• Animal cells and systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2008

Structure and mucosubstance histochemistry in the epidermis of five teleostean species, i. e., spotty belly, Agrammus agrammus, devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus, stone fish, Erosa erosa, cubed snailfish, Liparis tessellatus, and Japanese bluefish, Scombrops boops were investigated. The epidermis of five species studied is composed of three layers: superficial, middle, and basal layer. The superficial layer is comprised of rather flattened cells. Mucous cells, the type commonly found in fishes are completely lacking in the epidermis of devil stinger, stone fish, and cubed snailfish. The epidermis of devil stinger and stone fish have multicellular glands which do not have mucosubstances. The skin surface of them is covered with mucous layer. The superficial cells in the epidermis of devil stinger, stone fish, and cubed snailfish are mucus-secreting cells. The composition and the amount of the mucosubstances vary in species and body regions. The mucous layer on the skin surface and superficial epidermal cells of devil stinger contain a mixture of neutral and acidic(sulfated and nonsulfated) mucosubstances. In stone fish, the mucous layer has acidic(sulfated and non-sulfated) mucin and the superficial epidermal cells contain neutral mucin. In cubed snailfish, the type of epidermal mucosubstances is identified as a mixture of neutral and acidic(non-sulfated) mucin. The mucous cells of the epidermis in spotty belly and Japanese bluefish contain neutral mucin.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.507-534
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• 2015

The present work investigates the behavior of the embankment models resting on soft soil reinforced with ordinary and stone columns encased with geogrid. Model tests were performed with different spacing distances between stone columns and two lengths to diameter ratios (L/d) of the stone columns, in addition to different embankment heights. A total number of 42 model tests were carried out on a soil with undrianed shear strength $${\sim_\sim}10kPa$$. The models consist of stone columns embankment at s/d equal to 2.5, 3 and 4 with L/d ratio equal 5 and 8. Three embankment heights; 200 mm, 250 mm and 300 mm were tested for both tests of ordinary (OSC) and geogrid encased stone columns (ESC). Three earth pressure cells were used to measure directly the vertical effective stress on column at the top of the middle stone column under the center line of embankment and on the edge stone column for all models while the third cell was placed at the base of embankment between two columns to measure the vertical effective stress in soft soil directly. The performance of stone columns embankments relies upon the ability of the granular embankment material to arch over the 'gaps' between the stone columns spacing. The results showed that the ratio of the embankment height to the clear spacing between columns (h/s-d) is a key parameter. It is found that (h/s-d)<1.2 and 1.4 for OSC and ESC, respectively; (h is the embankment height, s is the spacing between columns and d is the diameter of stone columns), no effect of arching is pronounced, the settlement at the surface of the embankment is very large, and the stress acting on the subsoil is virtually unmodified from the nominal overburden stress. When $(h/s-d){\geq}2.2$ for OSC and ESC respectively, full arching will occur and minimum stress on subsoil between stone columns will act, so the range of critical embankment height will be 1.2 (h/sd) to 2.2 (h/s-d) for both OSC and ESC models.

• ALGAE
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.295-298
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• 2005

The growth of subaerial microalgae on historic buildings or various cultural properties causes discoloration and physico-chemical deterioration of the surfaces. We collected a subaerial chlorophyte, Chlorella sp., from the stone Standing Buddha statue at Jungwon Miruksazi, which is a national treasure of Korea, and found dormant, thickwalled spores with regular pentagonal ornamentation along with the vegetative Chlorella cells. The morphology of Chlorella resting spores was compared to that of the other green algal resting cells. The ornamented spores and smooth-walled vegetative cells revived in 2 weeks in a liquid freshwater medium and started reproduction by autospores. To our knowledge, the ability of Chlorella to form ornamented dormant spores in drought condition was not previously recorded. The ornamentation of spores would supplement taxonomic characteristics of this genus.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2015

