• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2013

This study analyzed the ADCP records along with wind by KMA and discharge records at Seosan A-, B-district tide embankment by KRC for 33 days obtained in the Chunsu Bay, Yellow Sea, Korea spanning from July 29 to August 30, 2010. Various analyses include descriptive statistics, harmonic analysis of tidal constituents, spectra and coherence, complex correlation, progressive vector diagram and cumulative curves to understand the tidal and sub-tidal current characteristics caused by local wind and discharge effect. Observed current speed ranges from -30 to 40 (cm/sec), with standard deviation from 1.7 (cm/sec) at bottom to 18.7 (cm/sec) at surface. According to the harmonic analysis results, the tidal current direction show NNW-SSE. The magnitudes of semi-major axes range from 9.4 to 14.8 (cm/sec) for M2 harmonic constituent and from 4.4 to 7.0 (cm/sec) for S2, respectively. And the magnitudes of semi-minor axes range from 0.1 to 0.5 (cm/sec) for M2 and from 0.4 to 1.4 (cm/sec) for S2, respectively. In the spectral analysis results in the frequency domain, we found 3~6 significant spectral peaks for band-passed wind and residual current of all depth. These peak periods represent various periodicities ranging from 2 to 8 (days). In the coherency analysis results between band-passed wind and residual current of all depth, several significant coherencies could be resolved in 3~5 periodicities within 2.8 (days). Highest coherency peak occurred at 4.6 (day) with 1.2-day phase lag of discharge to band-passed residual current. The progressive vector of wind and residual current travelled to northward at all layers, and the travel distance at middle layer was greater than surface layer distance. The Northward residual current was caused by a seasonal southern wind, and the density-driven current formed by fresh water input effected southward residual current. The sub-tidal current characteristics is determined by seasonal wind force and fresh water inflow in the Chunsu Bay, Yellow Sea, Korea.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.182-195
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• 2003

Background: Marriage is one of the major life events and the primary source of individual happiness and meaning of life. It is not possible to predict who will marry whom and which marriage will be successful. Marital adjustment has significant influences on an individual and relationship functioning and is associated with mental health. Good marital quality may imply good general relationship. There are several factors that correlate with or predict good marital quality. Especially individual personality factors may be a major factor in achieving and maintaining marital stability, satisfaction and happiness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible relationship between dyadic adjustment and personality dimensions in urban married women. Methods: Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered to 215 married women. Data analysis was based on 170 women who provided reliable informations. The descriptive statistics of demographic data and 4 scales were obtained. Then the possible relationships between each data were tested by calculating Pearson's product moment correlations. To test the effects of depression and anxiety on dyadic adjustment, stepwise multiple regression analysis was done. Results: Age and length of marriage were negatively correlated with affectional expression and dyadic cohesion. Educational level was positively correlated with total dyadic adjustment score and dyadic satisfaction. Family income was positively correlated with total dyadic adjustment score, dyadic consensus, dyadic satisfaction and dyadic cohesion. Different family type showed different total dyadic adjustment score, dyadic satisfaction and dyadic cohesion. Psychoticism was negatively correlated with total dyadic adjustment score, dyadic consensus, dyadic satisfaction, affectional expression and dyadic cohesion. Neuroticism was negatively correlated with total dyadic adjustment score, dyadic consensus, dyadic satisfaction and affectional expression. Extraversion and lie were not correlated with any factors. Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores were negatively correlated with total dyadic adjustment score, dyadic consensus, dyadic satisfaction, affectional expression and dyadic cohesion. The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that psychoticism was correlated with dyadic adjustment. Conclusion: These results showed that the demographic factors such as age, length of marriage, educational level, family income and family type were significantly correlated with dyadic adjustment. Psychoticism and neuroticism measured by Eysenck Personality Inventory were significantly correlated with dyadic adjustment. But the correlations with extraversion and lie were not significant. Especially correlation between neuroticism and dyadic adjustment seemed to be mediated by emotional state such as depression and anxiety. These findings suggest that personality factors may be involved in marital relationship and that clinician must consider personality aspect in dealing with marital problems. Future study about differences between control group and psychiatric patient group will be needed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

