• 제목/요약/키워드: standard regulations

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Evaluation of Structural Safety for Hydrogen Tube Trailer Considering Dynamic Property (동적 특성을 고려한 수소 튜브 트레일러의 구조 안전성 평가)

  • Y. B. Kim;M. G. Kim;D. C. Ko
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.169-177
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    • 2024
  • Recently, hydrogen energy has been widely used because of strict regulations on greenhouse gas emissions. For using the hydrogen energy, it is required to supply hydrogen through a tube trailer. However hydrogen tube trailer can have excessive load problems during transportation due to reasons such as road shape and driving method, which may lead a risk of hydrogen leakage. So it is necessary to secure a high level of safety. The purpose of this study is to evaluate structural safety for the conservative design of hydrogen tube trailer. First, finite element(FE) modeling of the designed hydrogen tube trailer was performed. After that, safety evaluation method was established through static structural simulation based on the standard GC207 conditions. In addition, effectiveness of the designed model was confirmed through the results of the structural safety evaluation. Finally, driving simulation was used to derive acceleration graph according to time, which was considered as a dynamic property for the evaluation of conservative tube trailer safety evaluation. And dynamic structural simulation was conducted as a condition for actual transportation of tube trailer by applying dynamic properties. As a results, conservative safety was evaluated through dynamic structural simulation and the safety of hydrogen tube trailer was confirmed through satisfaction of the safety rate.

A Study of Vibration Analysis of 100 MPa Class Fitting Thread for Mobile Hydrogen Charging Station (이동식 수소 충전 장비용 100 MPa급 고압 피팅의 진동 해석)

  • JUNYEONG KWON;SEUNGJUN OH;JUNGHWAN YOON;JEONGJU CHOI
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.83-89
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    • 2024
  • In order to confirm the safety against vibration of high-pressure fittings for mobile hydrogen charging devices, the natural frequency was confirmed through ANSYS, and vibration data occurring during driving was applied to utilize the vehicle's operating power spectral density data specified in MIL-STD-810H regulations. Fatigue analysis and resonance were confirmed, and as a result, it was confirmed that the sum of the pure phase ratios was less than 1 for the driving history presented in the standard, and there was no risk of resonance.

Measures of International Standardization in Korean Landscape Drawing Practice (한국 조경제도의 국제표준화 방안)

  • Kim, Min-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.52-63
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    • 2009
  • WTO/TBT aims to reduce impediments to trade resulting from differences between national regulations and standards. Where international standards exist or their completion is imminent, the Code of Good Practice says that standardizing bodies should use them, or the relevant parts of them, as a basis for any standards they develop. Drawing is a formal and precise way of communicating information about the shape, size and, features. In addition, drawing is a part of the universal language of engineering. However there are many differences between international landscape drawing standard ISO 11091 and Korean landscape drawing practice(KLDP). The result of a comparison of ISO 11091 with KLDP and suggestions for international standardization of KLDP are summarized as follows. First, Among the 33 kinds of conventions from ISO 11091, 2 similar kinds and 15 different kinds from KLDP and 16 kinds of conventions which exist only in ISO 11091 appeared-for the international standardization of KLDP, it is necessary to make an extensive alteration of KLDP. Second, Europe Unity countries accepted ISO 11091 and are using it as their national standard for landscape drawing. Even Japan has accepted ISO 11091 on their civil engineering drawings and is using it as their national standard. Therefore, we need to hasten KS standard enactment based on ISO 1091. Third, For the KS standard of construction drawings, the degree of international standardization is rising even though there are still differences from the ISO standard. Therefore, since the burden on the international standardization of KLDP is expected to be weighed, preparations should be quickly brought about in the practice fields. Fourth, Since in the landscape planting ordinances of local independent governments is the standard presented by categorizing trees into evergreen and deciduous, such parts should be modified and introduced when enacting the KS standard based on ISO 11091. Fifth, For the enactment of the KS standard for landscape drawings, a wide range of opinions should be collected by the relevant landscape organization by installing a committee, and based on its recommendation, an application for the KS standard enactment of landscape drawing should be made to the chief of Ministry of Knowledge Economy.

