• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.378-382
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• 2018

In most previous investigations of plasmonic and metamaterial applications, the metallic film has been regarded as a perfect electrical conductor. Here we demonstrate the resonance characteristics of THz metamaterials fabricated from metal film that has a finite dielectric constant, using finite-difference time-domain simulations. We found strong redshift and spectral broadening of the resonance as we decrease the metal's plasma frequency in the Drude free-electron model. The frequency shift can be attributed to the effective thinning of the metal film, originating from the increase in penetration depth as the plasma frequency decreases. On the contrary, only peak broadening occurs with an increase in the scattering rate. The metal-thickness dependence confirms that the redshift and spectral broadening occur when the effective metal thickness drops below the skin-depth limit. The electromagnetic field distribution illustrates the reduced field enhancement and reduced funneling effects near the gap area in the case of low plasma frequency, which is associated with reduced charge density in the metal film.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -3
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• pp.1928-1931
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• 2002

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing or OFDM is a form of multi-carrier modulation technique. High spectral efficiency, robustness to channel fading, immunity to impulse interference, uniform average spectral density, capability of handling very strong echoes and less on linear distortion are among the favorite properties of OFDM. Even though there are many advantages of OFDM, t has two main drawbacks: high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and frequency of offset. In this paper, the issue of PAPR in OFDM is discussed. A new algorithm is proposed to reduce PAPR by selecting the input sequences property using a lookup table.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.839-851
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• 1997

Closed-form solutions are analytically derived for stochastic properties of earthquake ground motion fields, which are conditioned by an observed time series at certain observation sites and are characterized by spectra with uncertainties. The theoretical framework presented here can estimate not only the expectations of such simulated earthquake ground motions, but also the prediction errors which offer important information for the field of engineering. Before these derivations are made, the theory of conditional random fields is summarized for convenience in this study. Furthermore, a method for stochastic interpolation of power spectra is explained.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.637-644
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• 2006

Acceleration time history used in the seismic analysis of nuclear porter plant structure should envelop a target power spectral density (PSD) function in addition to design response spectrum. Current regulation guide defines the target PSD function only for the U.S. URC RG 1.60 Design Response Spectrum. This paper proposes a technical scheme to obtain the target PSD function compatible with generally defined design response spectrum. The scheme includes the methodology for design-spectrum compatible motion history in order to minimize the variation of the derived target PSD function. The PSD calculation procedure follows simple and practical methods allowed within regulation. Effectiveness of the proposed scheme is identified through an example problem. The design response spectrum In the example is based on U.S. NRC RG 1.60 but amplifies the spectral acceleration amplitudes above 9Hz. The target PSD function with little variation can be constructed with the reduced time history ensemble.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2021

In order to develop a Korea Positioning System (KPS) as part of key national infrastructure, independent navigation signal design is essential. The designed signal candidates must coexist with existing or planned GNSS signals within the limited frequency band. This requires a RF compatibility assessment, which can be performed using the Spectral Separation Coefficient (SSC) and Effective Carrier to Noise Density Ratio (Effective C/N0), for navigation signals. Thus, in this paper, the analysis of RF compatibility between the designed signal candidates and the existing GNSS signals is carried out based on analytical and numerical techniques.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.549-560
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• 2020

Methods for stochastic simulation of non-Gaussian wind pressure have increasingly addressed the efficiency and accuracy contents to offer an accurate description of the extreme value estimation of the long-span and high-rise structures. This paper presents a linear prediction and z-transform (LPZ) based Cumulative distribution function (CDF) mapping algorithm for the simulation of multivariate non-Gaussian fluctuating wind pressure. The new algorithm generates realizations of non-Gaussian with prescribed marginal probability distribution function (PDF) and prescribed spectral density function (PSD). The inverse linear prediction and z-transform function (ILPZ) is deduced. LPZ is improved and applied to non-Gaussian wind pressure simulation for the first time. The new algorithm is demonstrated to be efficient, flexible, and more accurate in comparison with the FFT-based method and Hermite polynomial model method in two examples for transverse softening and longitudinal hardening non-Gaussian wind pressures.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2016

