• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.736-741
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• 2007

Low level laser therapy has various therapy effects, This paper performed the basic study for fabricating the low level laser therapy apparatus, and one of the goals of this paper was to make this apparatus used handily. The apparatus has been fabricated using the laser diode and microprocessor unit. The apparatus used a 660nm, 785nm and 850nm laser diode for laser medical therapy and was designed for a pulse width modulation type to increase stimulation effects. To raise the stimulus effect of the human body, the optical irradiation frequency could be set up. In result, the $1{\sim}10\;Hz$ irradiation frequency could be controlled stably.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of placebo(emotional stimulus) on physical fitness and psychological wellbeing. The subjects for the study were devided into two groups. One experimental group received placebo and the other control group did not receive. Each group was composed of 15 women. The subjects continued aerobic exercise for an hour each time, three times a week, for eight weeks. The enhancement of physical fitness has been evaluated by body weight, BP, pulse rate, skinfold thickness, circumference of waist and hip, body fat, % body fat, lean body mass, % lean body mass they were measured three times every 4 weeks. Also to evaluate the enhancement of psychological wellbeing, the self-esteem and self-perception were measured. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. The % body fat of experimental group decreased significantly than that of control group(p<0.1). 2. The % lean body mass of experimental group decreased significantly than that of control group(p<0.1). 3. There was no significant difference of other physical fitness factors between experimental group and control group. 4. There was no significant difference of self-esteem between experimental group and control group. 5. There was no significant difference of self-perception between experimental group and control group. From these results, it may be concluded that placebo(emotional stimulus) which received during aerobic exercise period is partially effective in the enhancement of the physical fitness.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.465-473
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• 2005

냉온자극 또는 잇솔질에 불편감을 호소하는 치과 외래 환자를 72명을 대상으로 레이저 조사를 시행한 실험군(45명)과 모의 레이저 조사를 시행한 대조군(27명)으로 나누어 지각 과민 치아의 치경부에 냉자극 및 기계적 자극을 가하여 대상자가 느끼는 불편감을 NPS로 평가하였다. 치아의 통증역치 평가를 위하여 전기치수검사기(EPT)를 사용하였다. 각 치아에 대한 레이저 조사에는 pulsed Nd:YAG 레이저를 사용하였고 조사조건은 1.5W, 20Hz, 75mJ/pulse으로 4분간 비접촉식으로 시행하였다. 대상자의 반응을 레이저 조사 전과 직후, 1주 이내, 2주 이내 각각 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 지각 과민 치아에 대한 Nd:YAG 레이저 조사는 지각 과민을 완화시켜 주었으며 대조군에 비해 그 효과가 현저하였다. 2. 심한 지각 과민을 호소하는 치아에 대한 위약 효과는 존재하였으나 중등도의 지각 과민을 호소하는 치아에 대한 위약효과는 배제할 수 있었다. 3. 지각 과민 치아에 대한 Nd:YAG 레이저 조사는 전기치수검사에 의한 통증역치에 영향을 주지 않았다. 4. 지각 과민 치아에 대한 Nd:YAG 레이저 조사의 효과는 최소 2주는 지속되었다. 따라서 지각 과민 치아에 대한 치료법의 하나로 Nd:YAG 레이저 조사가 임상적으로 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2012