Evolution of Aviation Safety Regulations to cope with the concept of data-driven rulemaking - Safety Management System & Fatigue Risk Management System

  • Lee, Gun-Young
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.345-366
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    • 2018
  • Article 37 of the International Convention on Civil Aviation requires that rules should be adopted to keep in compliance with international standards and recommended practices established by ICAO. As SARPs are revised annually, each ICAO Member State needs to reflect the new content in its national aviation Acts in a timely manner. In recent years, data-driven international standards have been developed because of the important roles of aviation safety data and information-based legislation in accident prevention based on human factors. The Safety Management System and crew Fatigue Risk Management Systems were reviewed as examples of the result of data-driven rulemaking. The safety management system was adopted in 2013 with the introduction of Annex 19 and Chapter 5 of the relevant manual describes safety data collection and analysis systems. Through analysis of safety data and information, decision makers can make informed data-driven decisions. The Republic of Korea introduced Safety Management System in accordance with Article 58 of the Aviation Safety Act for all airlines, maintenance companies, and airport corporations. To support the SMS, both mandatory reporting and voluntary safety reporting systems need to be in place. Up until now, the standard of administrative penal dispensation for violations of the safety management system has been very weak. Various regulations have been developed and implemented in the United States and Europe for the proper legislation of the safety management system. In the wake of the crash of the Colgan aircraft, the US Aviation Safety Committee recommended the US Federal Aviation Administration to establish a system that can identify and manage pilot fatigue hazards. In 2010, a notice of proposed rulemaking was issued by the Federal Aviation Administration and in 2011, the final rule was passed. The legislation was applied to help differentiate risk based on flight according to factors such as the pilot's duty starting time, the availability of the auxiliary crew, and the class of the rest facility. Numerous amounts data and information were analyzed during the rulemaking process, and reflected in the resultant regulations. A cost-benefit analysis, based on the data of the previous 10 year period, was conducted before the final legislation was reached and it was concluded that the cost benefits are positive. The Republic of Korea also currently has a clause on aviation safety legislation related to crew fatigue risk, where an airline can choose either to conform to the traditional flight time limitation standard or fatigue risk management system. In the United States, specifically for the purpose of data-driven rulemaking, the Airline Rulemaking Committee was formed, and operates in this capacity. Considering the advantageous results of the ARC in the US, and the D4S in Europe, this is a system that should definitely be introduced in Korea as well. A cost-benefit analysis is necessary, and can serve to strengthen the resulting legislation. In order to improve the effectiveness of data-based legislation, it is necessary to have reinforcement of experts and through them prepare a more detailed checklist of relevant variables.

A Study on the Effect of the Changes of Play Facilities on Rules Changes - Focusing on the City of Seoul - (관련법규 변천이 아파트단지 내 어린이놀이터 변화에 미치는 영향 연구 - 서울시 소재 현장을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Dong-Chan;Suh, Joo-Hwan;Park, You-Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.26-35
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    • 2009
  • This study is an analysis of the design changes of children's play facilities and the related rules and regulations which causes these changes. Accordingly, it is noticed that a site's change of design by legislation and by yearly alternation influences playground design. First, after revising the provisions for the distance from roads and parking lots, the constructing of safety fences between play facilities and the using of durable materials, alterations of the designs have been made a reality. Second, the design changes after the period of regulation transitions were caused by provisions related to the shelter of evergreens and conditions of the sun. Third, the changes of the playgrounds were related to the substitution of exercise facilities for the local residents and in carrying out a hygiene exam more than twice a year. Because a lack of regulatory standards for the design of playgrounds resulted in compliance based on individual interpretation and because a substitution of exercise facilities is part of the way to alleviate these regulations, the conditions of the site under investigation could be projeced. By such changes of regulations and analysis of alterations of playground design, programs for improvement were suggested. It turned out that the composition of the concrete standard in conformity with regulations required closer observance. Moreover, design standards for children's playgrounds are needed, such as the provision of variation in external appearance, the creation of more flexible layouts and the outlining of spaces by themes.

Analysis of Changes in Forest According to Urban Expansion Pattern and Morphological Features - Focused on Seoul and Daegu - (도시의 공간 확장 및 형태적 특징에 따른 산림녹지의 변화 분석 - 서울, 대구를 중심으로 -)

  • Ryu, Jieun;Hwang, Jinhoo;Lee, Junhee;Chung, Hye-In;Lee, Kyung-il;Choi, Yu-Young;Zhu, Yongyan;Sung, Min-Jun;Jang, Raeik;Sung, Hyun-Chan;Jeon, Seongwoo;Kang, Jin-Yung
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.33 no.5_3
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    • pp.835-854
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    • 2017
  • Government regulations and policies are important means of restraining the indiscreet expansion of urban areas. According to the standards from those means, it is clear that the fluctuation of forest green proportion encroached by the increase of urban space is obvious. In this study, we interpreted the changes of urban areas as well as the green ones owing to the urban expansion by the decades from 1996, with focusing on the cities of Seoul and Daegu highly developed in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial expansion and morphological characteristics of urban land cover using not only satellite imageries (1996, 2006, 2016). but also the urban expansion intensity index (UEII) and GUIDOS program. Ultimately, this study is to compare the changes in the rate of forests due to urban expansions annually analyzed based on areas of forest elevation, slope, and the area of single forest patch. In Seoul, the expansion begun from urban space to suburban areas was comparatively rapid, which led the forest fragmentation and the gradual decline of the single patch. However, when it comes to DEM (Digital elevation model) and slope above a certain standard, by the development regulations, there was little decrease in area by anthropogenic developments. The city of Daegu has increased at a slow speed since 1996 in urban and suburban areas, whereas green forests have greatly increased through green forest conservation campaigns. In this way, as to the government policies and regulations, the quantitative and morphological expansion of cities owing to development could be controlled and forest spaces could be preserved as well. Therefore, regulations and policies by the government should be appropriately utilized for sustainable cities.

