• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2006

There have been great demands for higher density SRAM in all area of SRAM applications, such as mobile, network, cache, and embedded applications. Therefore, aggressive shrinkage of 6 T Full CMOS SRAM had been continued as the technology advances. However, conventional 6 T Full CMOS SRAM has a basic limitation in the cell size because it needs 6 transistors on a silicon substrate compared to 1 transistor in a DRAM cell. The typical cell area of 6 T Full CMOS SRAM is $70{\sim}90\;F^2$, which is too large compared to $8{\sim}9\;F^2$ of DRAM cell. With 80 nm design rule using 193 nm ArF lithography, the maximum density is 72 Mbits at the most. Therefore, pseudo SRAM or 1 T SRAM, whose memory cell is the same as DRAM cell, is being adopted for the solution of the high density SRAM applications more than 64 M bits. However, the refresh time limits not only the maximum operation temperature but also nearly all critical electrical characteristics of the products such as stand_by current and random access time. In order to overcome both the size penalty of the conventional 6 T Full CMOS SRAM cell and the poor characteristics of the TFT load cell, we have developed S3 cell. The Load pMOS and the Pass nMOS on ILD have nearly single crystal silicon channel according to the TEM and electron diffraction pattern analysis. In this study, we present $S^3$ SRAM cell technology with 100 nm design rule in further detail, including the process integration and the basic characteristics of stacked single crystal silicon TFT.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

본 연구는 경기도 가평지역에 조성한 잣나무 차대검정림을 대상으로 가계별 영양생장에 미치는 생리적 특성을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 연구대상지의 18년생 잣나무 차대검정림의 가계별 생장은 평균수고 5.9m, 평균흉고직경은 8.9cm, 평균흉고단면적은 $12.0m^2$, ha당 평균재적은 $46.5m^3$였다. 전체 25개 가계의 생장을 상 중 하로 구분한 결과 가장 우수한 생장을 보인 가계는 20번 가계였으며, 평균적인 생장을 보인 가계는 10번 가계, 그리고 가장 저조한 생장을 보인 가계는 3번 가계로 판명되었다. 이러한 가계별 생장특성은 광도 증가에 따fms 잣나무의 제철별 광합성속도의 변화와 일치하는 경향을 보였으며, 이는 4계절(겨울 봄 여름 가을) 모두 동일한 결과를 보였다. 계절별 광합성 분석결과에 의하면 겨울에서 봄을 지나 여름으로 갈수록 광합성속도가 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 엽록소 함량도 계절별로 같은 경향을 보였다. 특히 생장이 가장 우수한 20번 가계가 다른 가계들보다도 높은 엽록소 함량을 나타냈으며 엽장(葉長), 침엽의 두께, 동화 기관(同化器官)의 중량 및 기공 수에서도 더 높은 값을 나타내었다. 반면에 수분이용 효율은 모든 계절에서 가장 생장이 저조한 3번 가계가 다른 가계보다 높게 나타나 광합성과는 반대의 경향을 보였으며, 계절별로는 겨울철에서 생장기간인 봄철 및 여름철을 경과하면서 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2010

