• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2009년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.193-198
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• 2009

It is an important issue in cost management to contract with the standard of cost estimate by the reasonable way in public construction projects. For the standard of cost estimate based on the Standard Estimating System, there is a difference of labor inputs between Standard Estimating System and actual quantities in construction projects. The duration of form work in multi-family housing depends on the manpower compared with other work, which is the critical path on the schedule management to be decided quality, and is the important to the cost management of construction projects. This study presented a simulation model of the productivity analysis for selecting the standard work type of form work in Multi-family housing construction projects.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.770-779
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• 2019

Video coding technologies are progressively becoming more efficient and complex. The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is a new state-of-the art video compression standard that is going to be a standard, as the next generation of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. To explore the future video coding technologies beyond the HEVC, numerous efficient methods have been adopted by the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET). Since then, the next generation video coding standard named as VVC and its software model called VVC Test Model (VTM) have emerged. In this paper, several important coding features for motion estimation and motion compensation in the VVC standard is introduced and analyzed in terms of the performance. Improved coding tools introduced for ME and MC in VVC, can achieve much better and good balance between coding efficiency and coding complexity compared with the HEVC.

• 한국전자거래학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자거래학회 1999년도 종합학술대회발표논문집
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• pp.75-84
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• 1999

CALS is a strategy to share integrated product data through a set of standards to achieve efficiencies in business and operational mission areas. In this research, we first studied current status for CALS standard and then analyzed the case of US DoD. The results can be summarized as implementing for two major standard in defense CALS system. They are STEP and XML. Our recommendations can be used to set direction for CALS standard implementation and standard selection process.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.913-920
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• 2011

Distribution systems for operating the various systems should be operated organically. Distribution systems for organic operations extend the functionality of the system and system integration for the extension is doing. However, in systems integration for each unique non-standard definition of linkage and exchange systems are used. Non-standard definition of a unique linkage and exchange systems in the maintenance and expansion will result in many negative results. To solve these problems, the system and the exchange of information about the links between systems should define standards. IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) power to solve these problems in the field of the Common Information Model (Common Information Model, CIM) standard (IEC61970, IEC61968) is defined as the transmission and distribution system integration and standardization for the exchange of information. In this paper, standardized system for building CIM-based distribution automation system should describe the process of building. In addition, the process of establishing a common information model needed (CIM) defined and associated services for a defined set of models is proposed in the standardization process.

• 대기
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2010

The Urban Canopy Model (UCM) implemented in WRF model is applied to improve urban meteorological forecast for fine-scale (about 1-km horizontal grid spacing) simulations over the city of Seoul. The results of the surface air temperature and wind speed predicted by WRF-UCM model is compared with those of the standard WRF model. The 2-m air temperature and wind speed of the standard WRF are found to be lower than observation, while the nocturnal urban canopy temperature from the WRF-UCM is superior to the surface air temperature from the standard WRF. Although urban canopy temperature (TC) is found to be lower at industrial sites, TC in high-intensity residential areas compares better with surface observation than 2-m temperature. 10-m wind speed is overestimated in urban area, while urban canopy wind (UC) is weaker than observation by the drag effect of the building. The coupled WRF-UCM represents the increase of urban heat from urban effects such as anthropogenic heat and buildings, etc. The study indicates that the WRF-UCM contributes for the improvement of urban weather forecast such nocturnal heat island, especially when an accurate urban information dataset is provided.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.1365-1371
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• 2008

Based on the data obtained from field investigation and soil testing to slope hazards occurrence section and non-occurrence section in gneiss area, a prediction technique was developed by the use of a decision tree model. The slope hazards data of Seoul and Kyonggi Province were 104 sections in gneiss area. The number of data applied in developing prediction model was 61 sections except a vacant value. The statistical analyses using the decision tree model were applied to the entrophy index. As the results of analyses, a slope angle, a degree of saturation and an elevation were selected as the classification standard. The prediction model of decision tree using entrophy index is most likely accurate. The classification standard of the selected prediction model is composed of the slope angle, the degree of saturation and the elevation from the first choice stage. The classification standard values of the slope angle, the degree of saturation and elevation are $17.9^{\circ}$, 52.1% and 320m, respectively.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