뜸은 질병에 대한 면역력을 높이고 질병을 치유하는데 효과적인 반면 뜸의 열 자극 세기를 조절하기 힘들어 피부에 고통을 유발시키며 화상을 입히는 부작용이 발생된다. 이런 한계점을 극복하기 위해 자극 조절이 가능한 고주파 열 자극 시스템을 개발하였으며, 동물에게 뜸질을 할 경우 얻어지는 온도분포와 유사한 자극 프로토콜을 개발하였다. 자극을 위한 시스템은 2MHz, 200W의 고주파유전가열장치, 절연프로브, 절연플레이트, 음압 발생부 및 온도측정부로 구성되어있다. 자극 프로토콜 설계를 위해서 일차적으로 토끼의 대퇴부에 뜸질시 표피, 피하 5mm와 피하10mm에서 온도분포를 획득하였다. 획득된 뜸질의 온도분포와 유사한 온도분포로 자극하기 위해서 자극펄스의 duty ratio와 반복회수 및 출력을 제어하였다. 뜸질과 고주파 자극시 피하의 온도분포를 비교해본 결과 피하 5mm와 10mm 부위에서의 상관관계는 각각 95%와 91%로 일치함을 보여주었다. 또한, 고주파 자극시 표피에서의 온도분포는 뜸에 비해 현저하게 낮게 나옴을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 고주파 열 자극 시스템은 뜸질의 문제점인 화농, 물집과 같은 부작용을 유발시키지 않으면서 피하에 뜸질과 유사한 열 자극이 가능함을 보여주었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.482-485
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 쥐 뇌의 감각 피질을 자극하기 위해 변조신호를 이용하여 경두개 자기자극(TMS) 동물실험을 수행하였다. 제안한 TMS 시스템은 인버터, 변압기, 커패시터, 가변 인덕터, 자극 코일로 구성되어 쥐 뇌의 감각피질에 약 1.5 mT의 자기장이 생기도록 시스템을 설계하였다. 자극 신호는 구형파 변조되었으며, 반송 주파수는 85~91 kHz의 범위로 변화시키며, 자극 효과를 관찰하였다. 자극 결과 반송 주파수가 89 kHz 미만일 때에는 자극의 효과를 볼 수 없었고, 반송 주파수가 89 kHz 이상일 때에는 압력 자극에 반응하는 역치 값이 낮아지는 효과를 볼 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.149-173
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• 2004

Objective & Methods : In the point of several medical books included 'Internal Classic' and Hyungsang medicine, the writer studied about meridian theory and it's disorders, after adapting to acupuncture and herb medicine. Results : 1. Dr. Jisan explained concretely physiological and pathological meridian appearances with using metaphor about phenomenons of nature and human living. 2. Shapes corresponding to meridian are considered as Yukkyunghyung formed by more or less of vigor and blood, and by tendency of up and down in eyes and nose, and also contained diseases of viscera and characters. 3. The colors connected with meridian are changed according to conditions, and meridian is seen through colors. And then colors is the properties of vital energy and symbol of spirit, that is expressed as aspect of essence, vigor, spirit and blood, as the original color of five viscera, as the colors of four seasons and as the colors of diseases. So the changes of feelings are appeared to meridian flow. 4. The method of examining pulse for meridian disorders is applied to Jisan diagram. Jisan diagram is devised from mutual communication of viscera and connection with inside and outside. It is conjugated widely in clinical examination to be distinguished into Dam-Bangkwang, into diseased part of viscera and into meridian. Also it is conjugated recuperation of diseases. 5. The meridian diseases are appeared all the distributed parts of meridian, especially skin, hair, eyebrow, and the ends of the extremities which are sensitive to stimulus. The causes are the disharmony between vital energy and blood and the discordance of six atmospheric variation. The symptoms are skinny aches, itching and eruption, etc. Conclusions : The acupuncture of Hyungsang medicine which utilizes classification of shapes, examining pulse according to Jisan diagram and demonstration of symptoms, is very effective and required systematical study from now on.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.431-435
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• 2009

The apparatus has been fabricated using the laser diode and microprocessor unit. The apparatus used a InGaAlP laser diode for laser medical therapy and was designed for a pulse width modulation type to increase stimulation effects. To raise the stimulus effect of the human body, the optical irradiation frequency could be set up. The study has executed in-vivo experiment by employing our own developed laser diode irradiation system to investigate the effects of the InGaAlP laser diode irradiation on the wound healing as a preliminary study aimed at the application of InGaAlP laser diode to wound healing of human skin injury. The study cut out whole skin layers of Sprague-Dawley rat on the back part in 1 cm circle and observed developing effects after executing light irradiation for 9 days, and in result it is found that the light irradiation rat showed earlier wound healing than non-irradiation rat during the experimental period. In addition, there are some differences found regarding the healing process between laser diode irradiated rats and non-irradiated ones.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2021

