• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.573-584
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted with 10 men and women in their 50s-60s to investigate the effect of agro-healing activities on the improvement of mental health. Methods: The experimental group participated in total 8 sessions of agro-healing activities, once a week for 2 hours each, at a care farm in Wanju-gun. Physiological measurements were taken with an electroencephalogram (EEG), Salivettes samples, and blood pressure before and after the activities. Results: As a result of analyzing the changes in brainwaves of the experimental group before and after agro-healing activities, relative slow alpha (RSA), relative fast alpha (RFA), and ratio of alpha to high beta (RAHB), the indices of stability and relaxation, increased after the program with statistical significance. Also, the ratio of SMR to theta (RST) of the attention index increased on the right frontal lobes, temporal lobes, and left occipital lobes, and relative low beta (RLB) increasd on the frontal lobes, temporal lobes, and occipital lobes after the program with statistical significance. The sympathetic nervous system activity, which is a stress index, decreased after the program, whereas the parasympathetic nervous system activity, which is a relaxation index, increased, showing statistical significance (p < .05). As a result of analyzing the changes in blood pressure after the program, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure decreased from prehypertension to normal blood pressure, showing statistical significance. SThese results indicate that participating in agro-healing activities at a care farm for the 50-60s helps reduce stress and improve stability and relaxation as well as attention. Conclusion: Thus, developing and applying customized agro-healing programs for participants will have a positive effect on brain activity and psychophysiological improvement by relieving tension and stress. However, there are limitations in generalizing the results of this study since most of agro-healing farms have low accessibility that leads to a low level of participants.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2019

This study was conducted to find out the effects of plant cultivation activities in the village gardening program hosted by Gyeonggi-do on the psychology and physiology of participants. This study conducted a survey on 20 villagers aged 57.70±9.23 on average and collected their saliva before Session 1 and after the final Session 10. The experiment was conducted by carrying out the village gardening program once a week for total 10 weeks. Psychological assessment was conducted by measuring the level of plant cultivation experience, four elements (repose, fascination, coherence, legibility) of the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS) and stress levels, and also conducting the Wilcoxon paired signed ranks test. As the result of comparatively analyzing the saliva collected before and after the program, the total cortisol level, which is a stress hormone, decreased with statistical significance after the program (t=14.521, p<.001). The level of plant cultivation activities increased with statistical significance after the program, and the PRS increased with statistical significance in the three elements of repose, fascination and legibility excluding coherence. In addition, as the result of examining the change in the stress level of participants with the sum of all item scores, it was found that the stress level decreased with statistical significance (p<.05) from 17.65 points to 15.30 points after the program. Hence, plant cultivation activities in the village community have positive effects such as attention restoration or stress relief. In addition, the activities can also contribute to mental connection and healthcare of residents.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-45
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• 1989

This study aims at helping cerebrally palsied children to overcome and minimize their sufferings, inducing them to perform ordinary activities of daily living for themselves by coducting ADL Tests which are fundamental activities in daily life and presenting treatment plan for their overall rehabilitation and basic data for achieving the training objective. For that purpose, 173 cerebrally palsied children were selected and given ADL performance Tests from Dec. 1987 to Oct. 1988 and the following results were obtained. 1. Correlation coefficients for each ADL category indicated significant statistical value at .01 level. 2. Correlation coefficient between school-year variable and ADL category variable was significant at .01 level. 3. Correlation between age variable and ADL variable category proved significant at .01 level as well. 4. Correlation coefficients between each category in terms of functional state of extremities were significant at .01 level. 5. The difference in ADL achievements between each category by school year were as follows ; 1) In the category of meeting nature's tall, the age span of more than 4 school years showed statistical significance. 2) In the category of putting off and on clothing, the age span of 3 school years indicated statistical significance. 3) In taking meals statistical significance was found in the age span of 4 school years. 4) In finger movements the age span of more the 4 school years indicated statistical significance. 5) In walking activities statistical significance was noticed in the age span of 2 or 3 school years. Besides, in category by school year, and exceptional case was noticed that the 6th graders were lower than the 5th graders in self-reliance rate. 6. the difference in ADL achievements by type of palsy, children of triplegia were the lowest, while those of monoplegia were the highest. 7. The difference in ADL achievements by kind of palsy, patients of athetosis showed lower rate of self-reliance than those of spasticity, and particularly the latter showed a high rate of self-reliance in taking meals$(83.5\%)$. The former were relatively low in self-reliance and lowerst in meeting nature's call $(59.8\%)$.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-38
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• 1999

