• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.575-581
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 앞서의 '압력의 단가성' 개념을 재도입하여 유동함수의 경계치 설정에 수치적으로 유용하게 쓸 수 있음을 보였고, 이를 다중연결된 물체에 관한 2차 원 응용문제들에서 수렴성이 나쁘고 많은 계산시간을 요구하는 종래의 원시변수들을 이용한 수식화 과정을 벗어나, 이제는 간편하고 명확한 유동함수-와도의 방법으로 비 교적 적은 컴퓨터 시간으로 유동장의 계산이 가능하게 되었음을 보였다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2018

The steady-state, incompressible and three-dimensional numerical analysis was carried out to evaluate the internal flow fields characteristics of wind tunnel contractions made by Morel's curve equations. The turbulence model used in this study is a realizable ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ well known to be excellent for predicting the performance of the flow separation and recirculation flow as well as the boundary layer with rotation and strong back pressure gradient. As a results, when the flow passes through the interior space of the analytical models, the flow resistance at the inlet of the plenum chamber is the largest at $Z_m=300$, 400 mm, but the smallest at $Z_m=700mm$. The maximum turbulence intensity in the test section is about 2.5% when calculated by the homogeneous flow, so it is improved by about 75% compared to the 10% turbulence intensity at the inlet of the plenum chamber due to the contraction.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2015

The performance of UV reactor which is used in water treatment is strongly affected by UV fluence rate and water flow in the UV reactor. Therefore, CFD tools are widely used in designing process of UV reactors. This paper describes the development of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology that can be used to calculate the performance of open channel type UV reactor used in wastewater treatment plant. All computations were performed using commercial CFD code, CFX, by considering three dimensional, steady, incompressible flow. The Eulerian-Eulerian multi-phase method were used to capture the water-air interface. The MSSS model, provided by UVCalc3D, was used to calculate the UV intensity field. The numerical predictions and calculated UV Dose were compared with experimental dataset to validate the CFD methodology. The reactor performance based on MS2 log reduction was well matched with measurements within 6%.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.435-449
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• 2014

The effects of the gravity field and the free surface on the cavity shape and the drag are investigated through a numerical analysis for the steady supercavitating flow past a simple two-dimensional body underneath the free surface. The continuity and the RANS equations are numerically solved for an incompressible fluid using a $k-{\epsilon}$ turbulence model and a mixture fluid model has been applied for calculating the multiphase flow of air, water and vapor using the method of volume of fluid and the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model. Numerical solutions have been obtained for the supercavitating flow about a two-dimensional $30^{\circ}$ wedge in wide range of depths of submergence and inflow velocities. The results are presented for the cavity shape, especially the length and the width, and the drag of the wedge in comparison with those of the case for the infinite fluid flow neglecting the gravity and the free surface. The influences of the gravity field and the free surface on the aforementioned quantities are discussed. The length and the width of the supercavity are reduced and the centerline of the cavity rises toward the free surface due to the effects of the gravity field and the free surface. The drag coefficient of the wedge, however, is about the same except for shallow depths of submergence. As the supercavitating wedge is approaching very close to the free surface, it is found the length and the width of a cavity are shorten even though the cavitation number is reduced. Also the present result suggests that, under the influence of the gravity field and the free surface, the length of the supercavity for a certain cavitation number varies and moreover is proportional to the inverse of the submergence depth Froude number.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

이젝터는 고압의 주유동을 통해 저압의 부유동을 이동시키는 단순한 장치이다. 이젝터의 효율은 주방향으로 작동하는 다른 이송 장치에 비해 매우 낮다. 그러나 구동장치가 없어 간단한 구조를 가지고 있으며, 낮은 구동에너지로 많은 양의 유체를 이송시킬 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선박에서 많이 사용되고 있는 side-type 액체용 이젝터에 작동유체의 유량을 변화시키면서 정상, 비압축성 유동에 대해 실험 및 CFD 분석을 통하여 직관부 및 디퓨저의 길이변화에 따른 이젝터의 유동 패턴과 흡입 현상을 분석하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2012

The present study numerically investigates the aerodynamic characteristics of two-dimensional wings in the vicinity of the ground by solving two-dimensional steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the turbulence closure model of the realizable k-${\varepsilon}$ model. Numerical simulations are performed at a wide range of the normalized ground clearance by the chord length ($0.1{\leq}h/C{\leq}1.25$) for the angles of attack ($0^{\circ}{\leq}{\alpha}{\leq}10^{\circ}$) in the prestall regime at a Reynolds number (Re) of $2{\times}10^6$ based on free stream velocity $U_{\infty}$ and the chord length. As the physical model of this study, a cambered airfoil of NACA 4406 has been selected by a performance test for various airfoils. The maximum lift-to-drag ratio is achieved at ${\alpha}=4^{\circ}$ and h / C = 0.1. Under the conditions of ${\alpha}=4^{\circ}$ and h / C = 0.1, the effect of the Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 4406 is investigated in the range of $2{\times}10^5{\leq}Re{\leq}2{\times}10^9$. As Re increases, $C_l$ and $C_d$ augments and decreases, respectively, and the lift-to-drag ratio increases linearly.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.91-98
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• 1999

