• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.109-113
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• 1999

Thermal mass flow meter (TMF) is used measuring the small mass flow rate of gases. Generally, flow rate measuring accuracy of TMF is $\pm2{\%}$ of full scale. TMF is manufactured for specified working pressure and specified working gas by customer. If it were applied for different working pressure and gases, flow rate measurement accuracy decreased dramatically. In this study, a TMF tested with three different gases and pressure range of 0.2 MPa to 1.0 MPa. Effect of specific heat cause to increase flow measurement error as much as ratio of specific heat compare with reference gas. Pressure change cause to increase flowrate measurement deviation about $-0.2{\%}$ as the working pressure decreased 0.1 MPa.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 1993

In this paper, we propose a stereo vision system to solve correspondence problem with large disparity and sudden change in environment which result from small distance between camera and working objects. First of all, a specific feature is divided by predfined elementary feature. And then these are combined to obtain coded data for solving correspondence problem. We use Neural Network to extract elementary features from specific feature and to have adaptability to noise and some change of the shape. Fourier transformation and Log-polar mapping are used for obtaining appropriate Neural Network input data which has a shift, scale, and rotation invariability. Finally, we use associative memory to obtain coded data of the specific feature from the combination of elementary features. In spite of specific feature with some variation in shapes, we could obtain satisfactory 3-dimensional data from corresponded codes.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.95-110
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• 2007

In spite of the increasing significance on a scale of building measurement unit and its system having been used in many areas of architecture, only a few researchers carried out the studies on a specific period. It is even harder to find a research results dealt in view of architecture. This research gives a focus on different types of scales employed in the ancient buildings and their sites, based on the research results of unit scale or scales found in recent excavations. After the review of literature on the scales widely used in the ancient times and of the various types of scales excavated archeologically, a kind of scale unit system that had been widely and extensively employed throughout the period of 'Three Kingdoms' could be revealed. The scale system is possibly able to be applied to estimate the exact scale of buildings and their sites as well in that era. The research results show that the scale and its system employed in the East and West buildings and their sites of 'Kum-dang' in 'Mi-ruk Sa' temple are different from 'Kokuryo' scale that was believed in to be used in the temple. Contrary to the suggestion by excavation report on the type of scale employed in the buildings their sites, a scale of 29 centimeters, similar to that of Tang, was employed. It was also found that one module consists of three 'Chuk's of 88.8 centimeters. Based on this scale system, we could conclude that three modules of the buildings on the front and two and half modules of them on the sides were explained by this scale and its system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

Recently nano meter size pattern (sub-micro scale) can be machined mechanically using a diamond tool. Many studies have found a 'size effect' which referred to a specific cutting energy increase with the decrease in the uncut chip thickness at micro scale machining. A new analysis method was suggested in order to observe 'size effect' in nano scale machining and to verify the cause of the 'size effect' in this study. The diamond tool was indented to a vertical depth of 1,000nm depth in order to simplify the stress state and the normal force was measured continuously. The tip rounding was measured quantitatively by AFM. Based on the measurements and theoretical analysis, it was verified that the main cause of the 'size effect' in nano scale machining is geometrically necessary dislocations, one of the intrinsic material characteristics. st before tool failure.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.740-747
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• 2006

Amplification by universal consensus sequences in pathogenic bacterial DNA would allow rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria, and amplification of genus-specific and species-specific sequences of pathogenic bacterial DNA might be used for genotyping at the genus and species levels. For design of probes for molecular diagnostics, several tools are available as stand-alone programs or as Web application. However, since most programs can design only a few probe sets at one time, they are not suitable for large-scale and automatic probes design. Therefore, for high-throughput design of specific probes in diagnostic array development, an automated design tool is necessary. Thus, we developed a Web-based automatic system for design of genus-specific and species-specific probes for pathogen detection. The system is available at http://www.miprobe.com.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.206-214
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• 1999