Considering that the X-ray apron used in the department of radiology is also used in the department of nuclear medicine, the study aimed to analyze the shielding rate of the apron according to types of radioisotopes, thus ${\gamma}$ ray energy, to investigate the protective effects. The radioisotopes used in the experiment were the top 5 nuclides in usage statistics $^{99m}Tc$, $^{18}F$, $^{131}I$, $^{123}I$, and $^{201}Tl$, and the aprons were lead equivalent 0.35 mmPb aprons currently under use in the department of nuclear medicine. As a result of experiments, average shielding rates of aprons were $^{99m}Tc$ 31.59%, $^{201}Tl$ 68.42%, and $^{123}I$ 76.63%. When using an apron, the shielding rate of $^{131}I$ actually resulted in average dose rate increase of 33.72%, and $^{18}F$ showed an average shielding rate of -0.315%, showing there was almost no shielding effect. As a result, the radioisotopes with higher shielding rate of apron was in the descending order of $^{123}I$, $^{201}Tl$, $^{99m}Tc$, $^{18}F$, $^{131}I$. Currently, aprons used in the nuclear medicine laboratory are general X-ray aprons, and it is thought that it is not appropriate for nuclear medicine environment that utilizes ${\gamma}$ rays. Therefore, development of nuclear medicine exclusive aprons suitable for the characteristics of radioisotopes is required in consideration of effective radiation protection and work efficiency of radiation workers.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.221-231
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the need for child hospice care programs in families of children with cancer. Methods: The survey of 104 families who were taking care of children with cancer was conducted. This survey was conducted from February 2004 to July 2004 at two general hospitals in Seoul. The data were collected through a self-reporting questionnaire of 22 items. The items were classified into five areas by factor analysis to identify the construct validity. The reliability of the tool was established by Cronbach's alpha as .94 and the data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results: 1) The degree of need for hospice care of the subjects showed a high average of 3.40 (${\pm}3.8$). The need for 'emotional care of children' showed the highest mean (M=3.55), 'management of terminal physical symptoms'(M=3.49), 'control of secondary physical problems' (M=3.41), 'acceptance of the family's difficulty' (M=3.20), 'spiritual care for preparing for death'(M=3.17), respectively. 2) With respect to the demographic characteristics of the subjects, there were statistically significant differences in hospice care needs, according to the child's mother's age (F==4.980, P=.009), whether or not there were cancer patients among their siblings or relatives (t=2.423, P=.017). Conclusion: The family of children with cancer have a heavy burden of ambivalence, especially in relieving the anxiety and fear of their children, communicating about death, and managing physical symptoms. Child hospice care must be provided considering the needs of families of children with cancer. Thus popular needs as well as hospice nurses' higher concern and support for hospice care of children require further education and program development to meet the current demands.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

According to the statistics of traffic accidents over recent 5 years, traffic accidents during the night times happened more than the day times. There are various causes to occur traffic accidents and the one of the major causes is inappropriate or missing street lights that make driver's sight confused and causes the traffic accidents. In this paper, with smartphones, we designed and implemented a lane luminance measurement application which stores the information of driver's location, driving, and lane luminance into database in real time to figure out the inappropriate street light facilities and the area that does not have any street lights. This application is implemented under Native C/C++ environment using android NDK and it improves the operation speed than code written in Java or other languages. To measure the luminance of road, the input image with RGB color space is converted to image with YCbCr color space and Y value returns the luminance of road. The application detects the road lane and calculates the road lane luminance into the database sever. Also this application receives the road video image using smart phone's camera and improves the computational cost by allocating the ROI(Region of interest) of input images. The ROI of image is converted to Grayscale image and then applied the canny edge detector to extract the outline of lanes. After that, we applied hough line transform method to achieve the candidated lane group. The both sides of lane is selected by lane detection algorithm that utilizes the gradient of candidated lanes. When the both lanes of road are detected, we set up a triangle area with a height 20 pixels down from intersection of lanes and the luminance of road is estimated from this triangle area. Y value is calculated from the extracted each R, G, B value of pixels in the triangle. The average Y value of pixels is ranged between from 0 to 100 value to inform a luminance of road and each pixel values are represented with color between black and green. We store car location using smartphone's GPS sensor into the database server after analyzing the road lane video image with luminance of road about 60 meters ahead by wireless communication every 10 minutes. We expect that those collected road luminance information can warn drivers about safe driving or effectively improve the renovation plans of road luminance management.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.125-153
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• 2006