Objectives : The root ofCyanchum wifordii(CW) had been used as herbal medicine, 'Baeksuo', in Korea. However, the root ofCynanchum auriculatum(CA) had also been mis-used as 'Baeksuo' in herbal markets, due to its morphological similarity with CW. This study aimed to compare discriminative features and establish the identification-keys between two herbal medicines using microscopic methods.Methods : Microscopic preparations including fixation, rapid dehydration, paraffin infiltration, paraffin embedding, sectioning, mounting, and staining, were performed and the microscopic features between CW and CA samples were compared.Results : The starch grain of parenchymal cells, the amounts of calcium oxalate crystals, cell sizes, and the shape of phloem were not different between CW and CA samples. However, the clusters of stone cells which were conglomerated at outer cortex were apparently observed in CA sample (4~8 layers of stone cells), but not in CW sample (2~4 layers of stone cells, or not). Xylem of CW consisted of several vessels and fiber bundles which were formed as linear shapes and discontinuous radial lines, while that of CA, in which radial lines was not observed, were shaped as a wedge and scattered near cambium with comparatively few fiber bundles enclosed vessels. Especially, in the xylem of CA, fiber bundles located towards cambium were relatively more developed than those located outward cambium.Conclusions : The identification-keys established in this study would be helpful to discriminate microscopic features between CW and CA.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2001

돌가자미의 피부 상피층을 다층상피층으로 지지세포, 선세포 그리고 과립세포들로 구성된다. 상피층은 지지세포의 형태와 구조에 따라 표면층, 중간층 및 기저층으로 구분 할 수 있었다. 지지세포들의 세포질은 피질부와 수질부로 나누어지는데 피질부에는 미세섬유의 발달이 뚜렷하다. 점액세포들은 단세포선으로 상피의 표면층과 중간층에서 관찰된다. 점액세포의 점액물질은 중성이며, carboxylated mucosubstance의 당단백 질로 확인되었다. 곤봉상세포는 세포질에 잘 발달된 활면소포체와 골지체를 가진다. 과립세포는 주로 중간층과 기저층에 존재하고, 세포질은 막을 가진 전자밀도가 높은 과립들이 차지한다. 색소세포는 세포질에 존재하는 함유물의 전자밀도에 따라 세 종류로 구분할 수 있었으며, 색소세포 근처에서 신경종말을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

The importance of microbial activity in the alteration and deterioration of stone and concrete walls has been frequently neglected. Organisms present on stone monuments can include photolithoautotrophs, such as algae, cyanobacteria, mosses, and higher plants. Because of their ability to survive repeated drying and rehydration cycles and high UV levels, the cyanobacteria are particularly important on exposed surfaces. The cyanobactria distributed on the surface of the stone cultural heritages in Gwanschoksa, Nonsan city were investigated. Chlorococcus sp. Aanabaena sp. Gloeocapsa sp Lyngbya sp. Stigomena sp. Synechocystis sp were identified. Haplaosiphon fontinalis and Stigonema turfaceum, which were not recoded is Korea, were also identified. Cells often have thick pigmented sheath in dry, sun-exposed environment and shorter filament, which can be different than that in aquatic systems. Special attention should be paid to production of an adequate DNA database in order to accelerate the rate at which information on the species present in biofilms become available.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 현재 재배되고 있는 복숭아 품종 중 미황, 가납암백도 및 천홍의 핵과 종자를 이용하여 항산화 및 항염증 활성에 관한 연구를 하였다. 총 phenol 및 flavonoid 함량은 3품종 모두 종자에 비해 핵에서 월등히 높았으며, 품종간에는 천홍의 핵에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH radical 소거능과 FRAP 및 CUPRAC에 의한 항산화 활성은 3품종 모두 종자에 비해 핵에서 활성이 높았고, DPPH radical 소거활성은 가납암백도와 천홍, FRAP 활성은 천홍, CUPRAC 활성은 가납암백도에서 유의성 있게 높았다. NO 생성 억제 효과는 RAW 264.7 세포의 경우 핵 추출물에서 가납암백도 74%, 미황 70%, 천홍 58%이며, BV2 세포의 경우 미황 90%, 가납암백도 78%, 천홍 65%로 각각 염증 반응을 감소시켰다. 복숭아 3품종 핵과 종자의 총 phenol 함량과 총 flavonoid 함량은 높은 상관 관계를 나타내었고, 항산화 활성간의 상관성은 모두 유의적인 관계가 확인되었으나, 항염 활성과 항산화 활성, 항염 활성과 총 phenol 및 flavonoid 함량간은 낮은 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2000