The effects of Sahyangsohapwon on the affective reactivity of rats were studied with open-field behavior. Sample group was treated with the medicine for 8 weeks, whereas control group was treated with the vehicle. The effects of Sahyangsohapwon on the enhancement of learning and memory of AD model rats were studied with two-way avoidance task. Sample group electrically lesioned on nbM(nucleus basalis of Meynert) was treated with the medicine for 8 weeks, whereas control group with nbM lesion and sham group with the sham operation were treated with the vehicle. 1. In the open-field behavior task, the start latency from start box was measured $27.08{\pm}7.51sec$ in control group, $23.15{\pm}5.98sec$ in sample group. Rats in sample group showed a tendency of shortened latency going out to a strange place compared with those in control group, but with no statistical significance(p>0.05). 2. In the open-field behavior task, the number of locomotion crossing the grid lines was measured $84.54{\pm}3.55$ in control group, $116.93{\pm}6.41$ in sample group. There was an increased locomotion in sample group compared with control group with statistical significance(p<0.01). This can be interpreted as rats in sample group showed lowerd anxiety under a strange environment. 3. In the open-field behavior task, the rearing number was measured $7.46{\pm}0.57$ in control group, $10.13{\pm}0.95$ in sample group. There was an increased rearing in sample group compared with control group with statistical significance(p<0.05). This can also be interpreted as rats in sample group showed lowerd anxiety under a strange environment. 4. In the open-field behavior task, the number of crossing behavior was measured $5.54{\pm}1.50$ in control group, $9.20{\pm}1.67$ in sample group. There was a increasing tendency of crossing behavior in sample group compared with control group, but with no statistical significance(p<0.05). 5. In the open-field behavior task, the total activity was measured $97.54{\pm}4.70$ in control group, $136.27{\pm}792$ in sample group. There was an increased total activity in sample group compared with control group with statistical significance(p<0.01). This can also be interpreted as rats in sample group showed lowerd anxiety under a strange environment. 6. In the analysis of effects on the learning and memory in AD model rats with two-way avoidance task, the response latency was measured $6717{\pm}134msec$ in the 1st session, $5416{\pm}160msec$ in the 2nd session, $5252{\pm}148msec$ in the 3rd session in control group. It was measured $6724{\pm}155msec$ in the 1st session, $4642{\pm}139msec$ in the 2nd session, $4914{\pm}148msec$ in the 3rd session in sample group and $4357{\pm}144msec$ in the 1st session, $3125{\pm}115msec$ in the 2nd session, $3091{\pm}98msec$ in the 3rd session in sham group. There were differences between sham group and nbM lesioned groups with statistical significance in post hoc analysis(p<0.000). And in the 2nd session, there was a reduction of latency in sample group compared with control group with statistical significance (p<0.000). This showed that sample group had better learning capacity than control group. 7. In the analysis of effects on the learning and memory in AD model rats with two-way avoidance task, the number of avoidance response was measured $5.85{\pm}1.41$ in the 1st session, $14.23{\pm}2.89$ in the 2nd session, $15.69{\pm}2.56$ in the 3rd session in control group. It was measured $7.92{\pm}1.94$ in the 1st session, $16.83{\pm}2.29$ in the 2nd session, $15.42{\pm}2.81$ in the 3rd session in sample group and $14.38{\pm}1.62$ in the 1st session, $22.88{\pm}0.89$ in the 2nd session, $23.88{\pm}1.64$ in the 3rd session in sham group. There were differences between sham group and nbM lesioned groups with statistical significance in post hoc analysis(p<0.001). But between control and sample group, there was no significant difference. With the experimental results above, Sahyangsohapwon can be supposed to have the enhancing effects on the affect reactivity and learning with memory of AD model rats induced by electrolyte injury of nbM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.111-123
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to prepare basic data necessary to develop uniform design by examining the uniforms of Korean and Chinese airline crew. Advanced research, various literature materials related to uniform, as well as a survey on the images portrayed by the different uniforms of the airlines were used as research method, and this was used to investigate its functions and components. The survey was conducted in Incheon International Airport and Gwangju airport from September 1st to 30th of 2013, - targeting 350 people consisting of Koreans, Chinese, and other nationalities who have the experience of using Korean and Chinese aircraft. The research findings are summarized as follows. First, the images of the uniforms were classified into 5 elements: attractiveness, activity, noticeability, femininity, and traditionality. The analysis showed that Korean uniforms, except for Jin Air, received high marks overall, while the Chinese uniforms received lower marks compared to their Korean counterparts. Second, the results were analyzed based on the nationality of the respondents. In regards to Korean airline crews, attractiveness, activity, noticeability, femininity, and traditionality showed statistical significance with Korean respondents, while the significance was seen in attractiveness, activity, femininity, and traditionality for the Chinese respondents. Femininity was the only feature with any significance for the third nation respondents. On the other hand, with regard to Chinese airline crew's uniform, Korean respondents showed statistical significance in the following features: attractiveness and traditionality, while the Chinese and the third nation respondents did not show any statistical significance in any of the elements.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.118-129
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• 2003