This study was intended to describe women's weight controlling by creating a hypothetic model on the weight adjustment behavior and by examining a cause and effect relationship, and to contribute to countermeasures for practicing their promotion of health and improving the quality of life through creating a predictable model. The subject of study was women who utilize the beauty shop located in Seoul, Busan and Daegu and the study period was 12 weeks from July 10 to September 30 in 2004. Gathered 1093 person's general specialty related with weight adjustment and analyzed covariance to prove the hypothesis using statistics compiled from authentic sources. Also proved coincidence of the hypothetical model. Exogenous variables of the hypothetical model are composed of recognition of her body shape, fatness level, age, stress, and self-respect. Endogenous variables are health- control mind, recognized health state, self-efficacy, intention, and behavior of weight adjustment. There were 5 measured variables for exogenous variable(x). There were 8 measured variable(y) for exogenous variable. And coincidence $x^2=297.38$, standard $x^2(x^2/df)=7.08$, GFI=0.962, AGFI=0.917, NFI=0.875, TLI=0.794, CFI=0.889, RMSEA=0.075. The result of hypothesis had an epoch-making record that 20 out of 27 hypothesis was proved positive way. Generally weight adjustment has been highly seen in housewives, the married and the old age. Health control mind seems to be high as fatness level, age, and self-respect are high and low stress. Recognized health state is high as age and self-respect are high and low stress. However, it is not much related with recognition of her body shape and fatness level. If age, self-respect, health control mind, recognized health state and self-efficacy are high intention of behavior is also high, but intention of behavior has no relation with recognition of her body shape, fatness level and stress. If fatness level, age, self-respect, health control mind, recognized health state and self-efficacy and intention of behavior are high, execution of weight adjustment will be high. However, recognized health state and stress has no influence for weight adjustment. To increase the coincidence of hypothesis and take a simple model I modified a model and then I got the coincidence $x^2=215.62$, standard $x^2(x^2/df)=6.34$, GFI=0.970, AGFI=0.931, NFI=0.902, TLI=0.901, CFI=0.915, RMSEA=0.070. This result is a bit better than original hypothetical model's so that this model might be more suitable. In this modification model, the factors of weight adjustment seems to be high according to this order self-efficacy, recognized health state, age, intention, health control mind, self-respect, fatness level and stress. With this result I suggest ; 1. Enforcement of IR that everybody can be controlled weight adjustment herself and continuous education, which is related with regular habit (food, exercise, restriction of a favorite food and behavior training etc.) is also needed. 2. Because self-efficacy is influenced to execution of weight adjustment specific program which can increase self-efficacy should have to develop and we need to utilize it to take care of herself. 3. To protect fatness and be active weight adjustment the peculiar program including the concept of self-respect, recognized health state, health control mind and intention must be developed and not only women but also all of people should be educated. 4. This hypothetical model is forecasting women's weight adjustment behavior and can be utilized for fundamental data to increase those people's health.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2009

