• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

Applicability of constructing piled raft foundations on soft clay has been given attention in recent years. Lack of sufficient stiffness for soil and thus excessive settlements to allow higher contribution of piles is the major concern in this regard. This paper presents a numerical investigation of performance of piled-raft foundations on soft clay with focusing on a case study. A 3D FEM numerical model is developed using ABAQUS. The model was calibrated by comparing physical and numerical modeling results of other researchers. Then the possibility of using piled-raft system in construction of foundation for a water storage tank in Sarbandar, Iran is assessed. Soil strength parameters in the numerical model were calibrated using the instrumentation data of a heavily instrumented preloading project at the construction site. The results indicate that choosing the proper combination of length and spacing for piles can lead to acceptable differential and total settlements while a high percentage of total bearing capacity of piles can be mobilized, which is an efficient solution for the project. Overall, the construction of piled-rafts on soft clays is promising as long as the total settlement of the structure is not imposing restrictions such as the common 25 mm allowable settlement. But instead, if higher allowable settlements are adopted, for example in the case of rigid steel tanks, the method shall be applicable with considerable cost savings.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2013

Residual stress caused in the weldments with high restraint force are often observed during welding in the weldments of Inner and outdoor materials or radial tanks. The reason is that quantitative analysis about thermal stresses during laser welding is lacking for this weldments. To verify Finite Elements Method (FEM) theory, the temperature was measured with thermocouple in a real time in this paper. Also analysis of the thermal stress for welding condition is performed by Comsol program package on various welding condition in SCP1-S butt welding. The principal stress in laser welding process is seen through the width direction. Also, it was confirmed that a change in base metal by thermal expansion made the stress in width direction stronger. Base metal close to the weld bead as the process progresses to the tensile stress in the compressive stress was varied. It was shown that the change of stress was quantitative from the bead at a certain distance.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2020

In this paper, the author's team has carried out a comparative experimental study on the corrosion characteristics of Q235 steel commonly used in large-scale storage tanks under the specific bottom water environment found with Russian and Daqing crude oil. It was found that there is a certain degree of uniform or local corrosion on the tank floor depending on the kind of bottom water. The bottom water corrosion of Daqing crude oil is a uniform corrosion caused by carbon dioxide. While the Russian crude oil bottom water corrosion is clearly local corrosion caused by co-corrosion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, here the corrosion rate is obviously higher than that caused by Daqing crude oil. There are two modes of storage tank inspection and maintenance that have been currently adopted by Chinese refining and chemical enterprises: a regular inspection mode and a API581-2016 risk-based detection mode. These modes have been effectively combined to form an intelligent tank inspection and maintenance mode, software tools to support this intelligent inspection and maintenance management have been developed.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2002

This paper describes the acoustic emission measurement method to diagnose GIS for particles. We measured and analyzed the signals of acoustic waves using acoustic two types sensors with 125KHz and 50KHz resonant frequency respectively when the particles were dropped on the surfaces of circular plates and inside of GlS tanks. We found that the difference between peak outputs of two sensors depended on the types and materials of particles and the conditions of dropping position. These results showed that the outputs of 125KHz sensor were higher than those of 50KHz sensor in circular plate and 362㎸ GIS tank made of steel and vice versa in circular plate and 800㎸ GIS tank made of aluminum. The ratios outputs of 125KHz sensor to those of 50KHz sensor were 1.4 - 2.37 in 800㎸ GIS tank and were 0.5 - 1.0 in 362㎸ GIS tank. Therefore we knew that adaption of two types acoustic sensors which had different resonant frequencies as a very useful method in diagnosis of GIS.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2020

일반적으로 LPG 운반선의 화물창은 국제해사기구(IMO)에서 정의한 독립형 탱크 Type A에 해당하며, 탱크의 외부는 폴리우레탄 폼으로 단열하고, 탱크는 영하 50도에서도 견딜 수 있는 값비싼 저온 강으로 제작된다. 따라서, 화물창 재료의 절감은 많은 비용의 절감으로 직결된다. 화물창은 외판, 격벽, 보강재, 웨브 프레임 및 스트링거로 구성된다. 그 중에서 외판, 격벽과 보강재는 구조해석 없이 선급 규정에 의해 설계될 수 있어 용이하게 최적 설계를 통해 설계된다. 하지만, 웨브 프레임과 스트링거는 구조해석을 통해 설계하고 선급승인을 받아야 하므로, 수없이 많은 구조해석을 포함하는 최적 설계는 사실상 수행하지 못하고, 수 십 번의 구조해석을 통해 설계치수를 결정하는 적정설계만을 수행하는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 유한요소해석을 위해 2번 화물창을 대표 화물창으로 선정하여 8개의 하중조건을 적용하였고, 각 하중조건에 대한 선박 전체의 변형을 고려하였다. 또한, 탐색시간이 효과적인 미분 기반 최적화 기법을 통해 82,000 ㎥ LNG 운반선의 웨브 프레임을 대상으로 최소중량설계를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 총 48개의 설계변수 치수를 결정하였고, 척 당 약 108 톤의 강재를 절감하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2015

