• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2003년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.144-151
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• 2003

Computations of the mean and turbulence flows over three-dimensional hill of conical shape have implemented. Beside the standard $\kappa-\epsilon$, two other modifications proposed by Detering & Etling and Duynkerke for atmospheric applications were also considered. These predictions were compared with the data of a wind tunnel experiment. From the comparison, it was concluded that all three models predict the mean flow velocities equally well while only the Duynkerke's model accurately predicts the turbulence data statistics. It also concluded that there are large discrepancies between model predictions and the measurements near the ground surface. The flow field, which was obtained by using the Duynkerke's modification, was used to simulate gas dispersion from an upwind source. The calculation results are verified based on the measurement data. Modifications of the turbulent Schmidt number were carried out in order to match the measured results. The code was used to investigate the influence of the recirculation zone behind a building of cubical shape on the transport and dispersion of pollutant. For a stack behind and near the obstacle, some conclusions about the effect of the stack height and stack location were derive

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2014

Cache based live migration method utilizes a cache, which is accessible to both side (remote and local), to reduce the virtual machine migration time, by transferring only irredundant data. However, address space layout randomization (ASLR) is proved to reduce the memory duplicate ratio between targeted migration memory and the migration cache. In this pager, we analyzed the behavior of ASLR to find out how it changes the physical memory contents of virtual machines. We found that among six virtual memory regions, only the modification to stack influences the page-level memory duplicate ratio. Experiments showed that: (1) the ASLR does not shift the heap region in sub-page level; (2) the stack reduces the duplicate page size among VMs which performed input replay around 40MB, when ASLR was enabled; (3) the size of memory pages, which can be reconstructed from the fresh booted up state, also reduces by about 60MB by ASLR. With those observations, when applying cache-based migration method, we can omit the stack region. While for other five regions, even a coarse page-level redundancy data detecting method can figure out most of the duplicate memory contents.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2016

This study presents an experiment investigation on natural convection heat transfer of air-cooling Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in a enclosure system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Considered are replacing fuel cell stack with Aluminum block for heat generating inside a enclosure chamber. The volume ratio of fuel cell stack and chamber for simulation to the actual size of aerial vehicle is 1 to 15. The parameters considered for experimental study are the environmental temperature range from $25^{\circ}C$ to $-60^{\circ}C$ and the block heat input of 10 W, 20 W and 30 W. Effect of the thermal conductivity of the block and power level on heat transfer in the chamber are investigated. Experimental results illustrate the temperature rise at various locations inside the chamber as dependent upon heat input of fuel cell stack and environmental temperature. From the results, dimensionless correlation in natural convection was proposed with Nusselt number and Rayleigh number for designing air-cooling PEMFC powered high altitude long endurance (HALE) UAV.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2012

Performance improvement of local exhaust system used in toilet and cooking place are main concern in a field of ventilation. In Korea, There are many high riser residential apartments in recent years. These buildings were not viewed as being major contributors to exhaust pollutants producted in indoor. It was because many engineers thought that exhaust in high riser building depends on stack effect. This study investigates on the performance improvement of terminal device, roof fan, of vertical spiral duct used in high riser residential apartments. This paper focuses mainly on the effect of accessories, number or shape of blades, composed of roof fan with function of exhaust air volume of toilet and cooking place. Roof fan with 10 blades is observed at optimum exhaust performance in this study.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2020

The effects of mold variable and main alloying element on the mechanical properties of ductile cast iron poured into shell stack mold were investigated. The strength and hardness of with the smaller cross-section of the diameter of 6.25mm were higher than those of 12.50mm. On the other hand, the elongation of the former was lower than that of the latter. The strength and hardness of the specimens obtained from the center layer in the 5-story stack mold were the lowest and those for other specimens were increased with increased distance from the center. The elongation of those were the highest of all. The strength and hardness of the specimens obtained from the center layer were decreased the elongation was increased with the increased number of layers. The strength and hardness were increased and the elongation was decreased roughly with the increased amounts of reaidual magnesium and carbon content added, respectively. The strength and hardness were increased and the elongation was decreased roughly with the increased amounts of silicon content added to 2.45wt% and rather decreased with that to 2.85wt%. The effect of silicon content showed the opposite tendency to those of residual magnesium and carbon content.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2013

$Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4$ material is receiving an increased amount of attention for solar cell applications as an absorber layer because it consists of inexpensive and abundant materials (Zn and Sn) instead of the expensive and rare materials (In and Ga) in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ solar cells. We were able to achieve a cell conversion efficiency to 4.7% by the selenization of a stacked metal precursor with the Cu/(Zn + Sn)/Mo/glass structure. However, the selenization of the metal precursor results in large voids at the absorber/Mo interface because metals diffuse out through the top CZTSe layer. To avoid the voids at the absorber/Mo interface, binary selenide compounds of ZnSe and $SnSe_2$ were employed as a precursor instead of Zn and Sn metals. It was found that the precursor with Cu/$SnSe_2$/ZnSe stack provided a uniform film with larger grains compared to that with $Cu_2Se/SnSe_2$/ZnSe stack. Also, voids were not observed at the $Cu_2ZnSnSe_4$/Mo interface. A severe loss of Sn was observed after a high-temperature annealing process, suggesting that selenization in this case should be performed in a closed system with a uniform temperature in a $SnSe_2$ environment. However, in the experiments, Cu top-layer stack had more of an effect on reducing Sn loss compared to $Cu_2Se$ top-layer stack.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2020

