• 품질경영학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.182-192
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• 1997

The well-known standard normal distribution has been used within the limit of standard variable value of u=3.59. However, the probability values above the limit are not given in the literature. In this study, a probability computation program for standard normal distribution to u=5.99 with the proportional normal distribution a, pp.oximation suggested by Abramowitz and Stegun, Hastings is developed. The new standard normal distribution table developed by the program is presented and will be of help to estimate of probability values for testing and estimation of process mean value, lot acceptable probability, defective percentage of PPM unit of an out-of specification limit, process capability, test power of control charts, probability and statistics.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

Shadow banking in China has been growing rapidly; banks use wealth management products aggressively to evade regulatory constraints. The loan-to-deposit ratio or LDR targets both sides of the balance sheet; loans in terms of asset-side, and deposits in terms of liabilities-side; banks needed to control and maintain both sides. Regulators restricted Chinese banks to maintain a 75% limit for their loan-depositratio. Banks' needed to either lower their loans or increase the deposits; WMPs helped banks to evade this limit. Banks issue more WMPs to control and manage a 75% statutory ceiling LDR. This WMPs-LDR positive association disappeared post-2015 period. This study empirically examined how Chinese banks use WMPs issuance to avoid regulatory constraints. Quarterly panel data for 30 top Chinese banks were used by analyzing pre-2015 (during the 75% LDR limit) and post-2015 (after removal of the LDR limit). This study also performed fixed-effects model as recommended by the Hausman specification test, with feasible generalized least squares FGLS estimation technique. The results of this study show that for the pre-2015 period, Chinese banks use issuance of WMPs aggressively to manage their LDR limit; this WMPs-LDR relationship disappeared post-2015 period. Moreover, SMBs use WMPs more eagerly as compare to Big4 banks.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2019

계선주는 선박이 계류삭을 고박함으로써 항만의 부두에 계류를 시행할 수 있도록 하는 필수적인 항만의 시설물로서, 부두에 설치되는 계선주는 국내의 항만 및 어항설계기준에서 제시하는 설치 규모와 개수, 재질 및 배치 형상에 따라 설치되고 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 선박의 접안 안전성 확보를 위한 계선주의 사용을 위한 관리 기준이 마련되지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 선박이 부두에 접안 중 계선주에 작용하는 견인력을 포함한 계선주 관련 설계기준을 조사하고, 국내에 현재 설치되는 계선주의 규격별 상세 제원 조사를 토대로 견인력에 따른 선박의 접안 안전성 확보를 위한 계선주의 성능을 분석하였다. 계선주 성능 분석은 견인력에 따른 작용력을 수평방향과 수직방향으로 나누어 각각의 작용력에 의해 계선주에 작용하는 각각의 응력으로 구분하여 평가하였다. 국내 계선주에 대한 성능 평가를 위해 상세 제원조사 결과를 바탕으로 한계 강도 245Mpa을 산출하고 각각의 응력과 비교하여 적정성 평가를 시행하고 한계 성능에 도달하는 제원을 산출하였으며 산출 결과 현재 국내에 설치되는 계선주에 규격별 견인력에 따른 작용 응력은 최소 150Mpa 이하로 산출되어 한계 강도의 60% 수준으로 성능을 만족한 것으로 평가되었다. 향후 이러한 계선주 상세 제원에 따른 성능 평가 방법은 계선주 제원에 따른 부두에 접안하는 선박에 대한 계선주의 적정성 및 사용에 따른 계선주 상세 제원 변화에 대한 관리 기준 개발에도 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2017

Machines are physically or chemically degenerated by continuous usage. One of the results of this degeneration is the process mean shift. Under the process mean shift, production cost, failure cost and quality loss function cost are increasing continuously. Therefore a periodic preventive resetting the process is necessary. We suppose that the wear level is observable. In this case, process mean shift problem has similar characteristics to the maintenance policy model. In the previous studies, process mean shift problem has been studied in several fields such as 'Tool wear limit', 'Canning Process' and 'Quality Loss Function' separately or partially integrated form. This paper proposes an integrated cost model which involves production cost by the material, failure cost by the nonconforming items, quality loss function cost by the deviation between the quality characteristics from the target value and resetting the process cost. We expand this process mean shift problem a little more by dealing the process variance as a function, not a constant value. We suggested a multiplier function model to the process variance according to the analysis result with practical data. We adopted two-side specification to our model. The initial process mean is generally set somewhat above the lower specification. The objective function is total integrated costs per unit wear and independent variables are wear limit and initial setting process mean. The optimum is derived from numerical analysis because the integral form of the objective function is not possible. A numerical example is presented.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.652-657
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• 2004