Supercargo and Temporary Passengers (화물관리인과 임시승선자)

  • Choi, Suk-Yoon;Hong, Sung-Hwa;Ha, Chang-Woo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2018.11a
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    • pp.225-227
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    • 2018
  • This research paper examines the history and present of 'temporary passengers' prescribed in Paragraph 9 of Article 5 of the Ships Safety Act Enforcement Regulations and suggests improvement plans referring to the examples of legislation of other countries. In 2015, Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries made authoritative interpretation that Paragraph 9 of Article 5 of the Ships Safety Act Enforcement Regulations, which prescribes special cargo drivers such as agricultural, marine or livestock vehicles as temporary passengers, is applied only to passenger ships and not to cargo ships such including Ro-Ro cargo ships. As the authoritative interpretation of the Ministry does not agree with not only the traditional interpretational methodology but also the interpretational methodology that are commonly used today, it lacks logical basis and looks unpersuasive. Paragraph 9 of Article 5 of the Ships Safety Act Enforcement Regulations can be applied not only on passenger ships but also on cargo ships. Also in case of Ro-Ro cargo ships, it is logically contradictory and against fairness not to acknowledge special cargo vehicle drivers as temporary passengers when there is no problem with safe navigation and safety of passengers on board even when the sailor, the sailor's family and the ship owner may be acknowledged as temporary passengers. To avoid unnecessary disputes and lawsuits, improvement plans using theory of legislation through statutory reform is more desirable. Therefore, the P aragraph should be amended to "Supercargo who deals with cargo that requires special care due to the characteristics of the cargo, such as transportation vehicles for agricultural products, marine products, livestock, explosives or flammable materials (drivers can serve as supercargos)" to reflect the distinct characteristics of cargo and ship navigation in Korea including the current distribution system, while setting an objective standard based on common sense of ordinary people and not on arbitrary interpretation.

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"A Study on Hebrews Clothing in the Old Testament" - Especially on Hair Styles, Headgears, Footwear and Personal Ornaments - (구약성서(舊約聖書)에 나타난 히브리인의 복식(服飾) - 두식(頭飾), 신발 및 장신구(裝身具) 중심(中心)으로 -)

  • Park, Chan-Boo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.10
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    • pp.63-80
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    • 1986
  • The Old Testament cotains mention of the history of creation and clothing in ancient Hebrew. This study dealt with Hebrew dress customs especially aimed at the manners of their hair styles, headgears, footwear and personal ornaments. References are Korean Revised Version, English King James Version and Revised Standard Version. There is little mention of hair styles and headgears in the Old Testament. Some sort of turban was worn by priests, and soldiers protected themselves with helmets, but most Israelitish men went bareheaded except on special occasions and often wear simple headbands. It was more common for women to use headwear of some type-turbans, scarves, and veils concealing the face. The veil was the distinctive female wearing apparel. All females, with the exception of maidservants and women in a low condition of life, wore a veil. It was the custom for women to wear a veil entirely covering their head in the public. Through most of the Old Testament periods long and thick hair was admired on men and women alike. The Hebrews were proud to have thick and abundant long hair, and they gave much attention to the care of their hair. The caring of hair was deeply related to their rituals. Nazirites never took a razor to their hair during his vow-days, but instead let it grow long, as an offering to God. Men would not cut their beards, but allow them to grow long. The Israelites' standard footwear was a pair of simple leather sandals. This was one of the items of clothing not highly prized. In a colloquial saying of the time, a pair of shoes signified something of small value, and to be barefoot except in times of mourning or on holy place, was a sign either of extreme poverty or humiliation, as in the case of war prisoners. Because precious stones were not mined in the Palestine-Syria region, Hebrews imported them from foreign country. They were consumer-to a large degree limited by their very modest standard of living-but not producers. Hebrews liked the precious stones and were motivated to acquire and wear jewels. Besides their use for adornment and as gifts, the precious or semiprecious stones were regarded by Jews of property. The Hebrews were not innovators in the field of decorative arts. The prohibition of the Law against making any "graven image" precluded the development of painting, sculpture, and other forms of representational art. Jewish men did not indulge in extravagances of dress, and there was little ornamentation among them. Men wore a signet ring on their right hand or sometimes suspended by a cord or chain around the neck. The necklaces, when worn by a male, also bore any symbol of his authority. Bracelets were extremely popular with both men and women, men usually preferring to wear them on their upper arms. The girdle was a very useful part of a man's clothing. It was used as a waist belt, or used to fasten a man's sword to his body, or served as a pouch in which to keep money and other things. Men often carried a cane or staff, which would be ornamented at the top. Among the women there was more apt to be ornamentation than among the men. Hebrew women liked to deck themselves with jewels, and ornamentation of the bride were specially luxurious and numerous. They wore rings on their fingers or On toes, ankle rings, earrings, nosering, necklace, bracelets. Their shapes were of cresent, waterdrops, scarab, insect, animal or plant. Sometimes those were used as amulets. They were made of ceramics, gold, silver, bronze, iron, and various precious stones which were mostly imported from Egypt and Sinai peninsular. Hebrews were given many religious regulations by Moses Law on their hair, headgears, sandals and ornamentation. Their clothing were deeply related with their customs especially with their religions and rituals. Hebrew religion was of monotheism and of revealed religion. Their religious leaders, the prophets who was inspired by God might need such many religious regulations to lead the idol oriented people to God through them.

