• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2005

In this paper, we proposed a new hearing aid algorithm to improve SNR(signal to noise ratio) of noisy speech signal and speech perception. The proposed hearing aid algorithm is a multi-band loudness compensation based independent component analysis (ICA). The proposed algorithm was compared with a conventional spectral subtraction algorithm on behind-the-ear type hearing aid. The proposed algorithm successfully separated a target speech signal from background noise and from a mixture of the speech signals. The algorithms were compared each other by means of SNR. The average improvement of SNR by ICA based algorithm was 16.64dB, whereas spectral subtraction algorithm was 8.67dB. From the clinical tests, we concluded that our proposed algorithm would help hearing aid user to hear clearly a target speech in noisy conditions.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.261-265
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• 2003

Near-infrared (NIR) system was used to determine rapidly and simply indomethacin in buffer solution for a dissolution test of tablets and capsules. Indomethacin standards were prepared ranging from 10 to 50 ppm using the mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) and water (1 : 4). The near-infrared (NIR) transmittance spectra of indomethacin standard solutions were collected by using a quartz cell in 1 mm and 2 mm pathlength. Partial least square regression (PLSR) was explored to develop calibration models over the spectral range 1100∼1700 nm. The model using 1 mm quartz cell was better than that using 2 mm quartz cell. The PLSR models developed gave standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.858 ppm. In order to validate the developed calibration model, routine analysis was performed using another standard solutions. The NIR routine analysis showed good correlation with actual values. Standard error of prediction (SEP) is 1.414 ppm for 7 indomethacin samples in routine analysis and its error was permeable in the regulation of Korean Pharmacopoeia (VII). These results show the potential use of the real time monitoring for indomethacin during a dissolution test.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.334-336
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• 2003

Satellite and airborne hyperspectral sensor images are suitable for investigating the vegetation state in agricultural land. However, image data obtained by an optical sensor inevitably includes mixels caused by high altitude observation. Therefore, mixel analysis method, which estimates both the pure spectra and the coverage of endmembers simultaneously, is required in order to distinguish the qualitative spectral changes due to the chlorophyll quantity or crop variety, from the quantitative coverage change. In this paper, we apply our agricultural independent component analysis (ICA) model to an airborne hyperspectral sensor image, which includes noise and fluctuation of coverage, and estimate pure spectra and the mixture ratio of crop and soil in agricultural land simultaneously.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.591-600
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• 2018

The probabilistic characterization of wind field characteristics is a significant task for fatigue reliability assessment of long-span railway bridges in wind-prone regions. In consideration of the effect of wind direction, the stochastic properties of wind field should be represented by a bivariate statistical model of wind speed and direction. This paper presents the construction of the bivariate model of wind speed and direction at the site of a railway arch bridge by use of the long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) data. The wind characteristics are derived by analyzing the real-time wind monitoring data, such as the mean wind speed and direction, turbulence intensity, turbulence integral scale, and power spectral density. A sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm-based finite mixture modeling method is proposed to formulate the joint distribution model of wind speed and direction. For the probability density function (PDF) of wind speed, a double-parameter Weibull distribution function is utilized, and a von Mises distribution function is applied to represent the PDF of wind direction. The SQP algorithm with multi-start points is used to estimate the parameters in the bivariate model, namely Weibull-von Mises mixture model. One-year wind monitoring data are selected to validate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling method. The optimal model is jointly evaluated by the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and coefficient of determination, $R^2$. The obtained results indicate that the proposed SQP algorithm-based finite mixture modeling method can effectively establish the bivariate model of wind speed and direction. The established bivariate model of wind speed and direction will facilitate the wind-induced fatigue reliability assessment of long-span bridges.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.233-236
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• 2004

Total impurity analysis of a primary standard solution is one of the essential procedures to determine an accurate concentration of the standard solution by the gravimetry. Bi impurity is determined in Pb standard solutions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The direct nebulization of the Pb standard solution produces a significant amount of the Pb matrix-induced molecular ions which give rise to a serious spectral interference to the Bi determination. In order to avoid the spectral interference from the interferent $^{208}PbH^+$, the hydride generation method is employed for the matrix separation. The Bi hydride vapor is generated by reaction of the sample solution with 1% sodium borohydride solution. The vapor is then directed by argon carrier gas into the ICP after separation from the mixture solution in a liquid-gas separator made of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane tube. The presence of 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix caused reduction of the bismuthine generation efficiency by about 40%. The standard addition method is used to overcome the chemical interference from the Pb matrix. Optimum conditions are investigated for the hydride-generation ICPMS. The detection limit of this method is 0.5 pg/mL for the sample solutions containing 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.727-731
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• 2003

