• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.341-351
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• 2022

During bolted flange assembly, the contact stiffness of some areas of the joint surface may be low due to the elastic interaction. In order to improve the contact stiffness at the lowest position of bolted flange, the correlation model between the initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange is established in this paper. According to the stress distribution model of a single bolt, an assumption of uniform local contact stiffness of bolted flange is made. Moreover, the joint surface is divided into the compressive stress region and the elastic interaction region. Based on the fractal contact theory, the relationship model of contact stiffness and contact force of the joint surface is proposed. Considering the elastic interaction coefficient method, the correlation model of the initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange is established. This model can be employed to reverse determine the tightening strategy of the bolt group according to working conditions. As a result, this provides a new idea for the digital design of tightening strategy of bolt group for contact stiffness of bolted flange. The tightening strategy of the bolted flange is optimized by using the correlation model of initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange. After optimization, the average contact stiffness of the joint surface increased by 5%, and the minimum contact stiffness increased by 6%.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.219-228
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• 1996

힌지가 발생하는 철근콘크리트 골조구조물의 비선형해석시에 부재강성값을 사용하는 새로운 방법에 대한 연구이다. 본 연구에서는 부재의 비선형상태에서 힌지영역의 접선강성을 평가하고 효율적으로 이용하는 방법을 제시하였다. 비선형응답을 얻기위해 고유벡터를 이용하는 해석법은 비선형범위에서 시각증분에 따라 강성이 변하고 따라서 고유벡터군도 그 변하는 수만큼 재산정 하여야 하기 때문에 일반적인 해석방법이 아니다. 그러나 부재의 비선형상태를 나타내는 강성값, 즉 고유벡터의 산정횟수를 줄이며 산정된 기존값을 적절하게 재사용하여 해석의 효율성을 입증하였다. 지진하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 골조구조물의 비선형 해석의 경제성은 고유벡터의 산정횟수에 의존되기 때문에 고유벡터의 산정횟수를 감소시키며 신뢰성있는 응답을 구하여 본 해석법의 효율성을 입증하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1244-1248
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• 2009

Although rubber components are extensively used in mechanic parts. There are still a lot of difficulties in designing the rubber components applied in complex shapes and preloaded states because of the complicated material properties. One of the most important parameters for more detailed and accurate mechanical analysis during the development stages is the dynamic characteristics of the rubber components. It is well known that the dynamic properties of rubber are dependent on frequency as well as static preload. Consequently, a large number of experiments have to be conducted to identify the dynamic stiffness of a rubber bush considering the various applied conditions. In this paper, an efficient experimental method is suggested, which estimates the dynamic stiffness of a rubber bush using rubber material test and static stiffness of the bush. This method is capable of predicting the dynamic stiffness of a rubber bush under various load conditions from minimized test data.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.158-167
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• 2008

The quality control of compacted fills has been carried out by evaluating relative densities and coefficients of soil reaction. These measures have several limitations regarding repeatability and reliability of field measurements, and difficulties to use in the fills including large grain size as gravels and boulders. Also, the density is not directly related to the design parameter such as resilient modulus. A preliminary investigation for the usage of the stiffness as a control measure has been carried out. In the laboratory, the stiffness (P-wave velocity) was measured during compaction tests. The stiffness at the optimal moisture content was proposed to use a target control parameter likewise maximum dry density. A field method to match the target stiffness was also proposed by considering easiness of the method and availability of equipment. The most phenomenal feature of the method is that the control parameter (stiffness) is closely related to resilient modulus and can be consistently used from the design stage to the field control during construction.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.681-697
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• 2019

This paper numerically assesses the initial stiffness and moment capacity of stainless steel composite bolted joints with concrete-filled circular tubular (CFCT) columns. By comparing with existing design codes including EN 1993-1-8 and AS/NZS 2327, a modified component method was proposed to better predict the flexural performance of joints involving circular columns and curved endplates. The modification was verified with independent experimental results. A wide range of finite element models were then developed to investigate the elastic deformations of column face in bending which contribute to the corresponding stiffness coefficient. A new design formula defining the stiffness coefficient of circular column face in bending was proposed through regression analysis. Results suggest that a factor for the stiffness coefficient of endplate in bending should be reduced to 0.68, and more contribution of prying forces needs to be considered. The modified component method and proposed formula are able to estimate the structural behaviour with reasonable accuracy. They are expected to be incorporated into the current design provisions as supplementary for beam-to-CFCT column joints.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.525-526
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• 2010

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2017

The paper presents the simplified matrix stiffness method for analysis of composite and prestressed beams. The method is based on the previously developed "exact" analysis method that uses the mathematical theory of linear integral operators to derive all relations without any mathematical simplifications besides inevitable idealizations related to the material rheological properties. However, the method is limited since the closed-form solution can be found only for specific forms of the concrete creep function. In this paper, the authors proposed the simplified analysis method by introducing the assumption that the unknown deformations change linearly with the concrete creep function. Adopting this assumption, the nonhomogeneous integral system of equations of the "exact" method simplifies to the system of algebraic equations that can be easily solved. Therefore, the proposed method is more suitable for practical applications. Its high level of accuracy in comparison to the "exact" method is preserved, which is illustrated on the numerical example. Also, it is more accurate than the well-known EM method.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.674-684
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• 2002