슬로싱 하중은 LNG 화물창의 내부 구조물에 강한 충격을 유발시킨다. 이는 슬로싱 하중에 의해 평면이나 구석 부위에 순간 압력을 증가시키기 때문에 멤브레인 타입의 화물창에서는 매우 위험하다. 멤브레인 타입의 화물창은 선체구조에 비해 매우 유연하므로, 유체-구조 상호작용은 슬로싱 하중을 받는 화물창의 구조해석에서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 유한요소해석 기법을 이용하여 LNG 유체와 KC-1 단열시스템의 경계에 대시포트를 이용하여 유체-구조 상호작용을 고려한 해석 방법에 대해 다루었다. 결론적으로 표면 완충 효과를 적용하였을 경우, KC-1 단열시스템의 폴리우레탄폼에서 발생하는 최대응력이 약 1.5 배 낮아지는 효과가 있음을 알아내었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.843-848
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• 2013

LNG 수요의 증가에 따라, LNG FPSO (부유식 생산저장 하역설비) 선박 및 LNG 선박의 건조도 지속적으로 증가하고 있고, 다양한 형태의 저장탱크 설계가 시도되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 LNG를 저장하는 선박 화물창 내부탱크의 방식으로 5~9% Ni강재를 적용하고, 단열재를 우레탄폼 블록 대신에 펄라이트 분말을 충전하는 새로운 선박 탱크 형식을 제안하였다. 펄라이트 단열재의 적용 가능성을 위하여 필수적으로 검토되어야 하는 펄라이트의 내부탱크 벽체에 가하는 압력, 압력 흡수를 위하여 적용되는 탄성 블랭킷의 특성, 블랭킷의 적정 설계두께, 내부탱크 설계압력 등 설계 인자들을 분석하였다. 연구결과로, 블랭킷의 두께설계 기준은 내부탱크 단열간격의 1/4~1/3 사이가 되어야 하고 적정 두께는 30% 정도가 되었으며, 탱크 설계압력 기준은 블랭킷 두께에 따라 1,500 Pa 이하가 되어야 하는 것으로 얻어졌다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The occurrence of unexpected disasters, including fire events, increases as the road network becomes complicated and traffic volume increases. When a fire event occurs on and under bridges, the damage extensively influences direct damage to structures, vehicles, and human life and secondary socioeconomic issues owing to traffic blockage. This study investigated potential fire-hazard risks on bridges of the Korean national route road. METHODS : The investigation was conducted using field investigation and analysis with satellite pictures and road views from commercial websites and the Bridge Management System (BMS). From the filed investigation, various potential fire resources were identified. The satellite pictures and road views were helpful in measuring and recognizing conditions underneath bridges, stowage areas, etc. RESULTS : There are various potential fire resources underneath bridges such as piled agricultural products, parked petroleum tanks, construction equipment, and attached high-voltage cables. A total of 94.6% of bridges have underneath clearances of less than 15 m. A bridge underneath volume that can stow a potential fire hazard resource was $7,332m^3$ on average, and most bridges have about $4,000m^3$ of space. Based on the BMS data, the amounts of PSC and steel girders were 29% and 25%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : It was found that the amount of stowed potential fire hazard resources was proportional to the underneath space of bridges. Most bridges have less than 15 m of vertical clearance that can be considered as a critical value for a bridge fire. The fire risk investigation results should be helpful for developing bridge fire-protection tools.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.1057-1069
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• 2020

For most upland crops in Korea, underground water is used to ensure an adequate water supply. Thus, surface water storage tanks are needed to supply surface water from reservoirs or streams. This study discusses the design, manufacture and monitoring of a water storage tank capable of reliably supplying water to crops and preventing the inflow of floating debris. The study was conducted in an apple orchard in Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do in Korea. Based on the water requirements of the crops and size of the orchard, a required flow volume of about 0.6 ㎥·h-1 was determined, along with a surface water storage tank capacity of 1.2 ㎥. Following a comparison with other materials, stainless steel (STS) was used to construct the water tank. The tank was designed to provide 14 hours of irrigation, enabling a small-capacity, cost-efficient tank design to be used. A surface water irrigation test was performed using the surface water storage tank. The average surface water irrigation flow rate was 0.00045 ㎥·m-2·h-1. The water quality test showed that the pH, suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) values satisfied the reference values for agricultural water. The test results showed that the surface water storage tank evaluated in this study allows for crop irrigation when there is a lack of groundwater during droughts.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2014

본 연구는 현재 신설 중에 있는 삼척 LNG 저장탱크 콘크리트 배합표의 공시체로부터 획득된 촉진 탄산화 시험 결과를 가지고 탄산염해에 대한 내구수명과 그 억제 방안에 대해 평가한 것이다. 그 결과 재령 7일, 28일, 56일에 대한 촉진 탄산화 침투 깊이는 4.45 mm, 9.19 mm, 13.37 mm로 나타났으며, 실제 운영 중 LNG 저장탱크의 철근피복 두께(최소 70 mm부터 최대 100 mm)를 고려하더라도 큰 여유를 보였다 그리고 탄.산화 침투 깊이로부터 획득된 탄산화 속도계수를 가지고 대기 중 환산 $CO_2$ 농도 즉, 0.03%와 0.05%를 각각 고려한 LNG 저장탱크 외조 콘크리트의 설계 피복 두께(70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm)의 내구수명은 779년, 1,017년, 1,287년, 1,589년과 466년, 609년, 771년, 951년으로 나타났다. 또한, 콘크리트 경화체내 조직구조의 물질이동성 변화와 세공용액의 이온조성 및 수산화칼슘 등 수화생성물의 변화 등에 영향을 미치는 인자들의 조절을 통하여 탄산염해의 억제가 가능할 것으로 보였다.