• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.307-311
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• 2004

Hot water soluble extract from sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida was examined for antioxidant activity using l,l-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and lipid peroxidation assay. The $IC_{50}$ value (7.6 mg/ml) of hot water extract from sporophyll of U. pinnatifida was more higher than ascorbic acid (0.025 mg/ml) and BHT (0.25 mg/ml). The hot water extract from sporoof U. pinnatifida was stable from pH 2 to pH 7 but decreased at alkali pH. The heat stability of hot water extract from sporophyll of U. pinnatifida was stable from $0^{\circ}C$ to $120^{\circ}C$. An effect on an antioxidant activity of hot water extract from sporophyll of U. pinnatifida was studied with various metal ions and EDTA. Antioxiactvity of hot water extract from sporophyll of U. pinnatifida was inhibited by EDTA but increased by adding $Cu^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 1997

The antimutagenic and cancer cell growth inhibitory effects of methanol extracts from 9 kinds of seaweed were studied in the Ames assay and cell culture systems, respectively. The methanol extracts from the seaweeds of sea lettuce, chlorella, sea tangle, sea mustard, sporophyll of sea mustard, fusiforme, seaweed papulosa, purple laver and ceylon moss showed antimutagenicities against aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in the Salmonella typhimurium TA100. These extracts revealed relatively higher antimutagenicity against AFB₁(indirect mutagen) than MNNG(direct mutagen). Sporophyll of sea mustard and seaweed papulosa exhibited strong antimutagenic activity against AFB₁, and sporophyll of sea mustard, sea tangle and ceylon moss also reduced the mutagenicity induced by MNNG. The sporophyll fo sea mustard exerted the highest antimutagenic activity among the samples treated. The methanol extracts from 9 kinds of seaweed inhibited the growth of two cancer cell lines, AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Sea tangle, sea mustard and sporophyll of sea mustard inhibited the growth of cancer cells significantly. These results suggest that various seaweeds show not only antimutagenic activity but also growth inhibitory effect of some cancer cells.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.317-321
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• 2004

We selected a solvent for producing antioxidants from sporophyll of Undaria pinnatOptimum extraction condition for antioxidant ability(Y) of sporophyll of U. pinnatifida was investigated using response surface methodology(RSM). A compound central design was used with variables ($X_1$)temperature($^{\circ}C$) (3.4; 20; 60; 100; 116.6); ($X_2$) pH(1.8; 3; 6; 9; 10.2) and ($X_3$) treatment time(min) (1.7; 10; 30; 50; 58.3). Antioxidant activities were increased with decreasing pH and increasing temperature. The optimal extraction conditions for antioxidant ability(Y) of sporophyll of U. pinnatifida were found to be temperature $51.55^{\circ}C$, pH 4.2 and treatment time 28.2 min. Among the variables tested, pH showed greater significant facin extraction of antioxidants from sporophyll of U. pinnatifida.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.665-671
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• 2020

The chemical and rheological properties of fucoidan and alginate prepared from different parts of Undaria pinnatifida (sporophyll, frond, stipe) were investigated. The algal materials were extracted with HCl (pH 2.0, 3 h at 70℃) to prepare fucoidan, and the remaining solid was continuously re-extracted with Na₂CO₃ (pH 10.0, 70℃, 3 h) to prepare alginic acid. The fucoidan and alginic acid contents in the sporophyll, frond, and stipe were 11.14%, 3.84%, and 1.73% and 22.04%, 37.14%, and 31.74%, respectively. The content of fucoidan and alginate depends on the part extracted. The fucoidan extracted from the sporophyll mainly consists of fucose and galactose, but the fucoidan extracted from frond and stipe contains mannose in addition to fucose and galactose. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of fucoidan and alginate suggests the presence of sulfate groups (1261 and 840 cm^-1) and carboxyl groups (1626 and 1419 cm^-1), respectively. Alginate solutions (5%) had a low viscosity of 10.84-31.63 mPa·s. The activation energies of fucoidan and sodium alginate were 14.45-18.38 kJ/mol and 18.61-22.06 kJ/mol, respectively. The D-mannuronic acid/L-guluronic acid (M/G) ratios of alginate showed a relatively high (frond, 3.72; stipe, 2.88; and sporophyll, 1.80).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.598-602
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• 2004

In the preparation of jam using Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll, effects of food ingredients to the jam rheology were investigated. The paste was prepared by crushing the sporophyll using chopper and homogenizer with 2.5 times water and then it was filtrated before to make a jam. The sporophyll jam was adjusted to 62$^{\circ}$Brix by heating and concentration. It was a similar to the commercial jam in the gel strength. Among the various treatments, the jam prepared with 60% (w/w) sugar, 0.75% (w/w) high methoxy (HM) pectin and 0.3% (w/w) citric acid showed best quality aspects of both texture profile analysis (TPA) and sensory evaluation. Addition of 0,08% (v/w) synthetic strawberry flavor and 0.5% (w/w) cinnamon powder to sporophyll paste gave a good masking effect for the undesirable sea mustard flavor.