본 연구는 동백나무림으로부터 거리별 산림군집의 생태적 특성을 파악하여 난대상록활엽수림의 생태적 천이에 관한 기초정보를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 층위별 중요치 분석 결과, 교목층은 조사구- I에서는 동백나무, 그 외 조사구에서는 해송과 소나무의 중요치가 가장 높았다. 아교목층에서 중요치가 가장 높은 수종은 조사구- I은 동백나무, 조사구- II, III은 참식나무, 조사구 IV는 때죽나무였다. 전조사지에서 종다양도는 교목층이 0.121-0.515로 낮고 관목층이 1.112-1.589로 높게 나타났으며, 균재도는 아교목층 0.811- 0.930, 관목층 0.796-0.913으로 교목층 0.155-0.727에 비해 높게 나타나 종별 개체수의 분포상태가 균일하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 토양 pH는 조사구- I이 5.72로 가장 높았으며, 전질소, 유효인산, 치환성양이온 함량도 다른 조사구에 비해 조사구- I이 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 복식
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• 제57권7호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to research on concept, consisting factors, and specialties of theme park' character costumes to understand better about character costumes as well as to establish fundamental research data. The characteristics of character costumes in the theme park are as follows. First, theme park' character costumes are personified so that visitors may feel friendly and have emotional communication with them. Specially, costume that anthropomorphize an animal(85.3%) and silhouette of lozenge style(86.8%) dominated the highest weight. Animal figures are walking upright and wearing human's clothes. They communicate with visitors using mime actions. Second, various types of body proportion is applied to highlight the characteristics of character costume. Most character costumes are applied with unrealistic body proportion. This unrealistic body proportion give abnormal image and looks funny. The important factor is size of their head. Especially, 3.5 body proportion(78.9%) is general. Third, simplification, exaggeration, shrinkage, and modification are other factors. Simplification is applied differently by parts. Pocket, collar details are simplified to clarify the character's image. More simplification can lead to ommission. For their head, peculiar parts look stand out but other parts are simplified to stress their characteristics. Exaggeration is used with shrinkage to give strong impression to visitors. Forms are broken intentionally and they are modified. They look impressive because they are not harmonized. It is unexpected image and induces humor and familiar feelings. Matter of stylization includes exaggeration, shrinkage, modification and movement of actors that have tangible factor of character costume.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.152-159
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 교류전압 인가시 모의 GIS내에 존재하는 금속이물의 거동현상에 대해 연구하였다. 평행평판 전극을 내장한 가스챔버를 설계·제작하고, 전국내 선형 및 구형의 금속이물에 대해 부상전압을 계산 및 측정하였다. 또한 각각의 금속이물에 대전되는 전하량을 계산하였다. 고속카메라를 이용하여 금속이물의 종류 및 인가전압에 따른 거동양상과 부상시간, 부상높이 등의 거동특성을 분석하였다. 전계인가시 금속이물의 대전 전하량은 금속이물의 크기에 따라 증가하며, 부상전압은 서형 및 구형 금속이물의 직경에 큰 양형을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 금속이물의 부상이후 부상전압 부근의 전압에서의 선형 금속이물은 후 전극과 거의 수직인 상태로 상하 왕복운동을 하며, 거의 수직상태로 움직이는 거동 형태를 나타내었다. 절연파괴전압에 가까운 전압에서는 금속이물은 부상 중에 수회 수직회전을 반복하며, 장시간 부유하였다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.75-89
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study measured the impact of a 12-week fall-prevention exercise program on balance, ambulatory ability, lower limb strength, and psychosocial characteristics in older adults diagnosed with dementia. METHODS: The participants comprised 31 older adults (9 men, 22 women) diagnosed with Alzheimer's or vascular dementia at a long-term care hospital located in Gunsan City. A fall-prevention exercise program was provided to the experimental group, while the control group was only provided with instruction and materials related to the fall-prevention exercise program. The participants were evaluated before the intervention, 6 weeks after the intervention, and 12 weeks after the intervention on static and dynamic balance abilities (using Timed Up and Go test: TUG, Tinetti-balance scale, one-leg standing test: OLS), gait (Tinetti-balance scale, 6-minute walk test: 6MWT), lower limb strength (sit to stand test; STS), and psychosocial characteristics (Short Form 36 Health Survey-Korean version, Korean Mini-Mental State Exam). RESULTS: An independent samples t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for the statistical analysis. There were statistically significant improvements after the intervention (p<.05) in dynamic balance abilities (TUG and OLS using the left foot), gait (6MWT), and lower limb strength (STS) for the experimental group, but not for the control group. No difference was seen in psychosocial characteristics. CONCLUSION: Older adults with dementia who participated in the fall-prevention exercise program showed significant improvements in their static and dynamic balance abilities, lower limb strength, and ambulatory ability after the intervention.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권2호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2011

본 연구는 밤나무림, 소나무림 개벌조림지로 이용되고 있는 산지소유역에서 임상별 계류수질의 차이와 변화를 분석하고, 이를 먹는물 수질기준과의 비교를 통하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 세 임분의 계류수 pH는 소나무임분(pH 7.18) >밤나무임분(pH 6.90) >개벌조림지(pH 6.82) 순으로 나타났다. 전기전도도는 개벌조림지 >밤나무임분 >소나무임분의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 양이온은 세 조사구의 계류수 모두 $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^{+}$, $NH_{4}{^{+}}$의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 음이온은 밤나무임분과 소나무임분 계류수에서는 $SO_{4}{^{2-}}$, $Cl^{-}$, $NO_{3}{^{-}}$의 순으로 높게 나타났으나, 개벌조림지 계류수에서는 $SO_{4}{^{2-}}$, $NO_{3}{^{-}}$, $Cl^{-}$의 순으로 높게 나타나 차이를 보이고 있다. 세 조사구의 계류수 간에 차이를 살펴보기 위하여 각 임분별 수질의 변화에 대한 다중검정을 실시한 결과 12개 항목 중에서 pH, EC, $NO^{3-}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^{+}$, $Cl^{-}$, TNU, Color 9개 항목들은 임분 간에 유의성이 인정되므로 각 임분별 수질의 차이가 나타났다. 특히, 개벌조림지는 식재목 성장을 위한 비료의 시용으로 인하여 밤나무림과 소나무림에 비해 오염지표라 할 수 있는 EC, $NO{^{3-}}$, $SO_{4}{^{2-}}$, $Cl^{-}$, 탁도, 색도 등이 높은 것으로 보아 임지 이용에 따라 수질에 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 각 임분별 계류수의 pH, $NH_{4}{^{+}}$, $Cl^{-}$, $SO_{4}{^{2-}}$, $NO_{3}{^{-}}$는 먹는물 기준이하를 나타내어 수질이 비교적 양호한 편으로 나타났으나, 탁도와 색도의 수치는 모든 임분에서 먹는물 기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 도시주변 산림지역은 토사 유출로 인하여 탁수화 및 밤나무 재배지는 시비 등으로 수질오염이 예상되므로 계류수를 식수화하기 위해서는 간이 수질정화시설과 같은 적절한 대비책이 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.61-79
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• 2013