The tourism industry is influenced by a large number of factors that affect the development scenarios of the tourism in different ways. At the same time, tourism is an important component of the national economy of any state, forms its image, investment attractiveness, is a source of income and a stimulus for business development. The aim of the article is to conduct an empirical study to identify the importance of cognitive determinants in the development of tourism. The study used general and special methods: systems analysis, synthesis, grouping, systematization, cognitive modeling, cognitive map, pulse method, predictive extrapolation. Target factors, indicators, and control factors influencing the development of tourism in Ukraine are determined and a cognitive model is built, which graphically reflects the nature of the influence of these factors. Four main scenarios of the Ukrainian tourism industry are established on the basis of creating a matrix of adjacency of an oriented graph and forecast modeling based on a scenario approach. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their use to forecast the prospects of tourism development in Ukraine, the definition of state policy to support the industry that will promote international and domestic tourism.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.73-76
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• 2010

A two-facet approach was used to investigate the parametric performance of functional high-speed DDR3 (Double Data Rate) DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) die placed in different types of BGA (Ball Grid Array) packages: wire-bonded BGA (FBGA, Fine Ball Grid Array), flip-chip (FCBGA) and lead-bonded $microBGA^{(R)}$. In the first section, packaged live DDR3 die were tested using automatic test equipment using high-resolution shmoo plots. It was found that the best timing and voltage margin was obtained using the lead-bonded microBGA, followed by the wire-bonded FBGA with the FCBGA exhibiting the worst performance of the three types tested. In particular the flip-chip packaged devices exhibited reduced operating voltage margin. In the second part of this work a test system was designed and constructed to mimic the electrical environment of the data bus in a PC's CPU-Memory subsystem that used a single DIMM (Dual In Line Memory Module) socket in point-to-point and point-to-two-point configurations. The emulation system was used to examine signal integrity for system-level operation at speeds in excess of 6 Gb/pin/sec in order to assess the frequency extensibility of the signal-carrying path of the microBGA considered for future high-speed DRAM packaging. The analyzed signal path was driven from either end of the data bus by a GaAs laser driver capable of operation beyond 10 GHz. Eye diagrams were measured using a high speed sampling oscilloscope with a pulse generator providing a pseudo-random bit sequence stimulus for the laser drivers. The memory controller was emulated using a circuit implemented on a BGA interposer employing the laser driver while the active DRAM was modeled using the same type of laser driver mounted to the DIMM module. A custom silicon loading die was designed and fabricated and placed into the microBGA packages that were attached to an instrumented DIMM module. It was found that 6.6 Gb/sec/pin operation appears feasible in both point to point and point to two point configurations when the input capacitance is limited to 2pF.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2010

Hypertension is the chronic disease that the 16% of total population are suffering, and it needs to be studied to find alternative treatment because of the tolerance and side effect of medications that may bother some patients. in this paper, we verified practicality of implantable electrical stimulator that can readily change stimulus magnitude and frequency. And this device is possible to stimulate baroreflex or parasympathetic nerve. Therefore we performed in vitro tests and animal experiment for device's operating conditions. This device consist of implantable electrical stimulator and extracorporeal control/monitoring system. Stimulator was designed to make 1Hz~100Hz pulses and it can change continuous or periodic pulse train type. And this device can control stimulator's function and monitor stimulator's status and patients' blood pressure at exterior of body using ZigBee module as wireless telecommunication. We verified that stimulator have error rate under 5% at 50mm depth of organs and, stimulator makes high-efficiency energy with closer position of two electrodes. Also we can confirm the performance of device that decreasing blood pressure and heart rate of a rat by electrical stimulation.