• 한국동물학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.173-180
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• 1975

Sprague-Dawley 系인 成熟한 雄性흰쥐를 對照群과 實驗群으로 나누어 對照群은 $23^\\circ C$에서 保存하였으며 實驗群은 $30^\\circ C 및 33^\\circ C$에서 各各 240時間 및 64時間동안 繼續하여 溫度順應시켰다. 溫熱順應의 各 時間區마다 血淸알칼리性 및 酸性 Phosphatase의 活性을 測定하였다. $30^\\circ C$에서는 上記 酵素活性의 變化相은 $33^\\circ C$에 比하여 一般的으로 顯著하였다. 다시 말하면 $30^\\circ C$에서의 溫熱順應에 있어서 血淸알칼리性 및 酸性 Phosphatase는 對照群에 比하여 一般的으로 높은 活性의 恒定特續性을 나타내었다. 以上의 結果로 미루어 보아 上記 酵素는 $30^\\circ C$의 溫熱順應에 있어서 生化學的으로 直接 또는 間接으로 溫度調節에 關與하고 있는 것으로 思料된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2015

The object of this study was to obtain single oral dose toxicity of Arisaema Rhizome (Arisaema amurense f. serratum (Nakai) Kitag) aqueous extracts. Arisaema Rhizome (Chunnamsong in Korean) is one of the most important folk remedy plants used in Asia. In the study, a 28-day rat oral gavage study has been conducted with the extracts from Arisaema Rhizome at dose of 1,250, 2,500 and 5,000 ㎎/㎏/day. The following endpoints were evaluated: clinical observations, body weight, gross and microscopic pathology, clinical chemistry, and hematology. Based on the analysis of these endpoints, it was estimated that NOEL (no observed effect level) for male rats and NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for female rats are 5000 ㎎/㎏/day of the water-extracts from Arisaema Rhizome.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

Objectives To assess the safety of Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture by analyzing the potential single-dose intramuscular toxicity of Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at various dose levels in SD (Spraque-Dawley) rats and Beagle dogs. Methods For evaluation of single-dose intramuscular toxicity of Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture, 40 SD rats (20 male and 20 famale) and 4 Beagle dogs (2 male and 2 female) were used. The rats were divided in four groups of 10 each, and treated intramuscularly with Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at doses of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg in distilled water, and distilled water as a vehicle control group, respectively. The Beagle dogs were divided into two groups of 2 each, and treated intramuscularly with Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at doses of 0.15, and 0.3 mg/kg in distilled water, respectively, and signs of toxicity were observed. After a wash-out period of 3 days, the procedure was repeated with Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at doses of 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg in distilled water, respectively. Mortality, body weight changes, and necropsy findings were examined during the study period. Results There were no mortalities in either the SD rats or Beagle dogs. There were also no significant differences in adverse effects, body weight, or necropsy findings between the Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture and control groups. Conclusions There results suggest that the lethal dose 50 ($LD_{50}$) and approximate lethal dose (ALD) value of the test substance Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture are higher than 1.2 mg/kg in SD rats and Beagle dogs.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2005

From the RT-PCR amplifications using mRNA templates isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat brains, we isolated a cDNA fragment of 1,524 bp which covered the full coding information of the rat brain CYP2El. Its nucleotide sequence was identical to the previously reported rat liver CYP2El mRNA except for the difference of one base (A to C at the nucleotide position 73). This difference also altered the amino acid Lys to GIn. However, no insertion or deletion of nucleotide(s) which could alter the reading frame was found within the structure of this rat brain CYP2El. This study should provide the molecular basis regarding the pathophysiological function of CYP2El in the brain.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.580-588
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of decreased locomotor activity on mass, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimb muscles 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model. Methods: The rat model was established by direct injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 50 ${mu}g$) into the left substantia nigra after stereotaxic surgery. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of two groups; the Parkinson's disease group (PD; n=17) and a sham group (S; n=8). Locomotor activity was assessed before and 21 days after the experiment. At 22 days after establishing the rat model, all rats were anesthetized and soleus and plantaris muscles were dissected from both ipsilateral and contralateral sides. The brain was dissected to identify dopaminergic neuronal death of substantia nigra in the PD group. Results: The PD group at 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model showed significant decrease in locomotor activity compared with the S group. Weights and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the contralateral soleus muscle of the PD group were significantly lower than those of the S group. Conclusion: Contralateral soleus muscle atrophy occurs 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 1984

몰핀의 투여량, 몰핀을 주사하는 시간, 쥐의 나이에 따라서 몰핀이 food intake에 미치는 효과 유무를 Sprague-Dawley 쥐를 이용해 조사하였다. 또한 $^{3}H-naloxone$을 이용한 opiate receptor binding assay에 의해서 정상상태에서 몰핀이나 식염수를 주사한 쥐의 뇌에서 opiate receptor binding의 변화를 조사하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. Food intake에 미치는 몰핀의 효과는 2시간에 유의차를 나타냈으며 몰핀 투여량이 증가할수록 효과는 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또 어릴수록 효과가 많이 나타났으며 female이 male보다 효과가 컸으나 지속적이지 못했다. 몰핀을 주사하는 시간을 달리하는 실험에서 male 이나 female 모두 10:00에 주사한 경우에 몰핀 효과가 16 : 00에 주사한 경우보다 크게 나타났다. Opiate receptor binding assay 결과, 몰핀을 주사한 쥐에서 $^{3}H$ naloxone binding 이 유의있게 감소했으며 오전에 몰핀을 주사한 쥐에서 naloxone binding 이 더 많이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 실험에서, 몰핀이 food intake 에 미치는 효과는 몰핀의 opiate receptor binding을 통해서 작용한 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Sodium hyaluronate-Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (HA-CMC) on tissue adhesion after tenorrhapy in tenotomized Achilles tendon of the Sprague-Dawley rat. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight legs of 14 Sprague-Dawley rat were used in study. After tenotomy of the Achilles tendons, tenorrhaphies were performed. Simple tenorrhaphy without any other procedures were performed on the left Achilles tendons (control group), and additional HA-CMC injections were done prior to the tenorrhaphy on the right Achilles tendons (HA-CMC group). Gross and histological examinations were made to identify differences between the two groups, 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks respectively. Results: Distinct decrease in granulation tissues and adhesions were seen in the HA-CMC group during gross inspection at 6 and 8 week after the operation. On histological analysis of the HA-CMC group, although increased infiltrations of inflammation cells were observed during 1 week, less adhesion were seen at 6, 8 and 10 weeks after the operation. In HA-CMC group, superior healing processes were seen at 6, 8 and 10 weeks and less fibrotic changes, compared to control group, were seen at 2 and 6 weeks. Conclusion: Prevention of adjacent tissue adhesion was made possible through decrease in collagen deposition and fibrosis by injecting HA-CMC before tenorrhaphy of Achilles tendon. Also, histologically faster healing process of the collagen fibers within the Achilles tendon was observed.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.656-661
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• 2005

The study was conducted to investigate per oral (PO) effects of Black raspberry wine on testosterone levels in Sprague-Dawley rats oral administrated with Methoxychlor in order to establish the experimental clinical model for evaluating the influences on the sexual hormones of SD-Rat administrated with Methoxychlor(MET), it was dissolved in acetone and olive oil (1:19), which was administrated orally at doses of 200mg/kg body weight/ day for 7days. Black raspberry wine of 13% alcohol concentration, was prepared from ripen fruits of Rubus coreanus fermented with Saccharomyces cervisiae. PO administration of Black raspberry wine for 15 week produced dramatic increases of serum testosterone levels. Increase in the testosterone level was observed, using gamma counter with 125I testosterone, starting from 1 week post administration. Maximum increase in testosterone level was observed at 4 week post administration, 5.18${\pm}$0.76ng/mL, which was 10.1 times higher than before and at 15 weeks post administration it was recorded as 1.67${\pm}$0.19ng/mL indicating Black raspberry wine as an effective phyto-testosteronic beverage of the future.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2019

Background: Increases in the average global temperature cause heat stress-induced disorders by disrupting homeostasis. Excessive heat stress triggers an imbalance in the immune system; thus protection against heat stress is important to maintain immune homeostasis. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has been used as a herbal medicine and displays beneficial biological properties. Methods: We investigated the protective effects of Korean ginseng extracts (KGEs) against heat stress in a rat model. Following acclimatization for 1 week, rats were housed at room temperature for 2 weeks and then exposed to heat stress ($40^{\circ}C$/2 h/day) for 4 weeks. Rats were treated with three KGEs from the beginning of the second week to the end of the experiment. Results: Heat stress dramatically increased secretion of inflammatory factors, and this was significantly reduced in the KGE-treated groups. Levels of inflammatory factors such as heat shock protein 70, interleukin 6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were increased in the spleen and muscle upon heat stress. KGEs inhibited these increases by down-regulating heat shock protein 70 and the associated nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Consequently, KGEs suppressed activation of T-cells and B-cells. Conclusion: KGEs suppress the immune response upon heat stress and decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines in muscle and spleen. We suggest that KGEs protect against heat stress by inhibiting inflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2021

Objective: Approximately 30% of preeclamptic pregnancies exhibit abnormal liver function tests. We assessed liver injury-associated enzyme levels and circulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) levels in an arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat model. Methods: Pregnant and non-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) received AVP (150 ng/hr) subcutaneously via mini-osmotic pumps for 18 days. Blood pressure was measured, urine samples were collected, and all animals were euthanized via isoflurane. Blood was collected to measure circulating levels of TGF-β1-3 isomers and liver injury enzymes in pregnant AVP (PAVP), pregnant saline (PS), non-pregnant AVP (NAVP), and non-pregnant saline (NS) rats. Results: The PAVP group showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than both saline-treated groups. The weight per pup was significantly lower in the AVP-treated group than in the saline group (p<0.05). Circulating TGF-β1-3 isomer levels were significantly higher in the PAVP rats than in the NS rats. However, similar TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 levels were noted in the PS and PAVP rats, while TGF-β2 levels were significantly higher in the PAVP rats. Circulating liver-type arginase-1 and 5'-nucleotidase levels were higher in the PAVP rats than in the saline group. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate higher levels of TGF-β2, arginase, and 5'-nucleotidase activity in PAVP than in PS rats. AVP may cause vasoconstriction and increase peripheral resistance and blood pressure, thereby elevating TGF-β and inducing the preeclampsia-associated inflammatory response. Future studies should explore the mechanisms through which AVP dysregulates liver injury enzymes and TGF-β in pregnant rats.