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A Case Study on the Construction of 3D Geo-spatial Information for Digital Twin Implementation (디지털 트윈 구현을 위한 3차원 공간정보 구축사례 연구)

  • KIM, Seung-Yub;LEE, Ho-Hyun;CHOI, Eun-Soo;GO, Je-Ung
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.146-160
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    • 2020
  • In the 4th industrial revolution, research on solving urban problems using ICT technology is emerging. Representatively, research is being conducted mainly focusing on smart cities. 3D geo-spatial. Various case studies on smart cities are being conducted to solve urban problems, and in order to effectively implement smart cities, it is implemented on the basis of a digital twin interconnecting physical and virtual environments. To implement a digital twin, the concept of space is essential, and spatial information that composes the real world is also essential. Therefore, in order to implement the digital twin, this study conducted a study on the construction and modeling of 3D geo-spatial information based on the national spatial information establishment regulations and the international standard CityGML for buildings, water facilities, and transportation facilities in Jeonju. In Jeonju, the research area, the LOD was defined, and the possibility of digital twin based on geo-spatial information was determined through data collection, analysis, and construction for each detail. In this study, it is meaningful that a plan to construct geo-spatial information for the implementation of a digital twin is presented, and the result of the construction is modeled as an urban standard model. The results of study are expected to be used as reference for detailed construction plans and standard establishment by governments and local governments promoting smart city and digital twin construction in the future.

Rearrangement of the Designated Area and Modification of Features of Buryeongsa Valley as a Scenic Site (불영사계곡의 명승 지정구역 조정 및 현상변경 방안 연구)

  • Ahn, Seung-Hong;Hong, Youn-Soon;Kim, Hak-Beom
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.48-56
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    • 2010
  • Since ancient times, Korea has been called a land of beauty. Scenic sites under the Cultural Properties Protection Act include picturesque places that are famous for their natural scenic beauty as well as their historical and cultural value. Scenic sites are managed as natural assets to promote their preservation and use. However, the management of scenic sites can produce adverse effects on regional development and ownership rights. Moreover, the purpose of their designation as cultural assets is not fully understood because scenic sites are managed by focusing on restraint on users' act the same as was applied to historic sites. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to protect inhabitants' rights of ownership by arranging the boundaries of designated areas and by providing standard permission for condition changes in the Buryeongsa Valley, which was designated as a Scenic Site in 1979. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, arranging the boundaries of the designated area includes the arrangement of the edge lines standardized on the visual range of the mountain ridge, preventing the loss of landscape beauty in the designated district; the internal clearing district focuses on the existing settlement. Gearing the designated areas after the arrangement of the boundaries results in $11,928,932m^2$, 38.6% compared to the existing designated areas. Second, it establishes a 500m buffer zone inside the radius of the boundary of the cultural asset as a standard for condition changes that seriously affect landscape preservation. Third, the standards for permission on building 'height regulations' are divided into flat and gable, according to the roof shape. The adopted standard is 8m high for 2 story flat roofs, and 12m high for 2 story gable roofs.