This study takes a look at the distinct and exclusive culture of Latin America, with a specific focus on Mexico, and attempts to understand its unique cultural identity by comparing, analyzing, and evaluating the characteristics of the Mexican fashion brands, Taller Flora and F$\acute{a}$brica Social, which are brands that have actively used the Latin American cultural identity in its designs. The research method was as follows: 1) performing literature research with specialty publications and thesis that dealt with the two brands 2) analyzing the contents of various articles from the Internet and interviews related to the brands. Thus, this research attempts to understand the characteristics of the fashion brands that use the cultural traits of Latin America in order to dissect its methods and find a way to apply it so that it can be used in different cultures, and in effect, lead to the advancement of the fashion industries, in general. Taller Flora and F$\acute{a}$brica Social are two brands that are able to stand out with a distinct identity by applying traditional native Latin American qualities in its products, as well as its products reflecting a respectful and balanced relationship between people and nature. The characteristics of the two brands are as follows: 1) showing the concept of "the coexistence of diversity" by expressing "the old and the new", "simplicity and flash", and "melding of the Western culture via colonialism and traditional cultures of the aboriginals and other diverse native cultures" 2) achieving "the recovery of the human dignity" by protecting the human rights of the native female artisans and building a network for equality 3) pursuing "free naturalism" by balancing the natural provision of nature and man in addition to promoting environmental protection and conservation of goods 4) becoming "the bridge between communication and exchange" by connecting the artisan, the designer and the consumers together, or the producer and the market, as well as the different cultures of markets from diverse countries.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2003

The traditional culture has been developed for a long time with an unique property according to folk character, custom and environment within an area. Especially in 1906, when the westerners were interested in oriental cultures more and more, Paul Poiret presented Japanese traditional dress of napping sleeve coats and harem pants, henceforth japanese fashion theme began to rise. The Japanese style rose as an important fashion item of the modern fashion, with various fashion themes such as orientalism, ethnic, folklore, ecology, etc., needless to say of activities of Japanese designers. The revealed patterns on Japanese dress and it's ornament plays a role of expressive decoration as well as stand for the nation, the ideology of the age and aesthetic consciousness. For this reason, it is necessary to study Japanese traditional patterns expressed in modern fashion systematically. Therefore, in this research, the demonstrated Japanese traditional patterns on the modern fashion were divided into natural, artificial and complex design and were looked out the characteristic, furthermore it was studied in regard that Japanese patterns were how to apply in modern fashion. It was concluded that the characteristics of the Japanese traditional patterns presented in the modern fashion were as follows: first, creation of environmental friendly design using plenty of natural materials; second, expression of paint-like impression and beauty of margins by simplifying of patterns; third, expression of amusing design by using bright colors and print; finally, various patterns were spreaded out complicated on dress. The characteristics of Japanese traditional patterns in the above were expressed in the modern fashion.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2003

The Pasquill-Gifford stability category is a very important scheme of the Gaussian type dispersion model defined the complex turbulence state of the atmosphere by A grade(very unstable) to F grade(very stable). But there has been made a point out that this stability category might decrease the predictability of the model because it was each covers a broad range of stability conditions, and that they were very site specific. The APSM (Air Pollution Simulation Model) was composed of the turbulent parameters, i.e. friction velocity(${\mu}$$\_$*/), convective velocity scale($\omega$$\_$*/) and Monin-Obukhov length scale(Ｌ) for the purpose of the performance increasing on the case of the unstable atmospheric conditions. And the PDF (Probability Density Function)model was used to express the vertical dispersion characteristics and the profile method was used to calculate the turbulent characteristics. And the performance assessment was validated between APSM and EPA regulatory models(TEM, ISCST), tracer experiment results. There were very good performance results simulated by APSM than that of TEM, ISCST in the short distance (<1415 m) from the source, but increase the simulation error(%) to stand off the source in others. And there were differences in comparison with the lateral dispersion coefficient($\sigma$$\_$y/) which was represent the horizontal dispersion characteristics of a air pollutant in the atmosphere. So the different calculation method of $\sigma$$\_$y/ which was extrapolated from a different tracer experiment data might decrease the simulation performance capability. In conclusion, the air pollution simulation model showed a good capability of predict the air pollution which was composed of the turbulent parameters compared with the results of TEM and ISCST for the unstable atmospheric conditions.