This paper describes the air flow characteristics inside the throttle valve. Tow-dimensional steady incompressible Navier-Strokes equation are solved numerically with embedding the conceopt of the artificial compressibility and adopting the Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model. With varying the valve opening angles(the Reynolds number )such as 15$^{\circ}$(5000) , 45$^{\circ}$(3000) , 75$^{\circ}$(7000) and 90$^{\circ}$(10000), respectively. tow cases, with a valve shaft and without one, are analysed. The pressure loss between the entrance and exit is severe at 15$^{\circ}$, 100 times as larger as that of 90$^{\circ}$ case, which also depends much on the existece of the valve shaft. The counter rotating vortices are formed over the valve plate with the shaft at only 75$^{\circ}$. They are smally and very large scale in front and back of the valve shaft , respectively. The velocity profiles of 15$^{\circ}$ and 90$^{\circ}$ at the exit are almost symmetric to the horizontal center line, however, the symmetricity is no longer maintained at 45$^{\circ}$ and 75$^{\circ}$ , and in addition, the flow at 75$^{\circ}$ is enforced a lot below center line. The pressure distribution on the walls is largely changed near the valve shaft, and its magnitude becomes great as the valve angle decreases.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the air flow characteristics in a plant factory with different inlet and outlet locations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Methods: In this study, the flow was assumed to be a steady-state, incompressible, and three-dimensional turbulent flow. A realizable k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulent model was applied to show more reasonable results than the standard model. A CFD software was used to perform the numerical simulation. For validation of the simulation model, a prototype plant factory ($5,900mm{\times}2,800mm{\times}2,400mm$) was constructed with two inlets (${\Phi}250mm$) and one outlet ($710mm{\times}290mm$), located on the top side wall. For the simulation model, the average air current speed at the inlet was $5.11m{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Five cases were simulated to predict the airflow pattern in the plant factory with different inlet and outlet locations. Results: The root mean square error of measured and simulated air current speeds was 13%. The error was attributed to the assumptions applied to mathematical modelling and to the magnitude of the air current speed measured at the inlet. However, the measured and predicted airflow distributions of the plant factory exhibited similar patterns. When the inlets were located at the center of the side wall, the average air current speed in the plant factory was increased but the spatial uniformity was lowered. In contrast, if the inlets were located on the ceiling, the average air current speed was lowered but the uniformity was improved. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the airflow pattern in the plant factory with multilayer cultivation shelves was greatly affected by the locations of the inlet and the outlet.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 3차원 대칭형 날개의 정상/비정상상대에서의 공기력 특성을 Vortex 패널법을 이용하여 수치적으로 연구했다. 이 프로그램은 날개 표면에 분포된 x, y 방향에 따라 선형적으로 변화는 와(Vortex)를 이용하는 프로그램을 기반으로 하여 3차원 날개 주위의 비압축성 포텐셜 흐름에 적용하였고 박리와 후류의 변형은 고려하지 않았다. NACA Airfoil 자료와 비교한 계산결과는 매우 만족스러운 일치를 보여주었다. 또한 갑작스러운 pitch-up운동과 일정한 각속도로 피칭운동을 하는 비정상 날개에 대해서도 본 방법을 적용하였다. 비정상 상태의 연구에서는 출발와류의 생성과 시간에 따른 위치를 고려함으로서 출발와류가 날개의 공기력 특성에 미치는 영향을 계산하였다. 본 방법은 피칭이나 플래핑, 회전익 해석등의 더 복잡한 경우에도 적용되어질 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.999-1007
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 다양한 형상의 파이프에 대한 압력강하와 열전달 특성을 수치적으로 해석하였다. 원형 파이프에서부터 타원형, 톱니형, 비틀어진 형태와 같은 다양한 형상의 파이프를 3차원으로 수치해석을 통해 비교하였다. 수치해석은 층류에서 난류영역까지 계산을 수행하였다. 파이프 유동해석은 완전발달된 영역에서 정상상태, 비압축성 RANS수식을 이용하여 계산하였다. 유동의 손실은 friction factor를 통해 비교하였고, 열전달 성능은 각 파이프 표면에서의 Colburn factor를 통해 비교하였다. 종합적인 열유동 성능평가는 Volume and Area goodness factor를 통해 평가하였다. 열전달 성능을 향상시키고 유동의 손실은 최소화하는 최적의 형상을 연구하였다.