Objectives: This study was carried out to identify relation of health care utilization due to skin disease(ICD-10, L00-L99) and characteristics(sex, age, exposure status, type of industry, size of enterprise) of workers. Methods: We made new database composed of 30,536 workers' health examination results in one specific health examination institute in Inchon and data of medical insurance utilization due to skin disease in 4 medical insurance associations for enterprise from January, 1995 to December, 1997 And we analyzed determinants of health care utilization due to skin disease of workers. Results: Among 30,536 study subjects, 8,837(28.9%) workers and 4,181 (13.7%) workers utilized medical insurance due to total skin disease(ICD-10, L00-L99) and contact dermatitis(ICD-10, L23-L25), respectively. Female workers(p<.001), workers exposed to organic solvents(p<.05), workers if manufacturing industries(p<.05, p<.01, respectively) and in large scale enterprises(p<.001) utilized more medical insurance due to total skin disease and contact dermatitis than male workers, workers not exposed to organic solvents, workers in non-manufacturing industries and small scale enterprises. With multiple logistic regression analysis, significant explanatory variables affecting workers' medical utilization due to total skin disease and dermatitis and eczema(ICD-10, L20-L30) in total workers were sex, age, specific chemicals and size of enterprises. And age, type of industries, organic solvents, specific chemicals and size of enterprises were significant explanatory variables related to medical insurance utilization due to dermatitis and eczema and contact dermatitis in male workers. Conclusion: From the above results, we found that workers exposed to organic solvents utilized more medical insurance due to skin disease than workers not exposed to. And, comparing to workers in large scale enterprises, workers in small scale enterprises may have unmet medical care utilization due to skin disease. Therefore we have to establish counterplan to manage occupational skin disease of high risk group(organic solvent exposure group) and to satisfy unmet medical care utilization of workers in small scale enterprises.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.741-750
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to develop a role conflict scale for nurses in hospitals. The process of study was as follows. The first step was the study of selected literature on role conflict in general and to translate into Korean language the role conflict and ambiguity scale developed by House. From this process, a scale for role conflict inventory-general was made by consulting with two professors majored in educational evaluation and one professor who is an authory on educational administration. In the second step, 24 clinical nurses were asked to describe the situations having job-related role conflict. In the third step, the role conflict inventory-specific was derived from the role conflict inventory -general, and data selected from the step two. The confidence and clarity of this role conflict inventory-specific was strengthed by consulting one clinical psychologist, two professors of nursing college and ten doctoral students of nursing. With this tool being tested, the results are summarized as follows. 1. Reliability Internal consistency reliability was tested by cronbach alpha, corrected item total correlation and correlation matrix. The cronbach alpha level was .94 and one item among 37 items was below .35 and the rest items were .42 above in the corrected item total correlation. There was no negative correlation in the correlation matrix. 2. Construct validity In the construct validity test, four factors have an eigen value 1.0 over, Factor 1 represented role ambiguity, composed of 15 items with .90 reliability level. Factor 2 represented deficiency of ability and skill, composed of 11 items with .90 of reliability level. Factor 3 represented working environment, composed of 6 items with .85 of reliability level. Final factor represented deficiency of job-related collaboration, composed of 5 items with .69 reliability level. These results contribute to measuring the level of role conflict for nurses, and to the managment of the nurses' role conflict.

• Clean Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2015

Hematite reduction using hydrogen was conducted and the various process parameters were closely observed. A lab scale fluidized bed unit was designed especially for this study. The optimal values of the gas velocity, reduction time and temperature were evaluated. The values which indicated the highest reduction rate were set as fixed parameters for the following tests starting with the reduction time of 30 minutes and 750 ℃ of temperature. Among these variables the one with the highest interest was the gas specific consumption. It will tell the amount of the gas which is required to achieve a reduction rate of over 90% at the optimal conditions. This parameter is important for the scale up of the lab scale unit. 1,500 Nm³/ton-ore was found to be the optimal specific gas consumption rate at which the reduction rates exhibit the highest values for hematite.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.114-125
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• 2011

Objectives: To understand relations general characteristics, lifestyle habits including smoking, alcohol habit, exercise, eating habit and menopausal symptoms measurement indicators during treatment for hot flush in menopausal women. Methods: The participants were 159 women (45~60 yr) who were not currently on hormone therapy, and had reached hot flash scores of 10 or higher. The evaluating indexes of this trial are hot flush score, hot flush visual analogue scale(VAS), Hot flush consistence time, sweating visual analogue scale(VAS), Menopause Rating Scale(MRS), Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL), Kupperman's Index. Results: 1. When the participants divided according to body mass index(BMI), overweight group showed a high score in all indicators. Therefore, obesity can aggravate the symptoms of menopause. 2. When the participants divided according to drinking habits, Hot flush consistence time of non-alcohol group showed a statistically significant difference. However, the sample size is uneven. Additional studies will be needed. 3. When the participants divided according to eating habits, Hot flush consistence time of regular group showed a statistically significant difference. However, the sample size uneven. Additional studies will be needed. 4. When the participants was divided depending on whether exercise, non-exercise group showed a high score in all indicators. Thus, exercise will be able to improve menopausal symptoms. Conclusions: Improvement of obesity and exercise will be able to improve menopausal symptoms.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.4.1-4.10
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• 2023

Background and objective: Cervicitis are an inflammatory condition of the cervix. This may be acute, chronic, active & specific or non-specific, which may cause various sign & symptoms. Abnormal vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, lower backache, post coital bleeding. If not treated timely it causes various complications viz PID, infertility, endometritis, ectopic pregnancy etc. Hence it has been decided to conduct a clinical trial for its management. Method: This study was an open observational study. The entire patients were allocated by considering the criteria of inclusion & exclusion. Marhame dakhilyun with roghane sausan is given 10 mg as ḥamūl at bed time, after menses for 21 days. All the patients were assessed by primary outcome of abnormal vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, lower backache, post coital bleeding & secondary outcomes of vaginal symptoms scale score (VSS) which score the vaginal discharge with QOL in cervicitis patients and vaginal analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Result: In this present study, marked improvement is observed in cervicitis. The mean ± SD of vaginal discharge before & after treatment is 2.57±0.050, 0.33±0.48 respectively which is highly significant with p value of<0.0001^**. VSS score before & after treatment is 21.27±6.12, 7.47±2.48 respectively with p<0.0001^** which is highly significant. VAS score used for LAB & LPA before & after treatment is 6.63±1.09, 1.90±1.29 respectively with p<0.0001^** which is highly significant. Interpretation & Conclusion: The study revealed that the formulation has been found effective in healing congestion, hypertrophied of the cervix and discharge and relieving the others associated symptoms of cervicitis. It is useful and provided immediate and effective treatment for cervicitis. Hence, the trial drug can be recommended for its management.