Korean High Speed Train (KHST) designed to operate at 350km/h has been tested on KyungBu high speed line since it was developed in 2002. The specification of the interior noise level for high speed train in Korea has been adopted through the contract between KHRC and Korea TGV consortium, not a national specification. But it can not be adopted to KHST designed at 350km/h because this has involved up to 300Km/h. Therefor, in this paper, the interior noise level at 350km/h are predicted in passenger car using the results at 300Km/h and these results show that the KHST's interior noise levels are good up to 300Km/h but need to be reduced at 350Km/h in the view point of limit value at 300Km/h of the contract between KHRC and Korea TGV consortium. Also it proposed to make a national specification for the interior noise level to evaluate it in detail at 350Km/h.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1051-1060
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• 2010

도금공정에서는 도금두께의 규격한계는 주어지지만 대부분의 경우 목표치는 주어지지 않는다. 목표치가 주어지지 않았을 때 일반적으로 규격의 중심점이 목표치로 사용된다. 하지만 공정능력치가 크다면 규격의 중심을 목표치로 사용하는 것은 총 손실비용면에서 최선의 선택이 아니다. 이 논문에서는 총 손실비용을 생산비용과 손실함수의 합으로 정의하였고 기대 총 손실비용을 최소화 하는 목표치를 제안하였다. 그리고 그때의 공정능력치의 감소가 미미한 것을 보였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2001

급변하는 IT환경에서 시스템의 재사용성을 높여 라이프타임을 증가시키고 비용을 절감하기 위한 다양한 노력들이 이루어져 왔다. 구조적 프로그래밍 기법에서는 모듈에 기반한 아키텍처를 활용하여 생산성을 향상시켰다. 그러나 모듈들은 단순히 호출 빈도를 높일 뿐, 성장이나 진화를 하지 못하는 한계 상황에 직면하게 되었다. 객체지향 기법은 클래스들을 상속시키거나 메소드를 재정의 함으로써 시스템의 성장과 진화를 가능케 하여 구조적 프로그래밍 기법의 한계를 극복하였다. 최근 CORBA나 DCOM과 같은 분산 처리 기술과 객체지향 기법이 융화되어 생성된 컴포넌트 아키텍처는 고도의 재사용성이나 라이프타임의 증가뿐만 아니라 플러그-앤-플레이(Plug-&-Play)도 지원한다. 그러나 이러한 컴포넌트들을 조립하여 새로운 시스템을 구축하기 위해서는 컴포넌트의 구조와 인터페이스를 잘 정의한 명세서가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 컴포넌트의 도입을 위한 참조 컴포넌트 아키텍처를 제시하고 UML을 이용한 이의 명세화에 대하여 제안한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권2_3호
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• pp.103-126
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• 2005

This paper describes the theoretical background and underlying principles behind the American Institute of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design (AISC LRFD) Specification for the analysis and stability design of steel frames. Various analysis procedures that can take into consideration the effects of member instability, frame instability, member-frame interaction, geometric imperfections, and inelasticity are reviewed. Design approaches by which these factors can be incorporated in the design of steel moment frames are addressed. Current specification guidelines for member and frame design in the U.S. are summarized. Examples are given to illustrate the validity of the design equations. Some future directions for the analysis and stability design of steel frames are discussed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.467-478
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• 2003

Automotive shock absorber may not be regarded as only one(simple) damping machine because it is composed of many components, and shows non-linear damping characteristics. No matter how advanced form of shock absorber is developed, the oil shock absorber can not be neglected. because their structures are based on the oil shock absorber. Therefore it is essential to accurately analyze the dynamic characteristics of oil shock absorber. It stands mainly roi damper valve tuning which nowadays is still exhaustively done by means of ride work. In this study, damping mechanism and dynamic characteristics for oil shock absorber of twin tube type are analyzed, based on the mathematical model considering internal flow and pressure. For the reliability of numerical prediction. the database is constructed within the limit of adequate reliability. Finally, the programmed system that gives out necessary specification by inputting damping specification and tolerance is to be constructed.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.114-122
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• 1999

As the rapid growth of Industrial society, many enterprises are inclined to ppm management from the traditional$3\'{o}$ management method. Therefore it is need to extend process capability index for guarantee of quality assurance level to ppm unit. Thus, in this paper, using the probability of standard normal distribution from $ 3\'{o}; to; 6\'{o}$ which was developed by Song(1997), the capability index which is proposed considers the numbers of inspection facility and quality assurance level. Also, quality assurance level is determined by considering the precision of inspection when one and two sided specification limits are given for the probability which is out of the specification limit.