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2007

Crude fucoidan was extracted from the sporophyll of Korean Undaria pinnatifida collected at a coastal area ofWando, Korea, mainly by dilute acid extraction, ethanol precipitation, CaCU Precipitation, with an yield of approxi-mately 3.9% in mass. It was further purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and its chemical composi-don and in vitro anticoagulant activity was determined. The average molecular mass of the purified fucoidan wasestimated about 2.1 x 103 kDa by size-fractionation HPLC and it consisted of neutral sugar (52.34% in mass), uronicacid (26.2%), and sulfate esters (7.4%). From the HPAEC-PAD analysis, the monosaccharide composition of thepurified fucoidan was shown to be fucose, galactose, xylose, and mannose, with a molar ratio of 1, 0.2, 0.02, 0.15,respectively, demonstrating that major monosacd-iande was fucose (72.3% in mol percentage) and other sugars,xylose (1.5%), galactose (14.6%), and mannose (10.9%) were present as minor component. The results suggested thatthis fucoidan is a sulfated, U-type fucoidan. The activated partial thrombloplastin time (APTT) assay of the purifiedfucoidan showed that the purified fucoidan elicited anticoagulant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Five jUg ofsporophyll fucoidan delayed the blood clotting time up to 5 times than untreated control and also up to 1.5 timesthan the same amount of the commercial fucoidan, respectively. Although it is preliminary, these results suggestthat the fucoidan of Korean Undaria vinnatifida sporophyll would be promising candidates for the development ofan anticoaeulant.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2019

In this study, phytochemicals extracted from sea mustard (SM) and sea mustard sporophyll (SMS) in ethanol solution have been analyzed and wound healing potential of the phytochemicals was investigated. In the phytochemical screening studies, the extract of SM and SMS includes several phytochemical compounds such as phytol, ascorbic acid, sitgmasta, fucosterol and ergosta. Cytotoxicity studies of the extract of SM and SMS with mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells showed on toxicity up to a high concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Furthermore, the SM and SMS extract significantly reduces the production of nitric oxide (NO) induced lipopolysaccharide on RAW 264.7 cells with a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the extract of SM and SMS has the effect of enhancing the cell migration and invasion of fibroblast. These results demonstrate that the extract of SM and SMS could help to heal wound by reducing NO production and increasing cell migration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.691-700
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the proximate composition, alginic acid and mineral contents and the types of calcium and magnesium in the parts(frond, stipe, sporophyll) of sea mustards. Carbohydrates and the crude fat was the highest in sporophyll. The contents of alginic acid were $25.9{\sim}32.2%$. Total alginic acid(32.2%) and insoluble alginic acid in water(27.7%) was e highest in sporophyll. Calcium and magnesium was the highest in frond. Phosphorous, potassium and sulfur was the highest in sporophyll. Iron, zinc and mangane was the highest in frond. Ca/P ratio in frond and stipe was about $1.7{\sim}1.8:1$ levels. Calcium and magnesium soluble in sodium chloride was the highest in sea mustards. Calcium and magnesium soluble in water was the highest in frond. Calcium and magnesium soluble in hydrochloric acid was the highest in sporophyll.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.712-716
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• 2011

We investigated changes in the extraction yield and whitening activity of polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll due to gamma irradiation. U. pinnatifida sporophyll was gamma-irradiated at doses of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 kGy, then extracted with hot water and precipitated with ethanol to extract polysaccharides. Crude polysaccharide yields increased with an increase in irradiation dosage, but tyrosinase inhibition activity did not change. Melanin synthesis did not significantly differ between B16BL6 cells treated with irradiated and non-irradiated samples. In conclusion, gamma irradiation increased the crude polysaccharide extraction yield but did not change the whitening activity of U. pinnatifida sporophyll. This implies that gamma irradiation can be used to increase yields in the cosmetic industry, thus increasing profits.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.460-467
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of Hizikia fusiforme, Capsosiphon fulvescens, and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll on the antioxidant and inhibitory potentials against key enzymes related to type 2 diabetes of a commercial vegetable extract. The nutritional quality and mineral concentration of a vegetable extract with seaweeds added were also analyzed. The addition levels of seaweed did not influence the proximate composition, whereas the calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and iron concentrations significantly increased at the 5% Hizikia fusiforme and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll addition levels. The 20% Hizikia fusiforme addition level significantly increased the total phenolic content and reducing power by 47.08% and 16.82%. The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of the vegetable extract was not strengthened with the addition of seaweeds. The DPPH radical scavenging activity at the 20% Hizikia fusiforme, Capsosiphon fulvescens, and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll addition levels significantly increased by 27.47%, 22.25%, and 17.27%, respectively. The vegetable extract with seaweeds added showed higher-level ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activities, accompanied by relatively weaker ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibition activity. In particular, at the 5% Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll addition level, the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity was significantly inhibited by 98.26%. Overall, the results showed that the incorporation of seaweeds into a vegetable extract effectively increased the mineral concentration and improved the antioxidant and inhibitory abilities of the extract on key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes.