• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2007

We present a new global-local analysis with the aid of MLS(Moving Least Square) variable-node finite elements which can possess an arbitrary number of nodes on element master domain. It enables us to connect one finite element with a few finite elements without complex remeshing. Compared to other type global-local analysis, it does not require any superimposed mesh or need not solve the equilibrium equation twice. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme, we will show several examples in relation to capturing highly local stress field using global-local analysis.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.459-481
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated whether the theorem is established even if we replace a 'square' element in the Euclidean proof of the Pythagorean theorem with different figures. At this time, we used different figures as equilateral, isosceles triangle, (mutant) a right triangle, a rectangle, a parallelogram, and any similar figures. Pythagorean theorem implies a relationship between the three sides of a right triangle. However, the procedure of Euclidean proof is discussed in relation between the areas of the square, which each edge is the length of each side of a right triangle. In this study, according to the attached figures, we found that the Pythagorean theorem appears in the following three cases, that is, the relationship between the sides, the relationship between the areas, and one case that do not appear in the previous two cases directly. In addition, we recognized the efficiency of Euclidean proof attached the square. This proving activity requires a mathematical process, and a generalization of this process is a good material that can experience the diversity and rigor at the same time.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematics variables of during forehand stroke by stance patterns. Eight high school tennis players were chosen for the study, who have never been injured for last six months, in Busan. They performed horizontal swing and vertical swing that it was done each five consecutive trial in the condition of square, open and semi-open stance. It was filmed by 6 video camera and used with 3-dimensional motion analyzer system. The following kinematic variables were analyzed in relation to angle of segment( shoulder, hip and knee joint). The conclusion were as follow: 1. The angle of hip joint represented at impact that horizontal swing was not significant difference by stance patterns but vertical swing was increased in open stance than square and semi-open stance. 2. The angle of both knee was not significant difference between all stance types and swing patterns. 3. The angle of shoulder, hip and knee joint rotation showed that open stance was increased than square and semi-open stance in all swing types and event.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1707-1718
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• 1969

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the relations between numbers, arrangements and pumping rates of wells. In this experiment, well pipes were vertically set up in an artificial water-bearing sand layer of homogeneous quality. Wells were arranged in different ways and their number was varied in order to observe the variation of pumping rates. Sands were filled in a square tank, $183cm{\times}91.5cm{\times}91.5cm$ so as to secure a water-bearing layer. Water was constantly supplied from a supply tank located at an end of the tank. The number of well pipes was varied from one to four. Well pipes were connected by a horizontal header pipes were connected by a horizontal header pipe located above them and one pump was used. Pumping rates were measured, when they were arranged in longitudinal and lateral directions, They were also arranged in a square and triangle. The main results thus obtained are presented as follows: (1) When well pipes are laid out in a longitudinal line, i. e., in a flow direction, the ratios of pumping rates of one-pipe well and wells 2-, 3- and 4- pipe t, are 1.903, 2.506 and 2.66, respectively. (2) When well pipes are laid out in a lateral line, i.e., in a perpendicular direction to flow, the same ratios as (1) are 1.912, 2.527 and 2.88. (3) When four pipes are laid out in a square and three pipes are laid out in a triangle, pumping rates are deereased, Comparing with the cases when pipes are laid out in a straight line.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5B
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• pp.830-841
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• 2000

We extend the sue of the method of least square to develop a recursive algorithm for the design of adaptive transversal filters such that, given the least-square estimate of this vector of the filter at iteration n-1, we may compute the updated estimate of this vector at iteration a upon the arrival of new data. We begin the development of the RLS algorithm by reviewing some basic relations that pertain to the method of least squares. Then, by exploiting a relation in matrix algebra known as the matrix inversion lemma, we develop the RLS algorithm. An important feature of the RLS algorithm is that it utilizes information contained in the input data, extending back to the instant of time when the algorithm is initiated. In this paper, we propose new tap weight updated RLS algorithm in adaptive transversal filter with data-recycling buffer structure. We prove that convergence speed of learning curve of RLS algorithm with data-recycling buffer is faster than it of exiting RL algorithm to mean square error versus iteration number. Also the resulting rate of convergence is typically an order of magnitude faster than the simple LMS algorithm. We show that the number of desired sample is portion to increase to converge the specified value from the three dimension simulation result of mean square error according to the degree of channel amplitude distortion and data-recycle buffer number. This improvement of convergence character in performance, is achieved at the (B+1)times of convergence speed of mean square error increase in data recycle buffer number with new proposed RLS algorithm.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.140-149
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• 2008