우리는 도래각 (DoA; direction of arrival) 추정 방법 중 하나인 서로소 배열 기반의 프로퍼게이터 방법을 개선시키는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 서로소 배열 기반의 프로퍼게이터 방법은 특이값 분해없이 도래각을 추정하는 방법으로 서로소 배열 기반의 MUSIC에 비하여 현저히 낮은 복잡도를 지녔으나, 다소 저하된 도래각 추정 성능을 보인다. 우리는 이러한 성능 저하의 원인 중 하나로 잡음의 파워 스펙트럼 밀도를 포함하고 있는 신호의 자기상관행렬의 대각 성분이 사용되고 있지 않음에 있음을 파악하고, 잡음의 파워 스펙트럼 밀도가 장기간에 걸쳐 추정이 가능하다는 사실에 착안하여 신호의 자기상관행렬의 대각 성분을 사용하는 도래각 추정 방법을 제안한다. 우리는 시뮬레이션을 통해 우리가 제안한 방법이 기존의 서로소 배열 기반의 프로퍼게이터 방법보다 연산량을 4배정도 증가시키지만 탐지확률 95% 기준 하에 신호대 잡음비를 1.5dB, 도래각 분해능을 $0.7^{\circ}$ 만큼 개선시켜 그 성능이 서로소 배열 기반의 MUSIC에 보다 근접함을 관찰한다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2015

배열회수 보일러의 전열관군은 외부에 고온의 배기가스가 흐르면서 유동 유발 진동을 야기 시키며 배열회수 보일러의 전열관군에서 파손을 야기할 수 있어서 열교환기의 구조적 안정성을 위해 열교환기의 전열관군에서 유동 유발 진동 특성을 규명할 필요가 있다. 일반적인 열교환기 전열관군에서 유동 유발 진동에 관한 실험적 연구는 기존에 많이 진행되어 오고 있으며 유동 유발 진동에 대한 무차원 PSD(Power Spectral Density) 함수를 무차원 주파수인 Strouhal 수, fU/U의 함수로 도출된 실험적 결과들이 도출되어 있다. 본 연구는 열교환기 전열관군에서 유동 유발 진동에 관한 기존의 연구들의 결과를 전산유체해석을 통해 검증하고 배열회수 보일러의 전열관군의 유동 유발 진동 특성에 적용하기 위한 기반을 마련하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 것을 위해 단일 원관에서 비정상 상태 유동해석을 수행하여 주기적인 와동 발생 특성과 원관에서의 양력 변화 특성을 살펴보았다. 또한 원관에서 양력 변동 특성으로부터 유동 유발 진동에 따른 PSD 특성 결과를 도출하여 기존의 연구들과 비교를 통해 원관 주위의 PSD 특성을 정립하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.124-133
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• 2018

We tried to investigate the changes in cortical activities according to emotional valence states during watching video clips. We examined the neural basis of two emotional states (positive and negative) using spectral power analysis and brain functional connectivity analysis of cortical current density time-series reconstructed from high-density electroencephalograms (EEGs). Fifteen healthy participants viewed a series of thirty-two 2 min emotional video clips. Sixty-four channel EEGs were recorded. Distributed cortical sources were reconstructed using weighted minimum norm estimation. The temporal and spatial characteristics of spectral source powers showing significant differences between positive and negative emotion were examined. Also, correlations between gamma-band activities and affective valence ratings were determined. We observed the changes of cortical current density time-series according to emotional states modulated by video clip. Gamma-band activities showed significant difference between emotional states for thirty seconds at the middle and the latter half of the video clip, mainly in prefrontal area. It was also significantly anti-correlated with the self-ratings of emotional valence. In addition, the gamma-band activities in frontal and temporal areas were strongly phase-synchronized, more strongly for negative emotional states. Cortical activities in frontal and temporal areas showed high spectral power and inter-regional phase synchronization in gamma-band during negative emotional states. It is inferred that the higher amygdala activation induced by negative stimuli resulted in strong emotional effects and caused strong local and global synchronization of neural activities in gamma-band in frontal and temporal areas.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2015

Steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)는 뇌파의 종류 중 하나로서 다른 뇌파에 비해 훈련 시간이 짧고, 비교적 높은 신호대잡음비 (signal-to-noise ratio)와 높은 정보전달량 (information transfer rate)을 가지고 있어서 최근에 뇌-컴퓨터 접속 장치 (brain-computer interface; BCI)에 많이 사용되고 있다. SSVEP 신호를 분석하는 기존 기법에는 전력 스펙트럼 밀도 분석 (power spectral density analysis; PSDA)과 정준상관분석 (canonical correlation analysis; CCA)이 있다. 그러나 PSDA는 단일 전극만을 사용하기 때문에 잡음에 취약한 단점이 있고, CCA는 PSDA보다 높은 정확도를 가지지만 사인-코사인을 기준 신호로 가지므로 짧은 시간 윈도우 길이를 가질 경우 실시간 BCI 시스템에 적용되기 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존의 기법들의 한계점을 보완하기 위해 CCA의 결과로 얻을 수 있는 정준변수 간의 전력차이를 이용하는 CCA와 PSDA를 결합한 기법을 제안한다. 실험 결과를 통해, SSVEP 기반 BCI 시스템이 짧은 시간 윈도우 길이를 가질 때 제안된 기법이 기존의 CCA 기법에 비해 더욱 높은 주파수 인식 정확도를 가짐을 보여준다.