. Potential methane yield had a positive correlation with fat content, and hydrogen content and a negative correlation with carbohydrate content ($r^2&gt;0.8$). Therefore, the potential methane yield can be predicted based on the substrate characterization results with reasonable accuracy. Further research may be needed to investigate the relation of the properties of the mixture substrate and methane production rate. The mixtures may include food waste, livestock waste, and bulking agents (saw dust, rice hull, or agricultural byproducts etc.) to determine best combination of these substrates for maximum methane production rate.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2007

The information on flowpath, storage, residence time, and interactions of water and carbon transport in a catchment is the prerequisite to the understanding and predicting of water and carbon cycling in the mountainous landscapes of Korea. In this paper, along with some up-to-date results, we present the principal methods that are currently used in HydroKorea and CarboKorea research to obtain such information. Various catchment hydrological processes have been examined on the basis of the water table fluctuations, the end-member mixing model, the cross correlation analysis, and cosmogenic radioactive isotope activity. In the Gwangneung catchment, the contribution of surface discharge was relatively large, and the changes in the amount, intensity and patterns of precipitation affected both the flowpath and the mean residence time of water. Particularly during the summer monsoon, changes in precipitation patterns and hydrological processes in the catchment influenced the carbon cycle such that the persistent precipitation increased the discharge of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrated in the surface soil layer. The improved understanding of the hydrological processes presented in this report will enable a more realistic assessment of the effects of climate changes on the water resource management and on the carbon cycling in forest catchments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2015

This study was carried out for the purpose of minimizing the area of rapid flow inside the water tank. And the shape of incurrent canal was improved, and then the characteristics of fluid flow occurring inside the water tank was analyzed by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation method. better multiple hoe screw nozzle incurrent canal was used instead of conventional drop current canal used for the water tank. And according to the results of analyzing the characteristics of fluid flow, in case a screw blade was installed inside the nozzle, fluid flow was sprayed wide. And wide fluid flow was shown inside the cylindrical water tank too. Besides, a tracer simulation was carried out, in case of installing 1 and 2 multiple hoe screw nozzle incurrent canals at the cubic water tank. As a result, MODAL, MODAL index value was close to 1, in case of installing 2 canals. Therefore, it was possible to obtain the results of being close to the characteristics of plug flow.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.169-178
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• 2018

Gyeongin Port has low awareness, insufficient hinterland infrastructures, and lower competitiveness. So, in this study, we conducted Fuzzy-IPA analysis reflecting the recognition of the consignor companies that are using Gyeongin port to suggest present practical improvement measures for the activation of the operation of Gyeongin port hereafter. As a result of the analysis, three factors, that is, cargo loading/unloading/storage costs, port facility fees, and incentive and support were derived as priority investment areas. Three factors, that is, cargo safety, infrastructure equipment, and inland transportation costs were derived as the areas for maintenance strengthening and factors related to cargo handling and service factors were derived as areas for maintenance of the status quo and areas for gradual improvement, respectively. This study is significant in that it analyzed the recognition of the consignor companies that are using Gyeongin port using a quantifying method and suggested realizable measures for activation based on the results of the analysis. In future studies, the frequency of ships' calling at the port and measures to diversify the sea routes should be additionally reflected on the analysis.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-52
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• 2011

A predictable and manageable output is desirable for most businesses. However, it is very difficult to control the quality and quantity of products in the food and agriculture business. Predictable outputs help managers plan their marketing, sales, and inbound and outbound logistics, but these are not easy to achieve in the food and agriculture business. Various industries have adopted different levels of automation and utilization of information systems for quality/quantity control; however e-Commerce of the food and agriculture industry is far behind those of other industries. Today, the food and agriculture industry is supposed to be more integrated than ever in order to reduce risks and improve processing costs, from farm to table. Since its operations including production, processing, storage, distribution, and management are dispersed all over the world, the food and agricultural industries now depend more on IT than other industries. This study attempts to develop a framework to analyze the current situation of agricultural product e-Commerce in Korea, and finds out the actual situation of the farmers operating on-line shopping systems through the developed framework and suggests some improvements.