Objective : To learn the distributional characteristics of Sasang constitutions, Methods : We statistically analyzed those 1338 patients who had been treated at Iksan Wonkwang Oriental Medicine during the period of three years from 2000 to 2002. The data were obtained through the electronic chart developed by Kim Jong- Yeol, and analyzed using the statistical Package SPSS. Results : The distributional ratio of Soeumin : Soyangin : Taeumin was 22.8 : 29.2 : 47.8. Thus the hypothesis : 'the distributional ratio of Soeumin : Soyangin : Taeumin is 2 : 3 : 5' was barely rejected by $x^2$ test for goodness-of-fit at the significance level of 5 %. When $x^2$ test for homogeneity was applied, the distributional characteristics between women and men were different and the distributional characteristics among several age groups were different under significance level of 5%. Conclusion : Though the hypothesis: 'the distributional ratio of Soeumin : Soyangin : Taeumin is 2 : 3 : 5' was rejected by $x^2$ test at the significance level of 5%, the observed distributional ratio was not so far away from the hypothesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.41-51
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• 2020

This research is accomplished to verify objectively how flight instructor's transformative leadership affects student pilot's psychological stabilities and learning satisfactions. Flight instructor's transformative leadership factor divided into individual consideration, intellectual stimulus and charisma from exploring factor analysis. Psychological stability factor subdivided into happiness, concentration and satisfaction. Learning satisfaction factor subdivided into participation, recommendation, persistence, accomplishment and relationship. According to the analysis of flight instructor's transformative leadership effect on psychological stability, it showed that it has statistical significance on happiness, concentration and satisfaction. It also has positive influence on happiness and concentration. The result from regression analysis showed that individual consideration and charisma affected happiness and concentration in order. However, satisfaction from individual consideration, intellectual stimulus and charisma didn't show statistical significance to student pilot's satisfaction. Analysis of flight instructor's transformative leadership on student pilot's learning satisfaction showed statistical significance between them. Intellectual stimulus and charisma had positive influence on student pilot's learning satisfaction. Regression analysis showed charisma and intellectual affect student pilot's learning satisfaction in order.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 1998

This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effect of Soeuminsohabhyangwon on the mice in Cold and Swimming stress.In order to investigate the anti-stress effect of Soeuminsohabhyangwon in Cold and Swimming stressed mice, the serotonin contents were measured by HPLC method in various part of mouse brain The following results were observed. 1. In Cerebral Cortex of Frontal Lobe, the serotonin content was decreased in the Control group as compared with Normal group and the serotonin content was increased in the SHW group as compared with Control group. 2. In hypothalamus, the serotonin content was decreased in the Control group as compared with Normal group and the serotonin content was increased with statistical significance in the SHW group as compared with Control group. 3. In corpus striatum, the serotonin content was decreased in the Control group as compared with Normal group and the serotonin content was increased with statistical significance in the SHW group as compared with Control group. 4. In hippocampus, the serotonin content was decreased in the Control group as compared with Normal group and the serotonin content was increased with statistical significance in the SHW group as compared with control group.Base on the above results, it may be concluded that Soeuminsohabhyangwon are effective to reduce stress.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.43-49
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to the effects of temporomandibular joint movement restriction on treatment of SCM muscle pain. Methods: The Subjects(n=20) were males(n=7) and females(n=13) that had SCM muscle pain and movement restriction at one side oftemporomandibular joint. The massage and Taping performed on the SCM muscle during 4 weeks. The measured items of SCM pain were pressure-pain scale, DITI. The measured items of temporomandibular joint movement restriction were VAS, ROM, deviation. Results: SCM muscle of pressure-pain scale is lower in ipsilateral than counterlateral, But temperature is higher in ipsilateral than counterlateral. Pressure-pain scale was statistical significance (p<0.05). After studying, the pain and temperature of SCM muscle was decreased and statistical significance(p<0.05). After studying, VAS of Temporomandibular joint was decreased, ROM was increased, deviation was decreased. All of measured items of Before and after studying found a statistical significance(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that SCM muscle pain related TM joint pain and movement restriction. The patient with TM joint movement restriction that may take effect on reducing SCM muscle pain.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2014

Purpose. To analysis the refractive error in 7-9 year-old Korea children. Methods. From July 2013 to June 2014, two hundred eighty two subjects were performed in refraction test using the Auto-Refractometry. Results. The refractive error by spherical equivalent among all subjects was myopia 47.58%, emmetropia 42.35%, astigmatism 32.33%, and hyperopia 8.76%. Myopia was more common in female than males although the difference was not statically significant. The axis of astigmatism was with the rule in 65%, against the rule in 31.5%, and oblique in 3.5% There was a statistical significance between 7 year and 9 year of male in the spherical equivalent power(p=0.010). Also there was a statistical significance between 7 years and 9 years of female in the spherical equivalent power(p=0.036). However, there was not a statistical significance between male and female in spherical equivalent power(p>0.5). Conclusions. In this study, myopia was the most common refractive error. On the other hand, The prevalence of the axis of astigmatism was the with- the- rule. The spherical equivalent of refractive error was similar results between male and female. However The refractive error was different style with aging. these data suggested that the analysis of the refractive error at young children can provide the information of useful diagnosis for the correction of visual acuity.