ASTER image has some advantages for classification such as 15 spectral bands and 15m ${\sim}$ 90m spatial resolution. However, in the classification using general remote sensing image, shadow areas are often classified into water area. It is very difficult to divide shadow and water. Because reflectance characteristics of water is similar to characteristics of shadow. Many land cover items are consisted in one pixel which is 15m spatial resolution. Nowadays, very high resolution satellite image (IKONOS, Quick Bird) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) by air borne laser scanner can also be used. In this study, mixed pixel analysis of ASTER image has carried out using IKONOS image and DSM. For mixed pixel analysis, high accurated geometric correction was required. Image matching method was applied for generating GCP datasets. IKONOS image was rectified by affine transform. After that, one pixel in ASTER image should be compared with corresponded 15×15 pixel in IKONOS image. Then, training dataset were generated for mixed pixel analysis using visual interpretation of IKONOS image. Finally, classification will be carried out based on Linear Mixture Model. Shadow extraction might be succeeded by the classification. The extracted shadow area was validated using shadow image which generated from 1m${\sim}$2m spatial resolution DSM. The result showed 17.2% error was occurred in mixed pixel. It might be limitation of ASTER image for shadow extraction because of 8bit quantization data.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1054-1059
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• 2005

An extracellular protease was identified from Bacillus subtilis KCCM 10257 by N-terminal sequencing and mass spectral analysis. The molecular mass of the extracellular protease was estimated to be 28 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Sequencing of the N-terminal of the protease revealed the sequence of A(G,S,R)QXVPYG(A)V(P,L)SQ. The N-terminal sequence exhibited close similarity to the sequence of other proteases from Bacillus sp. A mass list of the monoisotopic peaks in the MALDI-TOF spectrum was searched after peptide fragmentation of the protease. Six peptide sequences exhibiting monoisotopic masses of 1,276.61, 1,513.67, 1,652.81, 1,661.83, 1,252.61, and 1,033.46 were observed from the fragmented protease. These monisotopic masses corresponded to the lytic enzyme L27 from Bacillus subtilis 168, and the Mowse score was found to be 75. A doubly charged Top product (MS) at a m/z of 517.3 exhibiting a molecular mass of 1034.6 was further analyzed by de novo sequencing using a PE Sciex QSTAR Hybrid Quadropole-TOF (MS/MS) mass spectrometer. MS/MS spectra of the Top product (MS) at a m/z of 517.3 obtained from the fragmented peptide mixture of protease with Q-star contained the b-ion series of 114.2, 171.2, 286.2, 357.2, 504.2, 667.4, 830.1, and 887.1 and y-ion series of 147.5, 204.2, 367.2, 530.3, 677.4, 748.4, 863.4, and 920.5. The sequence of analyzed peptide ion was identified as LGDAFYYG from the b- and y-ion series by de novo sequencing and corresponded to the results from the MALDI-TOF spectrum. From these results the extracellular protease from Bacillus subtilis KCCM 10257 was successfully identified with the lytic enzyme L27 from Bacillus subtilis 168.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.824-832
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• 2015

Heart sounds are the main obstacle in lung sound analysis. To tackle this obstacle, we propose a diagnosis algorithm that uses singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and frequency features of heart and lung sounds. In particular, we introduce a frequency coefficient that shows the frequency difference between heart and lung sounds. The proposed algorithm is applied to a synthetic mixture of heart and lung sounds. The results show that heart sounds can be extracted successfully and localizations for the first and second heart sounds are remarkably performed. An error analysis of the localization results shows that the proposed algorithm has fewer errors compared to the SSA method, which is one of the most powerful methods in the localization of heart sounds. The presented algorithm is also applied in the cases of recorded respiratory sounds from the chest walls of five healthy subjects. The efficiency of the algorithm in extracting heart sounds from the recorded breathing sounds is verified with power spectral density evaluations and listening. Most studies have used only normal respiratory sounds, whereas we additionally use abnormal breathing sounds to validate the strength of our achievements.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.126-129
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• 2005

Change detections is carried out under the assumption that pixel boundaries of geometrically corrected time series satellite images cover the same location. However that assumption can be wrong when shifts in the pointing direction of a satellite sensor occurs. Currently, although the influence of misregistration on landcover change detection has been investigated, there has been little research on the influence of pointing direction shifts of a satellite sensor. In this study, a simple method for reducing the effects of pointing direction shifts of a satellite sensor is proposed: the classification of two ASTER images was carried out using the linear spectral mixture analysis, the two classification results were resampled into a geometrically fixed grid, and then the change detection of the two ASTER images was carried out by comparing the resampled classification results of the two images. The proposed method showed high performance in discriminating between changed areas and unchanged areas by removing the pointing direction shifts of a satellite sensor.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.206-209
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• 2006

강우-유출 모델링에 있어 토지피복/이용 상태는 중요한 입력변수로 사용되지만 기존의 다중분광영상을 이용한 분류에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 위성탑재 초분광영상인 Hyperion 영상의 분광혼합분석을 통해 도시지역의 수문학적 토지피복/이용 분류를 실시하였으며 분류등급의 기준은 널리 사용되고 있는 SCS 토지피복/이용 등급을 이용하였다. 정확도분석을 위해 항공사진을 디지타이징하여 불투수면적의 비율을 비교하였으며 분광혼합분석 결과와 항공사진에서 불투수면적의 비율은 유사하게 나타났다. 그러나 SCS의 분류등급은 미국을 기준으로 개발되었기 때문에 임계치를 이용하여 분류된 등급과 실제 항공사진판독의 결과가 일부 다르게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다.