본 연구는 어린이의 놀이가 도구적 관점에서 매체전환을 할 경우 변화된 인터랙션이 놀이 속성에 유의미한 효과성 차이가 있는지 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 로제카이와의 놀이론(아곤, 미미크리, 알레아, 일링크스)의 고찰과 선행연구된 내용을 토대로 설문을 작성하고 어린이들의 전인적 발달에서 선호하는 브릭쌓기 놀이를 통하여 실험 설계를 하였다. 브릭쌓기 놀이를 물리적 공간과 전자 공간에서 동일한 조건으로 선정하고 실험집단과 비교집단으로 나눠서 어린이들의 체험과 함께 설문조사를 진행하였다. 리커트 5점 척도 기반으로 한 통계분석은 결과의 유의미함을 도출하였다. 상관관계와 T-검정분석 결과에서 전자공간의 브릭 놀이가 로제 카이와의 놀이속성(아곤, 미미크리, 알레아, 일링크스)이 더 높아진 것을 알 수 있다. 전자 공간 브릭쌓기에서 고르게 분포된 놀이 속성은 즐거움과 재미가 배가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구로 인해 매체전환에 의한 효과성의 차이를 인지하고 놀이 속성이 극대화될 수 있는 디지털놀이의 매체연구가 활성화되길 기대해 본다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 신재생에너지 산업생태계의 한 영역을 담당하는 연료전지 산업에서 요구되는 인력을 양성함에 있어서, 기업의 교육비 부담 감축과 교육 효과 향상을 위하여 메타버스에 탑재한 연료전지 교육 프레임워크를 제안하였다. 본 Meta-Fuel cell 플랫폼은 Unity 3D 웹을 활용하여 1인칭 시점의 플랫폼을 구성하여 이론교육과 실습교육을 진행할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 이 플랫폼은 ppt 발표, 동영상 실행 등등 다양한 단위 교육 콘텐츠를 수용할 수 있도록 설계하였고 프로토타입을 구현하였다. 현재, 본 플랫폼에는 이론교육을 위한 ppt 및 동영상 시연 외에 실습을 위한 소프트웨어 콘텐츠 "STACK-Up"이 통합되어 있다. 이론교육 부문은 신재생에너지, 수소경제, 연료전지 등의 수소에 관한 교양지식 서비스를 제공한다. 소프트웨어 "STACK-Up"은 건물용 연료전지 핵심부품인 스택의 분해-조립 공정을 실습할 수 있는 서비스를 제공한다. Meta-Fuelcell 플랫폼은 교육자에게는 대면 교육의 한계점을 개선하여 교육 장소, 시간, 인원 등의 제약이 없는 비대면 교육의 기회를 제공하고, 학습자에게는 교육 주제, 순서 등을 선택권을 부여하며 메타버스 공간에서 학습할 수 있는 흥미로운 경험을 제공한다. 본 플랫폼은 연료전지 인력양성 사업에 실험적으로 적용하며 개선을 진행하고 있다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2009

릴리프시스템은 공정 내에 과압 방지하여 공정의 안전성을 높여주는 역할을 한다. 릴리프 시스템에서 방출되는 폐가스로 인한 폭발, 복사열, 독성가스 확산을 막기 위하여 플레어스택을 설치한다. 플레어스택에서는 공정의 안전성 향상을 위하여 안전한 연소가 가장 중요한 요소이며, 안전한 연소를 위하여 방출되는 가스량과 속도 제어는 API 521 code의 기술기준을 따르며, 플레어스택에서 발생하는 화염의 형상은 방출되는 가스의 압력과 질량유속에 의하여 jet fire의 형상을 하고 있다. 이는 화염의 형상은 완전 연소와 열 방출에 영향을 미치는 요소로 이 논문에서는 화염의 형상을 분석하였다. 화염의 길이는 API code와 jet fire 모델이 유사한 값을 보였으며, 화염은 지면에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2004

초고층건물의 건설이 증가되고 있지만 건물외파와 출입문의 기밀도가 낮게 유지될 때, 이러한 누설면적과 층별로 구획할 수없는 수직샤프트(계단실 등)와 직렬로 배치될 경우, 필연적으로 발생하게 되는 굴뚝 현상(stack effect)의 발생원인과 차압크기 산정하는 방법 및 예방대책을 소개하고자 한다.