• 제목/요약/키워드: stem model

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Past, Present, and Future of Brain Organoid Technology

  • Koo, Bonsang;Choi, Baekgyu;Park, Hoewon;Yoon, Ki-Jun
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제42권9호
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    • pp.617-627
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    • 2019
  • Brain organoids are an exciting new technology with the potential to significantly change our understanding of the development and disorders of the human brain. With step-by-step differentiation protocols, three-dimensional neural tissues are self-organized from pluripotent stem cells, and recapitulate the major millstones of human brain development in vitro. Recent studies have shown that brain organoids can mimic the spatiotemporal dynamicity of neurogenesis, the formation of regional neural circuitry, and the integration of glial cells into a neural network. This suggests that brain organoids could serve as a representative model system to study the human brain. In this review, we will overview the development of brain organoid technology, its current progress and applications, and future prospects of this technology.

Patient-specific pluripotent stem cell-based Parkinson's disease models showing endogenous alpha-synuclein aggregation

  • Oh, Yohan
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제52권6호
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    • pp.349-359
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    • 2019
  • After the first research declaring the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 2007, several attempts have been made to model neurodegenerative disease in vitro during the past decade. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, which is mainly characterized by motor dysfunction. The formation of unique and filamentous inclusion bodies called Lewy bodies (LBs) is the hallmark of both PD and dementia with LBs. The key pathology in PD is generally considered to be the alpha-synuclein (${\alpha}$-syn) accumulation, although it is still controversial whether this protein aggregation is a cause or consequence of neurodegeneration. In the present work, the recently published researches which recapitulated the ${\alpha}$-syn aggregation phenomena in sporadic and familial PD hiPSC models were reviewed. Furthermore, the advantages and potentials of using patient-derived PD hiPSC with focus on ${\alpha}$-syn aggregation have been discussed.

Current status and prospects of organoid-based regenerative medicine

  • Woo Hee Choi;Dong Hyuck Bae;Jongman Yoo
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제56권1호
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    • pp.10-14
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    • 2023
  • Organoids derived from stem cells or organ-specific progenitors are self-organizable, self-renewable, and multicellular three-dimensional (3D) structures that can mimic the function and structure of the derived tissue. Due to such characteristics, organoids are attracting attention as an excellent ex vivo model for drug screening at the stage of drug development. In addition, since the applicability of organoids as therapeutics for tissue regeneration has been embossed, the development of various organoids-based regenerative medicine has been rapidly progressing, reaching the clinical trial stage. In this review, we give a general overview of organoids and describe current status and prospects of organoid-based regenerative medicine, focusing on organoid-based regenerative therapeutics currently under development including clinical trials.

MEA 기반 신경제약 스크리닝 기술 개발 동향 (Trends in MEA-based Neuropharmacological Drug Screening)

  • 김용희;정상돈
    • 전자통신동향분석
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.46-54
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    • 2023
  • The announcement of the US Environmental Protection Agency that it will stop conducting or funding experimental studies on mammals by 2035 should prioritize ongoing efforts to develop and use alternative toxicity screening methods to animal testing. Toxicity screening is likely to be further developed considering the combination of human-induced pluripotent-stem-cell-derived organ-on-a-chip and multielectrode array (MEA) technologies. We briefly review the current status of MEA technology and MEA-based neuropharmacological drug screening using various cellular model systems. Highlighting the coronavirus disease pandemic, we shortly comment on the importance of early prediction of toxicity by applying artificial intelligence to the development of rapid screening methods.

세포 크기 차이를 이용한 유세포 분석을 통한 인간배아줄기세포 유래 기능성 혈관세포의 확립 (Establishment of Functional Cells for Vascular Defect Disease from Human Embryonic Stem Cell via Region Sorting Depending on Cell Volume)

  • 이지혜;김주미;정형민;채정일
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.364-373
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    • 2011
  • 인간배아줄기세포는 인간배아줄기세포가 가지는 전 분화능 등의 특이적 특성으로 인해 재생의학 분야에서 세포 치료제의 근원으로 널리 각광받고 있다. 그러나, 미분화 상태의 인간배아줄기세포를 세포치료제로 이용하기 위해서는 인간배아줄기세포 주 유래 기능성 세포를 확립이 반드시 요구된다. 본 연구에서는, 미분화 상태의 인간배아줄기세포주로부터 기능성 세포의 확립을 위해, 혈관계통의 세포로 분화를 유도하였으며, 분화 유도 후 세포의 크기 차이를 이용하여 특정 세포군 만을 분리하여 그 기능성을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, VEGF를 이용하여 분화 시킨 세포군에서 약 10%의 PECAM 양성 세포군을 확인할 수 있었으며, 분리 및 세포 이식을 위해 세포를 단일 세포군으로 만들었다. 단일 세포군의 형성 후, 유세포 분석기를 이용한 세포 분리 기법을 이용하여 FCS를 기준으로 한 세포 크기의 차이를 이용하여 특정 세포군 만을 분리하여, 하지 허혈 동물 모델로의 이식을 통해, 비 분리 세포군과 치료 효능을 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 세포 이식 4주 후, 혈류량 복구율이 FSC 기준 분리 군의 경우 54%, 비 분리군의 경우 17%를 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과는, 초기 분화 유도 후 세포 크기차이를 이용한 세포 분리법이 기능성 세포 획득에 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다. 이와 같은 방법을 통해 다양한 종류의 기능성 세포 분리에 이용될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome potentiates the immunomodulatory abilities of mesenchymal stem cells in a murine colitis model