This study executed questionnaire 388 high school boy students in Jeolla-bukdo Namwon from June 9, 2008 to 20th prepares basic data about boy student's oral health behavior, and examines closely the connection factor and plans oral health promotion. Questionnaire distributed getting classroom teacher's cooperation and reclaimed through classroom teacher after make questionnaire by students. The collected data executed Chi-square test and descriptive statistics using SPSS program and the result is as following. 1. Response that responded that students of 61.1% are 2 times in toothbrushing number of times on 1 day, and appeared by thing which 69.1% does toothbrushing most much after way in the morning, and cleans up and down by toothbrushing method was the most by 36.6%. A student of only 8.5% was using auxiliary oral hygiene devices. 2. The oral medical examination and treatment engine use experience rate was 93.6%, and students of 82.9% do treatment as reason by last oral medical examination and treatment use purpose and did coming to help. The 1 year within use experience rate was 47.7%, and students of 77.1% were satisfied for medical examination and treatment. 3. Toothbrushing frequency of smoked students appeared low compared to students woo do not smoke, and students, who do drinking, was expose toothbrushing number by 3 limes compared to students who do not. 4. The activity limitation experience rate by oral disease was 16.0%, and the year absence experience rate was 5.2%, and the studies achievement hindrance experience rate appeared by 13. 1%. As a result, is considered to strengthen on-time oral medical examination and oral health education, and need prevention and policy of early treatment putting first.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop a plan for emotional labor of clinical dental hygienists by understanding the factors affecting their emotional labor. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 293 dental hygienists who worked in dental hospitals and clinics located in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do from June to September in 2013. The questionnaire items used in this study consisted of 5 items of general characteristics, 2 items of characteristics related to turnover, and 9 items of emotional labor. t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS Statistics ver. 17.0 for Windows program for data analysis. The average level of the study subjects was $69.85{\pm}12.82$. With regard to the emotional labor according to the general characteristics, the frequency of emotional expressions (p<0.037) showed significant differences in the marital status. The workplace showed significant differences in the frequency of emotional expressions (p<0.001), attentiveness of emotional expressions (p<0.002), emotional dissonance (p<0.032), and total (p<0.001). The turnover intentions showed significant differences in the frequency of emotional expressions (p<0.001), attentiveness of emotional expressions (p<0.001), emotional dissonance (p<0.001), and total (p<0.001). As a factor affecting emotional labor, turnover intention (p<0.001) and workplace (p<0.001) had an effect on emotional labor. The results showed that turnover intention and workplace were associated with the emotional labor of dental hygienists. There is a need to develop an emotional education program to make it possible to effectively manage emotional labor of dental hygienists for providing high-quality medical services of dental institutions.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 2015

The study was conducted to provide data for the development of effective medical conflict prevention programs for dental hygiene by analyzing the dental experience conflicts. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted targeting dental hygienists who were performing dental assistance at university hospital, dental hospital and dental clinic in Busan and Gyeongnam regions from April 1 to 30, 2014. Collected questionnaires of 212 dental hygienists were then analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 20.0 program. A total of 59.4% had experienced complaints, discontents and medical disputes and 24% of these had experienced a legal trouble developed from such and 95.3% were anxious and doubtful about a possible future medical dispute to some degree. Patient complaints, complaints of non-medical issues raised by 24.3% was the most common, notices, maps and descriptions in relation to the issues raised by 14.4%, is related to the impression issue was raised in the order of 13.5%. Occurrence of disputes did not show a significant difference by place of work, however, a possibility of development of dispute into a legal proceeding showed a significant difference depending on service career and it was investigated that the experienced group feels more pressures with regard to a medical dispute according to their experience of such. All respondents said that education on a prevention and countermeasures of medical disputes is necessary. Understanding of dental hygienists on medical related laws regarding the scope of duty is required to be enhanced and, in order to do so, opportunities to receive an education with regard to a prevention and countermeasures of medical disputes are to be expanded.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.37-51
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• 2005

Mast cell is a cell that functions mainly in our body with a respect to inflammation and allergic response. Bee venom has been progressed in a study as a model related to mechanism in alleviation of pain until now, but it is being progressed in a study relevant to immunocyte in anti-inflammation or anti-allergic response. The present study is aimed to present the basis related to a future study of gene, by researching the influence of melittin and MCD Peptide, which are major ingredients in Bee venom, upon the expression of gene in the mast cell strain. In this study, it dealt with melittin and MCD Peptide respectively, in the effective concentration after passing though the experiment of cytotoxicity by using human mast cell strain. Also, with the respect in the aspect of expression in gene that changes at this time, information was obtained through the technique of analyzing microarray. Through experimental statistics, when regarding a case that global M is significant in more than 1 or -1, in melittin, all 7 genes were accelerated, and 8 inhibited. In MCDP, 7 genes were accelerated and 17 genes inhibited. The function in the body to which these genes are related, was associated with the protein binding within a cell, the activation in the function of lymphocyte, the acceptor related to macrophage antigen. In cell nucleus, substance related to GABA A receptor, protein associated with cAMP reactive element, substance related to complement system No.8 and to B-cell, protein substance related to polycystic kidney disease, substance related to inflammation, and the protein substance of influencing coagulation of blood. Through these results of analysis, it could obtain more useful materials in clarifying the mechanism of action in melittin and MCD peptide, which are in charge of mainly medical action in the abdomen. Also, it is thought that an in-depth study on the influence of main ingredients in Bee venom, the wholly honey bee venom aqua upon anti-allergic response or anti-inflammation are further required.