This paper is on the premise that we need objective and measurable researches on quality evaluation of serious game for users' correct selection of games fitting for their purposes, for development of competitive high-quality game, and for stable growth of game industry. At first, we looked into various characteristics of serious game, read the present situation of game market, and proposed the necessity of quality evaluating model for serious game. To guarantee the objectivity of the proposed models, we compared and analyzed various proposals of standard model on the basis of international standard quality-evaluating model, ISO/IEC 9126 S/W. And so we extracted quality-evaluating items for serious game that composed of 8 evaluating areas and 25 sub-attributes, and presented quality-evaluating indices of each area. The proposed quality-evaluating model was added 2 areas and 8 sub-attributes to the international standard model, and the validity of the extracted items' was verified by expert group's questionnaire. Accordingly, we expect that this paper will increase game users' satisfaction, promote the development of high-quality games, and contribute to continuous growth in serious game market.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.248-262
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• 2004

Turbulence models are separately assessed for a three dimensional thermal-hydraulic analysis of the integral reactor SMART. Seven models (mixing length, k-l, standard $k-{\epsilon},\;k-{\epsilon}-f{\mu},\;k-{\epsilon}-v2$, RRSM, and ERRSM) are investigated for flat plate channel flow, rotating channel flow, and square sectioned U-bend duct flow. The results of these models are compared to the DNS data and experiment data. The results are assessed in terms of many aspects such as economical efficiency, accuracy, theorization, and applicability. The standard $k-{\epsilon}$ model (high Reynolds model), the $k-{\epsilon}-v2$ model, and the ERRSM (low Reynolds models) are selected from the assessment results. The standard $k-{\epsilon}$ model using small grid numbers predicts the channel flow with higher accuracy in comparison with the other eddy viscosity models in the logarithmic layer. The elliptic-relaxation type models, $k-{\epsilon}-v2$, and ERRSM have the advantage of application to complex geometries and show good prediction for near wall flows.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.607-612
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• 2007

사업 초기 단계에서의 정확한 공사비 예측은 각각의 대안을 비교하여 향후 공사비에 대한 정보를 제공함으로써 효율적인 예산수립을 가능하게 한다. 하지만 사업 초기 단계에는 공사비 산정 기준이 모호하고 가용 정보가 부족함에 따라 공사비 예측에 한계가 나타난다. 더욱이 현행 공사비 산정모델이 단위 길이당 공사비를 활용한 선형적이고 단순한 모델을 활용함에 따라 예측의 정확도에 한계를 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 공사비 산정모델의 한계를 개선하고 사업 초기 단계에서 가용한 데이터를 활용할 수 있는 공사비 산정 모델의 Framework를 구축하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 국내외 개략공사비 산정 모델을 분석하였으며, 기존 도로공사의 공사비 분석자료를 토대로 노선선정 등 사업초기 단계에서 활용 가능한 도로공사 개략공사비 산정모델의 Framework를 제시하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

중 소형 어항에서 한정된 해양경찰자원으로 수요자 중심의 고품질 해양경찰 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 현장 서비스 표준 모델 개발을 목적으로 어업관련 업무를 영역별로 분석하고 어업종사자의 친숙도를 조사하였다. 또한 표본항으로 녹동항을 선정하여 해양경찰 파출소에 대한 치안수요와 업무량을 정량적으로 분석하고 업무성취도를 도출하였다. 시사점과 분석결과를 바탕으로 어항 현장 업무 표준 모형을 구성하고 역할중심 조직인 해양경찰대 조직구성과 업무 수요량 기반 자원방안을 제안하였다. 또한 수요자의 만족도 제고와 업무성취도 향상을 위한 교육프로그램을 제시하였다.