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http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/JNAOE.2012.4.2.151

Mean flow characteristics of two-dimensional wings in ground effect  

Jung, Jae-Hwan (Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University)
Yoon, Hyun-Sik (Global Core Research Center for Ships and Offshore Plants, Pusan National University)
Chun, Ho-Hwan (Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University)
Hung, Pham Anh (Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University)
Elsamni, Osama Ahmed (Country Department of Mechanical Power Engineering, The University of Alexandra)
Publication Information
International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering / v.4, no.2, 2012 , pp. 151-161 More about this Journal
Abstract
The present study numerically investigates the aerodynamic characteristics of two-dimensional wings in the vicinity of the ground by solving two-dimensional steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the turbulence closure model of the realizable k-${\varepsilon}$ model. Numerical simulations are performed at a wide range of the normalized ground clearance by the chord length ($0.1{\leq}h/C{\leq}1.25$) for the angles of attack ($0^{\circ}{\leq}{\alpha}{\leq}10^{\circ}$) in the prestall regime at a Reynolds number (Re) of $2{\times}10^6$ based on free stream velocity $U_{\infty}$ and the chord length. As the physical model of this study, a cambered airfoil of NACA 4406 has been selected by a performance test for various airfoils. The maximum lift-to-drag ratio is achieved at ${\alpha}=4^{\circ}$ and h / C = 0.1. Under the conditions of ${\alpha}=4^{\circ}$ and h / C = 0.1, the effect of the Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 4406 is investigated in the range of $2{\times}10^5{\leq}Re{\leq}2{\times}10^9$. As Re increases, $C_l$ and $C_d$ augments and decreases, respectively, and the lift-to-drag ratio increases linearly.
Keywords
Wing; Ground effect; Ground clearances; Drag; Lift; Reynolds number effect;
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