정상 흰쥐 유선상피세포 및 DMBA로 유도안 흰쥐 유선암세포를 in vitro 상태에서 배양시키며 이들의 성장과 증식에 대한 홍삼 사포닌(조사포닌, 총사포닌, Rbl, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rhl, Rtl2)의 영향을 관찰하였다. 홍삼 사포닌들의 세포 배양중 발생하는 4종의 세포집락의 형태(cobble stone, spindle, honey comb, senescence)에 영향을 미쳤다. 배양한 세포집락에 lucifer yellow용액을 이용하여 SLDT결과 홍삼 사포닌을 첨가하고 배양한 세포군에서 배양 2주째 세포 간극을 통한 세포간 정보전달체계가 양성을 나타내었다. 이것으로 홍삼사포닌이 분화가 덜된 상피 간세포의 분화를 촉진시켜 분화의 지표 중 하나인 세포체포신호전달을 유도한 것으로 사료된다. 그리고 정상 유선 및 유선암 미세절편들을 Matrigel에 배양한 결과 분화의 종 지표인 수종의 다세포구조물이 생성됨을 확인하였는데 정상 조직과 유선암세포로부터 생성된 구조물 ductal, webbed, stellate, squamous colony들of 생성되었는데 유선암세포로부터는 alveloar unit, foamy alveolar nit, squmaous, lobule-ductal, stellate, webbed colony들이 생성되어 다소 상이함을 확인하였다. 그러나 홍삼사포닌을 첨가하여 배양하였을 때 수종의 다세포 구조물 발생 빈도가 변하는 것으로 미루어 보아 홍삼 사포닌이 이들 다세포 구조물의 발생에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다. 편평상피암의 전암병소라 일컬어지는 편평상피화생의 경우홍삼 사포닌의 존재 하에 이들의 생성이 억제되고 분화가된 ductal colony들의 수가 증가된 것으로 보아 암예방 효과의 기전을 이해하는데 중요한 단서를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.287-291
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• 2004

The growth inhibitory effect of germanium, or soybean sprouts cultured with germanium, on cancer cells was determined in the cultured gastric cancer cell line, AGS. The growth of AGS was significantly inhibited by the addition of 0.01-1％ organic germanium (Ge-132) and germanium stone powder in MTT cytotoxicity assays. The juice from germanium treated soybean sprouts (GTS) inhibited the growth of AGS gastric cancer cells by 78-88％ at concentrations of 2.5 or 5${\mu}\ell$. The juice from Seomoktae GTS revealed an especially higher growth inhibitory effect than that from the control soybean sprouts (germanium non-treated soybean sprouts, GNTS) in AGS. The results suggest that soybean sprouts cultured with germanium may exert an anticancer effect against gastric cancer cells.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.115-115
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• 2019

Arctium minus (AM), commonly known as lesser burdock, is a dried fruit (seed) of Aructium lappa L. that belong to Asteraceae. It has been used traditionally as herbal medicine because of its anti-inflammatory effects, and it has been applied to treat various diseases like allergies, skin aging, hyperlipidemia and urinary stone. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of AM on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pre-treatment of the RAW 264.7 cells with AM considerably inhibited and reduced production of Nitric Oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and also shows suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) translocation. In addition, AM treatment considerably reduced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our results indicate that the AM has potential to inhibit inflammation through suppressing production of inflammatory mediators via both the NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPK signaling pathway. We therefore suggest that AM might be effective therapeutics for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.