In order to decrease remarkably the computation time and storage used in the direct integration method without the loss of accuracy, authors suggest a new transient analysis algorithm. This algorithm is derived from the combination of three techniques, that is, the transfer technique of the transfer stiffness coefficient method, the modeling technique of the finite element method, and the numerical integration technique of the Newmark method. In this paper, the transient analysis algorithm of a frame structure is formulated by the proposed method. The accuracy and computation efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated through the comparing with the computation results by the direct integration method for three computation models under various excitations.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.29-42
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• 1999

비파괴적, 비관입적으로 지반 및 구조물의 전단강성 구조를 파악할 수 있는 SASW 기법은 여러 토목분야에서 성공적으로 적용이 되어왔다. 그러나 SASW 기법은 그 기법상의 제약으로 인해 실험이 행해지는 측선의 하부구조가 수평으로 균질하다고 하는 가정을 하여야만 한다. 이러한 수평 다층 구조의 가정은 포장 구조체, 터널 라이닝 등의 토목 구조물의 건전도 검사의 경우에 있어서 반드시 합리적이라고 할 수는 없다. 즉, 지반조사 측선 방향으로의 변이성 평가를 높은 해상도로 수행하여야 할 경우에 기존의 SASW 실험으로 만족스러운 결과를 얻는 것은 용이하지 않다. 최근에는 지반 및 구조물의 건전도 상태를 연속적으로 평가하는 GPR과 같은 비파괴 검사의 중요성이 부각되고 있는 실정이기에, 본 연구에서는 기존의 SASW 실험을 보완하여 지반 조사 측선 방향으로의 전단강성의 연속적 평가가 가능한 토모그래픽 SASW 기법을 새로이 개발하였다. 이러한 토모그래픽 SASW 기법의 개발로 조사대상 매질의 전단강성의 변화에 관한 거리-깊이의 2차원적 컨투어(contour) 도표(토모그래피)의 표현이 가능하게 되어 SASW 기법의 적용성이 토건구조물의 건전도 평가 영역에서 확대되게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 새로이 제안된 토모그래픽 SASW 기법의 타당성을 평가하기 위하여 강사법으로 형성한 모래지반의 횡방향 및 깊이 방향으로의 균질성을 조사하였다. 토모그래픽 SASW 실험으로 모래지반의 전단강성의 변화정도를 용이하게 파악할 수 있었으며, 전단강성의 길이-깊이 방향에 대한 컨투어 도표는 강사법에 사용한 강사기의 문제점을 파악하는데 도움이 되었다. 이러한 모래 지반에서의 전단강성의 평가 실험으로 본 연구에서 제안한 토모그래픽 SASW 실험의 타당성 및 적용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1995년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.15.2-22
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• 1995

Evaluating stiffness of near-surface materials has been one of the critically important tasks in many civil engineering works. It is the main goal of geotechnical characterization. The so-called deflection-response method evaluates the stiffness by measuring stress-strain behavior of the materials caused by static or dynamic load. This method, however, evaluates the overall stiffness and the stiffness variation with depth cannot be obtained. Furthermore, evaluation of a large-area geotechnical site by this method can be time-consuming, expensive, and damaging to many surface points of the site. Wave-propagation method, on the other hand, measures seismic velocities at different depths and stiffness profile (stiffness change with depth) can be obtained from the measured velocity data. The stiffness profile is often expressed by shear-wave (S-wave) velocity change with depth because S-wave velocity is proportional to the shear modulus. that is a direct indicator of stiffiiess. The crosshole and downhole method measures the seismic velocity by placing sources and receivers (geophones) at different depths in a borehole. Requirement of borehole installation makes this method also time-consuming, expensive, and damaging to the sites. Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves (SASW) method places both source and receivers at the surface, and records horizontally-propagating surface waves. Based upon the theory of surfacewave dispersion, the seismic velocities at different depths are calculated by analyzing the recorded surface-wave data. This method can be nondestructive to the sites. However, because only two receivers are used, the method requires multiple measurements with different field setups and, therefore, the method often becomes time-consuming and labor-intensive. Furthermore. the inclusion of noise wavefields cannot be handled properly, and this may cause the results by this method inaccurate. When multi-channel recording method is employed during the measurement of surface-waves, there are several benefits. First, usually single measurement is enough because multiple number (twelve or more) of receivers are used. Second, noise inclusion can be detected by coherency checking on the multi-channel data and handled properly so that it does not decrease the accuracy of the result. Third, various kinds of multi-channel processing techniques can be applied to f1lter unwanted noise wavefields and also to analyze the surface-wavefields more accurately and efficiently. In this way, the accuracy of the result by the method can be significantly improved. Fourth, the entire system of source, receivers, and recording-processing device can be tied into one unit, and the unit can be pulled by a small vehicle, making the survey speed very fast. In all these senses, multi-channel recording of surface waves is best suited for a routine method for geotechnical characterization in most of civil engineering works.