• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to review articles related to PNF and easily provide information to readers who have difficulty reading papers or using PNF in clinics without a background in statistical knowledge. Methods: We used PubMed to collect papers on international studies and we conducted a search on April 28, 2014. Keywords used for the PubMed search were "PNF" and "Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation". The search results identified 765 papers that had been published since 1954. To target the papers for review, we selected 66 papers, excluding papers that were not published in online journals and papers that were written in a second language. Results: The reviewed papers consisted of studies that addressed basic principles and procedures, combined with other interventions, including PNF stretching concepts, and other diseases with PNF concepts. The articles related to basic procedures and principles reported on optimal contraction intensity, patterns, and irradiation. The articles related to stretching and strengthening reported on stretching the hamstring muscles in healthy subjects, in combination with other interventions such as neuromobilization, clinical massage, kinesio taping, and water immersion. The articles related to specific diseases reported on stroke, low back pain, athletic injury, total knee replacement, etc. Conclusion: In the 66 articles reviewed for this study, there was little evidence that PNF has therapeutic value. However, in future research on the application of PNF, investigators could conduct a more in-depth analysis of this topic and present more objective and useful information on the therapeutic benefits of PNF.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2013

This research explores the convergence of health care expenditure in Korea with different income groups and the world level by applying different concepts of convergence, including growth rates, trends, differences as well as rationality and statistical variation of health care expenditure. The empirical evidence shows that, in general, the health care expenditure in Korea seems to be on the right track in terms of both level and difference, given the fact that convergence exists with the expenditures of the high income group and the world level. It is also worth mentioning that the Korean public health care system has been performing much better than its private health care counterpart. Such a result suggests that the private health care system has to be more elaborately and systematically managed through the establishment of an operational policy to stimulate an increase in private health care expenditure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3587-3590
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• 2015

In spite of limited data regarding the safety or effectiveness of electronic cigarette introduced into the market as a healthier alternative to tobacco smoking, its popularity has increased enormously. E-cigarettes have penetrated the market rapidly owing to the elaborate marketing network and attractive marketing strategies. Stated advantages include the claim that they help quit smoking and produce less exposure than conventional smoking. The list of disadvantages is even more elaborate. While the majority of the studies supporting health claims and efficacy for quitting smoking are not scientifically sound, they are also challenged by studies providing contradictory results. Owing to the limited evidence on the potential advantages and disadvantages of e-cigarettes, the debate on their safety continues.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2006

Software reliability prediction is a statistical method to put in place a timely software development practice useful for objective assessment of bidders. The current study suggests one research method that enables reliability assessment of such previous projects by studying user satisfaction and project management history. If incorporated into the existing acquisition process, the reliability assessment method will further enhance objectivity and accuracy in bidder selection process. The GQM(Goal Question Metric) paradigm was used to identify assessment metrics for bidder evaluation and questionnaires were collected from users to create user satisfaction indexes. In addition, 'weight of evidence', the most appropriate categorical method, was used to isolate attributes of each variable that may contribute to reliability assessment.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.43-58
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• 2019

Since 2009, electricity consumption has developed a unique seasonal pattern in South Korea. Winter loads have sharply increased, and they eventually exceeded summer peaks. This trend reversal distinguishes these load patterns from those in the USA and the EU, where annual peaks are observed during the summer months. Using Levene's test, we show statistical evidence of a rise in temperature but a decrease in variance over time regardless of the season. Despite the overall increase in the temperature, regardless of the season there should be another cause of the increased demand for electricity in winter. With the present study using data from 1991 to 2012, we provide empirical evidence that relatively low electricity prices regulated by the government have contributed significantly to the rapid upward change in electricity consumption, specifically during the winter months in the commercial sector in Korea.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.697-712
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 우리나라 생명보험사들의 보험계약대출(약관대출) 수요에 대한 통계적 분석과 그 예측을 위한 확률모형을 개발하는 데 있다. 이를 위해, 먼저 대출 금리가 정책적 변화를 거친 1999~2008 기간 동안 우리나라 보험계약대출의 수요계열에 대한 추세, 주기성, 종속성 등 확률 및 통계적 특성을 파악하였다. 다음에, 교차상관분석을 통해 대출수요와 인과관계를 가질 수 있는 경제변수들과의 상호관련성을 밝히고, 특히 소비자 물가지수가 보험계약대출 수요를 선도하고 있음을 밝혔다. 마지막으로, 이러한 결과를 기초로 보험계약대출 수요의 예측을 위한 단변수모형 그리고 선도변수계열을 이용한 전이함수모형을 각각 완성하고 그 효과를 비교 평가하였다. 마지막으로 유도된 확률모형을 이용하여 보험계약대출 수요예측의 통계적 절차를 제안하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.725-738
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• 2010

사법 개혁의 일환으로 2009년 3월에 법학전문대학원(law school) 체제가 출발하여 향후 우리사회의 법적 풍토는 다양화 전문화 국제화의 방향으로 전환될 것으로 보인다. 이런 시류에 맞추어 $\ll$법(法)과 통계학$\gg$의 교과 교육, 통계적 방법론의 법 분야 응용, 관련 토픽에 대한 통계학 연구에 대한 시론과 예를 제시하고자 한다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2015

A permutation test is the popular and attractive alternative to derive asymptotic distributions of dimension test statistics in sufficient dimension reduction methodologies; however, recent studies show that a bootstrapping technique also can be used. We consider two types of bootstrapping dimension determination, which are partial and whole bootstrapping procedures. Numerical studies compare the permutation test and the two bootstrapping procedures; subsequently, real data application is presented. Considering two additional bootstrapping procedures to the existing permutation test, one has more supporting evidence for the dimension estimation of the central subspace that allow it to be determined more convincingly.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.149-167
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• 2005

The minimum disparity estimators introduced by Lindsay and Basu (1994) are studied empirically. An extensive simulation in this paper provides a location estimate of the small sample and supplies empirical evidence of the estimator performance for the univariate contaminated normal model. Empirical results show that the minimum generalized negative exponential disparity estimator (MGNEDE) obtains high efficiency for small sample sizes and dominates the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the minimum blended weight Hellinger distance estimator (MBWHDE) with respect to efficiency at the contaminated model.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.237-249
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• 1999

It has been issued that the irreconcilability of the classical test for a point null and standard Bayesian formulation for testing such a point null. The infimum of the posterior probability of the null hypothesis is used as measure of evidence against the null hypothesis in Bayesian approach; here the infimum is over the family of priors on the alternative hypotheses which includes all density that are a priori reasonable. For iid observations from a multivariate normal distribution in $\textit{p}$ dimensions with an unknown mean and a covariance matrix propotional to the Identity we consider the difference and the Wolfowitz distance of the distributions of the P-value and the lower bound of the posterior probability over the family of all normal priors. The Wolfowitz distance is interpreted as the average difference of the quantiles of the two distrbutions.