Objective : This study was performed to find out the difference of symptoms between rhinitis and sinusitis in young patients who were diagnosed by PNS plain radiograph( PNS series), Methods: We did statistical analysis about 147 new outpatients under 12 year-old who had visited the department of ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology in Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Center from March 2, 2006 to February 29, 2008. All of the patients were diagnosed by PNS series and we divided the patients with two groups; rhinitis group and sinusitis group. We checked the OPD records and explore the distribution on sex, experience of past western therapy, age and duration. Then we divided symptoms into nine; 'nasal obstruction', 'purulent rhinorrhea', 'cough & sneezing', 'watery rhinorrhea', postnasal drip', 'sputum', 'head problem', 'snoring & throat discomfort' and 'epistaxis'. We also divided age into 2 groups: $0\sim7$ years old and $8{\sim}12$ years old. We carried out chi-square test as a statistical method. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Sinusitis group were 102(69.5%); 62 have only sinusitis. 40 have both sinusitis and adenoidal hypertrophy. Rhinitis group were 45(30.5%); 13 have adenoidal hypertrophy and 32 were negative. 2. Male were 98(sinusitis 65, rhinitis 33), female were 49(sinusitis 37, rhinitis 12). 3. Patients who had experienced past western therapy were 120(sinusitis 81, rhinitis 39), no experienced patients were 27(sinusitis 21, rhinitis 6). 4. Distribution on age of sinusitis was 1(1 yr), 2(2 yrs), 3(3 yrs), 15(4 yrs), 15(5 yrs), 23(6 yrs), 13(7 yrs), 12(8 yrs), 8(9 yrs), 5(10 yrs), 1(11 yrs), 4(12 yrs). Distribution on age of rhinitis was 1(1 yr), 0(2 yrs), 1(3 yrs), 1(4 yrs), 9(5 yrs), 5(6 yrs), 3(7 yrs), 5(8 yrs), 1(9 yrs), 8(10 yrs), 6(11 yrs), 5(12 yrs), 5. Duration of sinusitis was 20(<2 months), 6($2{\sim}3$ months), 11($3\sim6$ months), 34($6\sim12$ months), 31(>12 months) and of Rhinitis was 11(<2 months), 0($2\sim3$ months), 5($3\sim6$ months), 18($6\sim12$ months), 11(>12 months) 6. Distribution on symptoms, sinusitis patients were 86(nasal obstruction), 52(purulent rhinorrhea), 46(cough & sneezing), 38(watery rhinorrhea), 41(postnasal drip), 23(sputum), 18(head problem), 15(snoring & throat discomfort), 6(epistaxis). The each symptom and sinusitis have no relation by chi-square test. 7. The number of patients who were 0 $\sim$ 7 years old was 92: sinusitis 72(49%), non-sinusitis 20(13.6%). The number of patients who were 8 $\sim$ 12 years old was 58: sinusitis 30(20.4%), non-sinusitis 25(l7%). By chi-square test(confidence level 95%), sinusitis and age under 7 have a significant relation(p=0.003). Conclusions : There is no relation between rhinologic symptoms and sinusitis. Patients under 7 years old with rhinologic symptoms tend to have sinusitis.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.340-342
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• 2004

In this paper, we introduce a new category of fuzzy inference systems baled on information granulation to carry out the model identification of complex and nonlinear systems. Informal speaking, information granules are viewed as linked collections of objects(data, in particular) drawn together by the criteria of proximity, similarity, or functionality. Granulation of information with the aid of Hard C-Means(HCM) clustering algorithm help determine the initial parameters of fuzzy model such as the initial apexes of the membership functions and the initial values of polyminial functions being used in the premise and consequence part of the fuzzy rules. And the initial parameters are tuned effectively with the aid of the genetic algorithms(GAs) and the least square method. The proposed model is contrasted with the performance of the conventional fuzzy models in the literature.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.spc1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

In an early paper Skumanich suggested the existence of a scaling law relating the mean sunspot magnetic field with the square-root of the photospheric pressure. This was derived from an analysis of a variety of theoretical spot models including those by Yun (1968). These were based on the Schliiter-Temesvary (S- T) similarity assumption. To answer criticisms that such modeling may have unphysical (non-axial maxima) solutions, the S-T model was revisited, Moon et al. (1998), with an improved vector potential function. We consider here the consequences of this work for the scaling relation. We show that by dimensionalizing the lateral force balance equation for the S- T model one finds that a single parameter enters as a characteristic value of the solution. This parameter yields Skumanich's scaling directly. Using an observed universal flux-radius relation for dark solar magnetic features (spots and pores) for comparison, we find good to fair agreement with Yun's characteristic value, however the Moon et al. values deviate significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.133-150
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• 1994

This study was a survey of the taste for color arrangement and the relation to taste with food color. The term of investigation and object was the same as before mentions. The data-treatment was determinded by frequence percentage chi-square and F-test as measured by SAS program for PC and statistical figures were obtained by GDAS. The results were as follows;1. In the taste of arrangement for food, color. The most frequent colors were green and white followed by a yellowish green red. In preference 50's object was difference from another aged. It's significance was showed orange yellow pink and white. 2. In the relation of food color and taste term the color shown a pungent sweet hot and delicious taste was red and a sour astringent sweet taste was orange and anastringent bitter delicate hard taste was brown and a proteiny sofe sweet delicate taste was yellow and a cool taste was yellow and a cool taste was green, and a cool, bitter taste was blue and an astrngent taste was pink, and a bitter hard, tasteeless taste was black and a proteiny sofe taste was white. But in the case of any a bitter taste it's significance was shown.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.3527-3531
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• 2014

In this paper, we report thermodynamic and transport properties (diffusion coefficient, viscosity, and thermal conductivity) of diatomic gases ($H_2$, $N_2$, $O_2$, and $Cl_2$) at 273.15 K and 1.00 atm by performing molecular dynamics simulations using Lennard-Jones intermolecular potential and modified Green-Kubo formulas. The results of self-diffusion coefficients of diatomic gases obtained from velocity auto-correlation functions by Green-Kubo relation are in good agreement with those obtained from mean square displacements by Einstein relation. While the results for viscosities of diatomic gases obtained from stress auto-correlation functions underestimate the experimental results, those for thermal conductivities obtained from heat flux auto-correlation functions overestimate the experimental data except $H_2$.