  • Ahn, Ji-Su;Seo, Yoojin;Oh, Su-Jeong;Yang, Ji Won;Shin, Ye Young;Lee, Byung-Chul;Kang, Kyung-Sun;Sung, Eui-Suk;Lee, Byung-Joo;Mohammadpour, Hemn;Hur, Jin;Shin, Tae-Hoon;Kim, Hyung-Sik
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제53권6호
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    • pp.329-334
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    • 2020
  • Inflammasomes are cytosolic, multiprotein complexes that act at the frontline of the immune responses by recognizing pathogen- or danger-associated molecular patterns or abnormal host molecules. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to possess multipotency to differentiate into various cell types and immunoregulatory effects. In this study, we investigated the expression and functional regulation of NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs). hUCB-MSCs expressed inflammasome components that are necessary for its complex assembly. Interestingly, NLRP3 inflammasome activation suppressed the differentiation of hUCB-MSCs into osteoblasts, which was restored when the expression of adaptor proteins for inflammasome assembly was inhibited. Moreover, the suppressive effects of MSCs on T cell responses and the macrophage activation were augmented in response to NLRP3 activation. In vivo studies using colitic mice revealed that the protective abilities of hUCB-MSCs increased after NLRP3 stimulation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome components are expressed in hUCB-MSCs and its activation can regulate the differentiation capability and the immunomodulatory effects of hUCB-MSCs.

인공고관절 골흡수로 인한 응력분포 변화의 2차원 유한요소 해석 (Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Bone Resorption from the Artificial Hip Replacement)

  • 최형연;채수원;김성곤
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 1995
  • Clinically, proximal bone resorption in the femur is frequently seen postoperatively on the follow up XI-rays after total hip replacement (THR). We developed the finite element model of cementless THR. The model is two dimensional side plate model, whereby the three dimensional structural integrity of the bone can be accounted for by a separate two dimensional mesh, a side plate. The subject of this article is the development and application of this two dimensional side plate FEM to study the reverse effect of the various degree of bone resorption of femur after THR. The results of this study indicates that 1) two dimensional side plate model is good and simple alternative to complex three dimensional model and 2) the severity of the proximal bone resorption has the effect of more increasing stress on the cortex at the level of femoral stem tip.

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유한요소 모델을 이용한 인간 뇌의 미만성 부상에 대한 해석 (Analysis of the Diffuse Axonal Injury of the Human Brain using Finite Element Model)

  • 김영은;남대훈
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.603-609
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    • 1998
  • 가속도 변화에 따른 뇌의 미만성 부상을 해석하기 위하여 성인 및 2세, 6세아의 머리 부분에 대한 유한 요소 모델을 개발하였다. 외력은 최대값이 200g인 삼각형 형태의 가속도를 가하였으며, 가속도의 방향, 지속시간에 따른 변화를 해석하였다. 가속도 변화에 따라 발생되는 뇌내의 전단력 분포는 뇌간, 뇌교 및 중뇌등 신경조직이 밀집된 곳에서 크게 발생되어 이곳에서 미만형 부상이 발생할 확률이 높음을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 6세아 모델의 경우 뇌간에서의 최대 전단력이 굴전 형태의 회전가속도 받았을 때 가장 크게 나타나는 결과를 보여 개발된 모델이 임상결과와 일치함을 보여주고 있었다. 가속도 지속 시간이 길어짐에 따라 뇌내에 발생되는 압력 및 최대 전단력의 크기가 증대되고 있었으며, 유아모델의 경우 성인모델에 비하여 가속도 방향과 관계없이 낮은 압력이 발생하였지만 발생압력이 감소하지 않고 지속되는 현상을 보이고 있었다. 그리고 각 가속도에 의한 미만성 부상을 예방하기 위한 안전지수로는 현재 탑승자의 안전 설계에 활용되고 있는 HIC보다는 최대 전단응력이 더 적절한 부상 예측인자임을 알 수 있었다.

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